Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019693 (HIV)
 170,526 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The synthesis of the title compound is described through original and tailored synthetic protocols. The addition of vinylmagnesium bromide to CF(3)-N-aryl and N-alkyl aldimines was efficient and did not require an activating N-substituent. The resultant CF3-allylamines were converted in an efficient and completely stereoselective route to syn CF3-epoxides 3 via formation of bromhydrins 8. The same sequence performed from the aldimine substituted with the methyl ether of the (R)-phenylglycinol provided the homochiral (R,R)-amino epoxide (de >98%). This study has allowed access to the novel racemic and homochiral trifluoromethyl beta-amino epoxides, analogues of key precursors of various HIV protease inhibitors.
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PMID:Analogues of key precursors of aspartyl protease inhibitors: synthesis of trifluoromethyl amino epoxides. 1565 23

Novel acyclic nucleoside analogues were designed and synthesized as open-chain analogues of neplanocin A. The coupling of the allylic bromide with pyrimidine bases using cesium carbonate afforded a series of novel acyclic nucleosides. The synthesized compounds 15-22 were evaluated for their antiviral activity against various viruses such as HIV, HSV-1, HSV-2, and HCMV.
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PMID:Concise synthesis and antiviral activity of novel unsaturated acyclic pyrimidine nucleosides. 1582 21

Gateways to Clinical Trials is a guide to the most recent clinical trials reported in current literature and congresses. The data in the following tables have been retrieved from the Clinical Trials Knowledge Area of Prous Science Integrity, the drug discovery and development portal, http://integrity.prous.com. This issue focuses on the following selection of drugs:[188Re]-HDD; A-179578, adalimumab, AK-602, albumin interferon alfa, alfimeprase, amelubant, anakinra, anti-CD2 MAb, APD-356, aripiprazole, atvogen; Bimatoprost, bimosiamose, BLP-25, brivaracetam; Caspofungin acetate, cilansetron, CMV vaccine (bivalent), conivaptan hydrochloride, Cypher; Darbepoetin alfa, darifenacin hydrobromide, D-D4FC, decitabine, dnaJP1, doranidazole, dronedarone hydrochloride; Efalizumab, efaproxiral sodium, emtricitabine, Endeavor, entecavir, erlotinib hydrochloride, escitalopram oxalate, etoricoxib, etravirine, ezetimibe; Fampridine, fenretinide, ferumoxtran-10, forodesine hydrochloride; Gantacurium chloride, gemi-floxacin mesilate, Glyminox, GW-501516; HBV-ISS, hepavir B, human insulin, HuMax-CD20, hyaluronic acid, HyCAMP; Icatibant, IDEA-070, IGN-311, imatinib mesylate, insulin detemir, insulin glargine, insulin glulisine; Lapatinib, lasofoxifene tartrate, LB-80380, liarozole fumarate, liposome encapsulated doxorubicin, lumiracoxib, LY-570310; MC-1, melatonin, merimepodib, metanicotine, midostaurin; Natalizumab, nicotine conjugate vaccine, NYVAC-HIV C; Patupilone, peginterferon alfa-2a, peginterferon alfa-2b, peginterferon alfa-2b/ribavirin, pelitinib, Peru-15, pexelizumab, PHP, pimecrolimus, prednisolone sodium metasulfobenzoate; Recombinant alfa1-antitrypsin (AAT), retigabine, rHA influenza vaccine, rifalazil, rofecoxib, rosiglitazone maleate/Metformin hydrochloride, rostaporfin, rosuvastatin calcium, rubitecan; Selenite sodium, semilente insulin, SMP-797, sorafenib; Talampanel, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, TER-199, tiotropium bromide, torcetrapib, treprostinil sodium, TTA; ValboroPro, valdecoxib, val-mCyd, valtorcitabine dihydrochloride: XP-828L.
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PMID:Gateways to clinical trials. 1583 59

Gateways to Clinical Trials is a guide to the most recent clinical trials in current literature and congresses. The data in the following tables have been retrieved from the Clinical Trials Knowledge Area of Prous Science Integrity, the drug discovery and development portal, http://integrity.prous.com. This issue focuses on the following selection of drugs: Abiraterone acetate, acyline, adalimumab, adenosine triphosphate, AEE-788, AIDSVAX gp120 B/B, AK-602, alefacept, alemtuzumab, alendronic acid sodium salt, alicaforsen sodium, alprazolam, amdoxovir, AMG-162, aminolevulinic acid hydrochloride, aminolevulinic acid methyl ester, aminophylline hydrate, anakinra, anecortave acetate, anti-CTLA-4 MAb, APC-8015, aripiprazole, aspirin, atazanavir sulfate, atomoxetine hydrochloride, atorvastatin calcium, atrasentan, AVE-5883, AZD-2171; Betamethasone dipropionate, bevacizumab, bimatoprost, biphasic human insulin (prb), bortezomib, BR-A-657, BRL-55730, budesonide, busulfan; Calcipotriol, calcipotriol/betamethasone dipropionate, calcium folinate, capecitabine, capravirine, carmustine, caspofungin acetate, cefdinir, certolizumab pegol, CG-53135, chlorambucil, ciclesonide, ciclosporin, cisplatin, clofarabine, clopidogrel hydrogensulfate, clozapine, co-trimoxazole, CP-122721, creatine, CY-2301, cyclophosphamide, cypher, cytarabine, cytolin; D0401, darbepoetin alfa, darifenacin hydrobromide, DASB, desipramine hydrochloride, desloratadine, desvenlafaxine succinate, dexamethasone, didanosine, diquafosol tetrasodium, docetaxel, doxorubicin hydrochloride, drotrecogin alfa (activated), duloxetine hydrochloride, dutasteride; Ecallantide, efalizumab, efavirenz, eletriptan, emtricitabine, enfuvirtide, enoxaparin sodium, estramustine phosphate sodium, etanercept, ethinylestradiol, etonogestrel, etonogestrel/ethinylestradiol, etoposide, exenatide; Famciclovir, fampridine, febuxostat, filgrastim, fludarabine phosphate, fluocinolone acetonide, fluorouracil, fluticasone propionate, fluvastatin sodium, fondaparinux sodium; Gaboxadol, gamma-hydroxybutyrate sodium, gefitinib, gelclair, gemcitabine, gemfibrozil, glibenclamide, glyminox; Haloperidol, heparin sodium, HPV 16/HPV 18 vaccine, human insulin, human insulin; Icatibant, imatinib mesylate, indium 111 (111In) ibritumomab tiuxetan, infliximab, INKP-100, iodine (I131) tositumomab, IoGen, ipratropium bromide, ixabepilone; L-870810, lamivudine, lapatinib, laquinimod, latanoprost, levonorgestrel, licochalcone a, liposomal doxorubicin, lopinavir, lopinavir/ritonavir, lorazepam, lovastatin; Maraviroc, maribavir, matuzumab, MDL-100907, melphalan, methotrexate, methylprednisolone, mitomycin, mitoxantrone hydrochloride, MK-0431, MN-001, MRKAd5 HIV-1 gag/pol/nef, MRKAd5gag, MVA.HIVA, MVA-BN Nef, MVA-Muc1-IL-2, mycophenolate mofetil; Nelfinavir mesilate, nesiritide, NSC-330507; Olanzapine, olmesartan medoxomil, omalizumab, oral insulin, osanetant; PA-457, paclitaxel, paroxetine, paroxetine hydrochloride, PCK-3145, PEG-filgrastim, peginterferon alfa-2a, peginterferon alfa-2b, perillyl alcohol, pexelizumab, pimecrolimus, pitavastatin calcium, porfiromycin, prasterone, prasugrel, pravastatin sodium, prednisone, pregabalin, prinomastat, PRO-2000, propofol, prostate cancer vaccine; Rasagiline mesilate, rhBMP-2/ACS, rhBMP-2/BCP, rhC1, ribavirin, rilpivirine, ritonavir, rituximab, Ro-26-9228, rosuvastatin calcium, rosuvastatin sodium, rubitecan; Selodenoson, simvastatin, sirolimus, sitaxsentan sodium, sorafenib, SS(dsFv)-PE38, St. John's Wort extract, stavudine; Tacrolimus, tadalafil, tafenoquine succinate, talaglumetad, tanomastat, taxus, tegaserod maleate, telithromycin, tempol, tenofovir, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, testosterone enanthate, TH-9507, thalidomide, tigecycline, timolol maleate, tiotropium bromide, tipifarnib, torcetrapib, trabectedin, travoprost, travoprost/timolol, treprostinil sodium; Valdecoxib, vardenafil hydrochloride hydrate, varenicline, VEGF-2 gene therapy, venlafaxine hydrochloride, vildagliptin, vincristine sulfate, voriconazole, VRX-496, VX-385; Warfarin sodium; Ximelagatran; Yttrium 90 (90Y) ibritumomab tiuxetan; Zanolimumab, zidovudine.
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PMID:Gateways to clinical trials. 1608 22

Novel anomeric branched carbocyclic nucleosides were synthesized from 1,3-dihydroxy acetone. 4'-Hydroxymethyl was installed by [3,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement reaction and 1'-methyl group was introduced by carbonyl addition of methylmagnesium bromide. The coupling of nucleosidic bases and desilylation afforded a series of novel nucleosides. The synthesized compounds 16-19 were evaluated for their antiviral activity against HIV-1, HSV-1, HSV-2, and EMCV. Compounds 16 and 19 exhibit toxicity non-related to any anti-HIV-1 activity.
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PMID:Synthesis and antiviral activity of novel anomeric branched carbocyclic nucleosides. 1627 62

Quantification of cell-free virus in plasma is important for monitoring disease progression and for assessing the response to antiretroviral therapy in both human immunodeficiency type 1 and type 2 (HIV-1, HIV-2) infections. Although commercial assays suitable for HIV-1 quantification have been used for more than a decade, no commercial assays are yet available for the measurement of cell-free HIV-2. We have therefore developed a novel real-time RT-PCR assay which, unlike previously described 'in house' assays, incorporates a Brome Mosaic Virus (BMV) internal control to minimise the risk of generating false-negative or falsely low results due to unrecognised problems with viral RNA purification, cDNA synthesis or PCR amplification. The assay has a dynamic range of >5 log10, detects the clinically important HIV-2 subtypes A and B with high sensitivity and shows no cross reactivity with HIV-1. The 95% detection limit is approximately 100 HIV-2 RNA copies/ml and both the inter-assay and intra-assay variability are low (CV% at 1.8 x 10(5) copies/ml, 13.3% and 5.7%, respectively). Overall, plasma HIV-2 RNA was detected in 38% of 167 unselected HIV-2 antibody-positive samples analysed over a 2 year period. The assay described provides an ideal system for studying viral replication in HIV-2 infected patients and for monitoring antiretroviral therapy.
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PMID:Development and evaluation of a real-time RT-PCR assay for quantification of cell-free human immunodeficiency virus type 2 using a Brome Mosaic Virus internal control. 1656 26

Novel acyclic nucleoside analogues were designed and synthesized as open-chain analogues of neplanocin A. The coupling of the allylic bromide with purine bases using cesium carbonate afforded a series of novel acyclic nucleosides. The synthesized compounds Ia-II were evaluated for their antiviral activity against various viruses such as HIV HSV-1, HSV-2, and ECMV.
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PMID:Synthesis and antiviral evaluation of novel open-chain analogues of neplanocin A. 1662 27

In these study, novel acyclic (E)-bromovinyl nucleosides were synthesized as potential antiviral agents. The coupling of the allylic bromide 9 with bases (thymine, uracil, 5-fluorouracil, 5-iodouracil, cytosine, adenine) afforded a series of novel acyclic nucleosides. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their antiviral activity against various viruses such as HIV-1, HSV-1, HSV-2, and HCMV. 5-Iodouracil analogue 19 showed weak anti-HIV-1 activity.
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PMID:Simple synthesis of novel acyclic (e)-bromovinyl nucleosides as potential antiviral agents. 1690 20

The purpose of this work was to determine the influence of liposomal solubilization of poorly water soluble drugs exhibiting apical efflux on permeation kinetics and cell toxicity in Caco-2 cells. The HIV-protease inhibitors indinavir and saquinavir were incorporated in phosphatidylcholine liposomes at maximal drug-to-lipid mass ratios and their absorption was determined in Caco-2 cell cultures grown on Transwell inserts using purely aqueous drug solutions as reference. A novel mathematical model was developed to quantitatively delineate the contribution of passive membrane permeation and carrier mediated efflux to transport across the cell monolayer and passive permeability coefficient and maximal efflux rate and affinity constant of the transporter system were determined. Cell toxicity of phospholipids was evaluated by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay. Cell integrity was not significantly affected by phospholipid concentrations of up to 150 mg/ml with respect to the used standard tests. Maximum drug concentration was increased 10- and 750-fold for indinavir and saquinavir, respectively, by the use of liposomes. The passive membrane permeability coefficient differed between the two drugs in accordance with their lipophilicity and the affinity for apical efflux transporters was on average 4-fold greater for saquinavir than for indinavir. Liposomal solubilization diminished the passive permeability coefficient of both drugs but the passive apical-to-basal delivery rate was increased by the liposomes compared to the purely aqueous solutions at maximal donor concentrations for at least one of the two drugs. Efflux rate reached a maximum for the liposomal formulations reflecting transporter saturation. Hence, liposomal solubilization considerably increased drug concentration in the media and altered absorption behavior by affecting both the passive diffusion and the carrier mediated efflux components of cell monolayer permeation.
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PMID:Absorption of poorly water soluble drugs subject to apical efflux using phospholipids as solubilizers in the Caco-2 cell model. 1707 Oct 65

In this study, the synthesis procedures of 2'-branched carbovir analogues were accomplished. The introduction of a methyl group in the requisite 2'-position was carried out by the addition of a carbonyl using isopropenyl magnesium bromide. The desired compound, cyclopentenol 10(beta), was synthesized via ring-closing metathesis using a second-generation Grubbs' catalyst. The nucleosidic bases (adenine, cytosine, thymine, uracil, 5-fluorouracil and 5-iodouracil) were efficiently coupled using a Pd (0) catalyst. When the synthesized compounds were examined for their activity against several viruses, including HIV-1, HSV-1, HSV-2 and HCMV, the 5-iodouracil analogue, 23, exhibited significant anti-HCMV activity.
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PMID:Synthesis of novel 2'-methyl carbovir analogues as potent antiviral agents. 1736 31


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