Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019693 (HIV)
 170,526 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Although blue-green molds of the genus Penicillium are ubiquitous in the human environment, invasive penicilliosis is uncommon and primarily encountered among immunosuppressed patients. A patient with HIV infection who died of severe necrotizing esophagitis caused by Penicillium chrysogenum is reported and the relevant English language literature on human penicilliosis is reviewed. Although infectious esophagitis is commonly associated with AIDS, Penicillium esophagitis has not been described in such patients.
Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1992 Dec
PMID:Fatal necrotizing esophagitis due to Penicillium chrysogenum in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. 129 12

Recent advances in a new method for the de novo design of enzyme inhibitors are reported. A new set of rules to define the possible nonbonded contacts between protein and ligand is presented. This method was derived from published statistical analyses of nonbonded contacts in crystal packings of organic molecules and has been implemented in the recently described computer program LUDI. Moreover, LUDI can now append a new substituent onto an already existing ligand. Applications are reported for the design of inhibitors of HIV protease and dihydrofolate reductase. The results demonstrate that LUDI is indeed capable of designing new ligands with improved binding when compared to the reference compound.
J Comput Aided Mol Des 1992 Dec
PMID:LUDI: rule-based automatic design of new substituents for enzyme inhibitor leads. 129 28

Adolescent childbearing increased 16% over 1986-90 in the Southern region of the US from 38.4 to 44.6 births/1000 girls aged 15-17; adolescent birth rates declined only in Oklahoma at the rate of 1%. Southern states spent more than $5.7 billion in Aid to Families with Dependent Children, Medicaid, and food stamps in 1991 to support families started by adolescent mothers, but federal and state spending combined for the primary prevention of adolescent pregnancy totalled only $110 million in the same states. Public expenditures related to adolescent childbearing in Alabama in fiscal year 1991 totalled more than $117 million, yet less than $1.5 million is spent on preventing teen pregnancy. The author stresses the need for stronger state commitment, leadership, and funds for programs to prevent pregnancy. Thus far, Alabama has definitely not done enough to address the HIV and AIDS pandemic.
Ala Med 1992 Dec
PMID:Adolescent pregnancy: a regional tragedy. 129 32

To evaluate the latex test, two different retrospective studies were undertaken. A positive culture for Cr. neoformans was used as the golden standard of active cryptococcal infection. 439 sera selected at random sent to the NSP laboratory for screening of HIV antibody were tested as well as--71 CSF from patients with meningeal symptoms sent to the laboratory of the Centre Hospitalier de Kigali. In total, two discrepancies were found: two CSF samples from ancient cases of cryptococcosis under treatment were positive with the latex test and negative by culture. If it stands to reason that the antigen test cannot differentiate between active and inactive cryptococcal diseases, the persistence of small amounts of soluble antigens in a CSF implies that the patient must remain under surveillance, a relapse being very frequent in AIDS patients. As a conclusion, the latex test is a fast, easy to perform and quite reliable test for the diagnosis of cryptococcosis.
Ann Soc Belg Med Trop 1992 Dec
PMID:Evaluation of the cryptococcal antigen test as a diagnostic tool of AIDS-associated cryptococcosis in Rwanda. 129 24

The association between tuberculosis and HIV presents an immediate and grave public health and socioeconomic threat, particularly in the developing world. In early 1992 WHO estimated that approximately 4 million people had been infected with both Mycobacterium tuberculosis and HIV since the beginning of the pandemic; 95% of them were in developing countries. The association between tuberculosis and HIV is evident from the high incidence of tuberculosis, estimated at 5-8% per year, among HIV-infected persons, the high HIV seroprevalence among patients with tuberculosis, the high occurrence of tuberculosis among AIDS patients, and the coincidence of increased tuberculosis notifications with the spreading of the HIV epidemic in several African countries. The impact of the two epidemics on resource-poor countries has ominous social and medical implications, and the already overstretched health services now have to face a tremendously increasing tuberculosis problem. HIV infection worsens the tuberculosis situation by increasing reactivation of latent tuberculosis infection in dually infected persons as well as by favouring rapid progression of new infections in the HIV-infected. This also results in an increase of the risk of infection and a subsequent increase of cases in the general population. In order to respond to this urgent problem, the highest priority must be given to strengthening tuberculosis control programmes in the countries where they are poorly developed and where the prevalence of HIV and tuberculosis infections is high. Besides improving the cure rate by early diagnosis and prompt treatment of patients with tuberculosis, two major strategies that need consideration include BCG vaccination and preventive chemotherapy among HIV-infected individuals. The latter strategy is considered as the most critical intervention that would help to limit the expected increase in clinical tuberculosis from the pool of HIV and tuberculosis coinfected individuals. However, a number of issues need to be addressed urgently and before such an intervention can be implemented in the developing countries.
Tuber Lung Dis 1992 Dec
PMID:HIV-associated tuberculosis in developing countries: epidemiology and strategies for prevention. 816 72

Study objectives were to characterize the clinical syndrome of chronic idiopathic esophageal ulceration in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), to determine the extent of local human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, and to evaluate the effect of corticosteroid therapy upon symptoms and healing. Twelve AIDS patients with chronic esophageal ulcers whose etiology remained unknown after clinical evaluation were the subjects. All patients complained of severe odynophagia, chest pain, and weight loss. Barium radiography and endoscopy demonstrated large, undermined ulcers with severe acute inflammation. No evidence of herpes simplex viruses I or II, cytomegalovirus, fungi, or tumors were found histologically. Evidence of HIV was found in all ulcers using a combination of RNA in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry, and quantitative antigen capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of tissue homogenates. Steroid therapy by the oral or intravenous routes or by direct intralesional injection resulted in pain relief, weight gain in 10 patients, and ulcer healing in five patients. A characteristic clinical syndrome of chronic idiopathic esophageal ulceration may occur in patients with AIDS, related to local HIV infection in the esophagus. Corticosteroids relieve symptoms and may promote healing of the ulcer.
J Clin Gastroenterol 1992 Dec
PMID:Chronic idiopathic esophageal ulceration in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Characterization and treatment with corticosteroids. 129 32

We have evaluated the presence and characteristics of septic arthritis in intravenous (iv) drug users with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Sixteen patients with both HIV infection and septic arthritis were studied and compared with 5 patients with septic arthritis but no HIV infection. Clinical profile, laboratory findings at the time of onset, localization, causative organisms, mean hospitalization time and presence of complications were the same in HIV positive and HIV negative patients. Staphylococcus aureus was the most commonly isolated organism in both groups. We conclude that septic arthritis in HIV infected iv drug users is not uncommon, it is produced by the same organisms and presents similar characteristics to the ones found in iv drug users without HIV infection. Therefore, the presence of HIV infection does not appear to modify the characteristics of septic arthritis.
J Rheumatol 1992 Dec
PMID:Septic arthritis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome with human immunodeficiency virus infection. 129 47

In this paper we extend our explanation of a model for the dynamics of the interaction between HIV and the cells of the immune system (Nowak et al., 1990). We show that the Simpson index of viral diversity is a Lyapunov function for a simplified version of this model. We also present a more general mathematical characterization of the nature of the diversity threshold exhibited by the model, including for the first time heterogeneity in parameters like virus replication rate, cytopathicity and antigenicity. The more general diversity threshold condition includes the different contributions of strains with higher replication rates and cytopathicities or strains that are only weakly recognized by the immune system. This leads to some new insights and a more detailed understanding of why the viral diversity falls once the diversity threshold is exceeded.
J Theor Biol 1992 Dec 07
PMID:Coexistence and competition in HIV infections. 129 94

A prevalence of 12.8% for anti-HIV-1 and a prevalence of 16.8% for anti-syphilis antibodies was found in 359 gynaecological inpatients admitted in the Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Muhimbili University College of Health Sciences from 1988 to 1990. The highest HIV prevalence (17.3%) was observed in the youngest age group (14-20 years), whereas the highest syphilis prevalence (22.2%) was found in the oldest age group (> 45 years). Infections with HIV and syphilis were both significantly associated with variables related to sexual behaviour, such as marital status, age at first intercourse and number of sexual partners in the past ten years. After adjustment for these common risk variables linked to sexual behaviour, syphilis infection was still associated with a more than twofold higher risk of HIV infection (odds ratio (OR) = 2.60, p = 0.02) and trichomonas vaginalis infection with a nearly threefold higher risk (OR = 2.96, p < 0.001). These data characterize patients at risk for HIV infection among inpatients of a gynaecological department in East Africa, and indicate that effective measures to prevent sexually transmitted disease may reduce HIV transmission.
East Afr Med J 1992 Dec
PMID:Risk factors for HIV infection in gynaecological inpatients in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, 1988-1990. 129 34

Health-related quality of life (QOL) is an important component of the evaluation of patient outcome in HIV infection where disease is progressive and debilitating. This paper compares patient-reported QOL obtained from questionnaires which cover functional ability, social functioning, cognition, mental health, disability days, disease symptoms, and overall health in the previous 3 months. These scales have been validated on HIV populations. We compared changes in health status over 12 months for 669 patients with varying HIV disease severity: 134 asymptomatic, 416 symptomatic (previously termed ARC), and 119 AIDS. Groups were evaluated at baseline for demographic and health status differences (i.e., age, CD4+). Declines in health status and psychosocial status were found over the year for all persons. Individuals with symptomatic disease or AIDS had significant declines of 10-20% (p < 0.001) in all aspects of role functioning (social, daily activities, energy, and global health) and increased disease symptoms, but no significant declines in cognition or mental health. Persons with AIDS had greater declines than those with symptomatic disease. AIDS and symptomatic patients also reported significantly fewer hours at work and more disability days than asymptomatic patients. The impact that HIV disease has on the health status of non-AIDS symptomatic patients is especially striking.
Qual Life Res 1992 Dec
PMID:Changes in quality of life among persons with HIV infection. 129 68


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