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Query: UMLS:C0019693 (HIV)
 170,526 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This study determined the frequency of multiple viral (HIV-1, HHV-6, and CMV) infections in 26 retinas from 16 AIDS patients. Of the 12 retinas of 26 that tested positive for HIV-1 DNA sequences, seven also were positive for HHV-6 DNA sequences. Four of these seven retinas were culture positive for HIV-1 and two of the four contained CMV DNA sequences and antigens. Using RNA probes, HIV-1 and HHV-6 transcriptional activity was demonstrated in two of the four HIV-1 culture positive retinas. These retinas also contained CMV DNA sequences and antigens. The results demonstrate that more than 35% of AIDS patients suffer from at least two simultaneous viral infections and 15% suffer from three viral infections. The presence of transcriptional activity of HIV-1 and HHV-6 suggests an active infection.
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1992 Sep
PMID:Transcriptional activity of HIV-1 and HHV-6 in retinal lesions from AIDS patients. 132 93

Serum samples from 20 human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)- and 30 HIV-2-infected and 7 dually infected individuals were reacted by using the indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and membrane fluorescence assay in order to determine whether these methods were useful for typing HIV-1 and HIV-2 antibodies. Although 41 of 50 (82%) of the HIV-1- and HIV-2-positive specimens cross-reacted to some extent with the heterologous antigen in the IFA, the antigen with the higher titer correlated completely with the infecting type. The IFA could not distinguish single from dual infections, however. In contrast, only 4 of the 50 (8%) serum samples cross-reacted in the membrane fluorescence test. All seven of the specimens from patients with mixed infections reacted with both antigens. The membrane fluorescence test appears to be reliable for serodifferentiation of HIV-1 and HIV-2 infections and may be useful for laboratories with low-volume typing requirements.
J Clin Microbiol 1992 Sep
PMID:Comparison of indirect immunofluorescence and membrane fluorescence assays for the differentiation of antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2. 132 85

This retrospective investigation of neurological deficits in 95 consecutive patients (77 men, mean age 35 years; 18 women, mean age 28 years) infected by the human immunodeficiency virus showed that 61% of the female and 47% of the male patients exhibited neurological deficits. In 18% of the total population neurological deficits were the initial sign of acquired immunodeficiency. In addition, we found that a history of headaches and the clinical finding of mental impairment as well as internistic symptoms were significantly correlated with neurological deficits. Patients suffering from cerebral toxoplasmosis developed mental impairment significantly more often than patients with central nervous symptoms of other etiogenesis. Furthermore, it was found that HIV-infected women manifested peripheral neuropathies more often than HIV-infected men. The overall mortality rate over the investigation period of 30 months was 28%. The results of our retrospective investigation indicate that HIV-infected patients have a high risk of developing lesions of the central and peripheral nervous system during the course of the disease. Various reasons might be responsible for these findings: neurotropy and metamorphosis of the human immunodeficiency virus, opportunistic infections and tumors, vitamin deficiencies, and a variety of diseases prior to HIV-infection.
Med Klin (Munich) 1992 Sep 15
PMID:[Neurological complications in 95 patients with HIV infection. A retrospective analysis of anamnestic and clinical data]. 132 30

In this brief article we report on two HIV-negative patients with documented oral hairy leukoplakia who had no known risk factors for HIV infection nor any evidence of other forms of immune suppression. Therefore we conclude that in some instances hairy leukoplakia can represent an isolated and innocuous Epstein-Barr virus infection.
Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1992 Sep
PMID:Incidental oral hairy leukoplakia in immunocompetent persons. A report of two cases. 132 83

Numerous publications have reviewed the oral manifestations of HIV infection and AIDS. Although uncommon, herpetic infections and histoplasmosis are among the diseases reported. The case that follows presents the first description of the simultaneous occurrence of oral herpes simplex virus, cytomegalovirus, and histoplasmosis in an HIV-infected person. These infections appeared as extensive oral ulcerations and were the only clinical manifestation of HIV infection. Eleven months after the initial presentation, the patient died of complications of AIDS.
Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1992 Sep
PMID:The simultaneous occurrence of oral herpes simplex virus, cytomegalovirus, and histoplasmosis in an HIV-infected patient. 132 84

9-(2-Phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine (PMEA; 1) was acylated with chloromethyl pivalate to afford bis(pivaloyloxymethyl) PMEA (2). The ester prodrug demonstrated enhanced in vitro potency against HSV-2 greater than 150-fold higher than the parent compound. The antiviral activity of 2 was 50-fold better than PMEA against HSV-1, and equipotent against HIV and HCMV. The toxicity of 2 was studied in both resting and growing cells.
Antiviral Res 1992 Sep
PMID:Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of a phosphonate prodrug: bis(pivaloyloxymethyl) 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine. 133 6

Direct condensation of 2-deoxy-D-ribose (1) with mercaptans using the P4O10/H2O/Bu3N reagent in chloroform resulted in coupling at C-3 to give the anomeric mixtures of the corresponding pentopyranoses 2 and pentofuranoses 3. After acetylation with acetic anhydride in dry pyridine of these 3-alkylthio pentofuranoses, coupling with the nucleobases uracil, thymine, and cytosine in accordance with the Friedel-Crafts catalyzed silyl Hilbert-Johnson method yielded the acetylated D-erythro nucleosides 7 as anomeric mixtures, separable only by means of chromatography either before or after deprotection with ammonia. The nucleosides 8a-e were devoid of any activity against HSV-1 and HIV-1.
Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 1992 Sep
PMID:Synthesis of 3'-alkylthio-2',3'-dideoxy nucleosides with potential anti-HIV activity from 2-deoxy-D-ribose, using a phosphorus pentoxide reagent. 133 47

Obstetrician-gynecologists and chemists analyzed data on midcycle cervical mucus samples from normally cycling women attending the infertility clinic at the University Hospital of South Manchester, England, to determine the ability of nonoxynol-9 to diffuse into the mucus, thereby testing its spermicidal activity. They used the double diffusion test. They compared diffusion depths of radiolabelled nonoxynol-9 at 120 minutes with those of D-glucose, an uncharged small molecule. They compared the depths of these 2 methods with those of controls containing Tyrode's solution. Migration of spermatozoa in 6 nonoxynol-9 rectangular capillaries was greater than the Tyrode controls, lower in 5 capillaries, and the same in 9 capillaries. Thus, no difference in spermatozoal penetration into midcycle cervical mucus existed between nonoxynol-9 and Tyrode's solution. Further, a 62% concentration of D-glucose was evident in the 1st 5 mm of the cervical mucus column at 2 hours and the concentration fell exponentially. The chemists cold still detect D-glucose at 30 mm at 2 hours. On the other hand, they detected nonoxynol-9 at a 6 times lower concentration than D-glucose in the 1st 5 mm at 2 hours, but could not detect it beyond 5 mm. This meant that, in vivo, only 10% of nonoxynol-9 would be in the interfacial zone of the cervical mucus and not at greater depths. If these results hold true, the ability of nonoxynol-9 to act as a contraceptive and a means to destroy HIV would be limited in the upper genital tract and the cervix. In conclusion, nonoxynol-9's spermicidal activity in midcycle cervical mucus is considerably lower than it is in free solution.
Contraception 1992 Sep
PMID:Compatibility between the spermicide nonoxynol 9 and mid-cycle human cervical mucus. 133 87

The responsibility of HIV in the occurrence of AIDS is definitely established, but "cofactors" are strongly suspected to intervene, which would explain the difference courses followed by the disease in one patient or the other. Some of these cofactors are related to the host or result from his behaviour. Thus, age at the time of HIV acquisition and the patient's HLA group are associated with differences in the speed of progression towards AIDS. Attitudes that lead to reexposure to the virus by the sexual or intravenous routes shorten the duration of the asymptomatic phase. Other cofactors are environmental in nature. Among the infectious agents, cytomegalovirus and some mycoplasmas have been the object of the most through studies. The responsibility of some physicochemical substances, such as cocaine, vitamin D and corticosteroids, acting as cofactors of increasing severity, mostly rests on data obtained in vitro and need clinical confirmation in man. However, the study of cofactors already seems to be a promising line of research aimed at understanding AIDS and hence its therapeutic approach.
Presse Med 1992 Sep 19
PMID:[HIV cofactors in the course of AIDS]. 133 99

The biochemical mechanisms underlying blood lymphoid cell genome destabilization in patients with HIV infection have been analyzed. Lymphocytes from HIV patients are characterized by increasing intensity of free radical oxidation together with activation of the xanthine oxidase D-form conversion into the O-form, enhanced activity of UV-endonuclease, and intensification of prooxidant-induced proteolysis. These changes increasing with the progress of the disease with a maximum at the AIDS stage form a metabolic basis for labilization of the lymph cell genome. The degree of biochemical manifestations of genome instability (levels of chromatin degradation products and intensity of formation of one-filament nicks of DNA) increase in the dynamics of HIV-infection. The data obtained are discussed in terms of the author's conception on the origin of AIDS from retroposons (retrotransposons?). A hypothesis is postulated on accumulation of autonomous genetic information on the basis of genome labilization under the influence of genotoxic factors. Clinico-biochemical data on the appearance of HIV proteins (p17, p24) in the blood of patients (previously negative for all HIV markers) in the presence of transfusions of HIV-negative blood and UV-irradiation of the autoblood are also discussed from this standpoint.
Biokhimiia 1992 Sep
PMID:[Genomic instability and AIDS]. 133 9


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