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This paper describes an innovative strategy implemented by the TRANSEX Plus Project (TPP) in Papua New Guinea. TPP was created as a response by the government to the rapid increase of HIV-infected individuals throughout the country as reported by the ethnographic study that was conducted in 1994. Since TPP is an intervention research project, it utilized the peer education approach to educate transport workers and sex workers to become peer educators in HIV/AIDS and sexually transmitted disease prevention. Also, the peer education approach helps sustain any positive behavior change by providing the information to maintain the change. The activities carried out by the program, proved to be successful as indicated by the behavioral change that took place among the target groups by the increased condom use and increased visits to the project center.
Pac AIDS Alert Bull 2000
PMID:Papua New Guinea: an innovative strategy to raise self-esteem of sex workers in Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea, and to promote safer sex practices with clients. 1229 72

This paper looks at the effectiveness of peer education among the wheelbarrow boys in Suva, Fiji, and whether it had an effect on their sexual behavior. The peer education program began in February 1998 in response to evidence concerning the vulnerability of wheelbarrow boys to HIV/AIDS and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). 8 peer educators who conducted outreach in nightclubs, bars, street corners, amusement centers, taxi stands, and brothels talked to these vulnerable young sexually active people about sex and their knowledge of HIV/AIDS and STDs. The 2 focus groups of 14 participants highlighted the use of condoms to prevent the spread of HIV, and disseminated correct knowledge on how the virus spreads. After many group sessions, issues of sexual health began to unfold and they began to realize the importance of addressing such issues openly. In addition, in-depth information enabling the wheelbarrow boys to make informed choices about their sexual health was consistently disseminated. Such successes have been achieved as a result of the relationship which was developed and sustained over the past 12 months. It was noted that outreach to any vulnerable group is always possible as long as ongoing support, respect, and collaboration is provided.
Pac AIDS Alert Bull 2000
PMID:Fiji: peer education among wheelbarrow boys in Suva. 1229 74

Tessie Soi, Senior Medical Social Worker at the Port Moresby General Hospital, Papua New Guinea, discusses the HIV/AIDS counseling and home care services given to HIV/AIDS patients and their families. Recounting her first experience with an HIV-positive patient in 1989, she acknowledged the importance of love, care, support and understanding when tending to patients. The Social Work Department offers pre- and post-test follow up and counseling, as well as home visits to those patients too weak to come to the hospital. Concentrating on patients who are suspected to be HIV-positive, the department prepares the patient for the final diagnosis of the illness. It is noted that preparing them can prolong their lives. Over the years, the department conducted funding and awareness campaigns, collaborations, as well as training activities for the improvement of health care services. Future plans of the department prioritize the care of people living with HIV/AIDS that are admitted to the wards of the hospital.
Pac AIDS Alert Bull 2000
PMID:Papua New Guinea: HIV / AIDS counselling and homecare for patients families living with HIV / AIDS at the Port Moresby General Hospital. 1229 75

This article traces the experience of the first 2 years of managing the Solidarite SIDA toll-free telephone hotline service, including the services offered, the training needed for those answering the calls, statistics on those using the service, and the types of questions asked. SIDA was established in May 1996 as a support network. The goals of Solidarite SIDA have been encouraging contacts and the exchange of information; defending and promoting the rights and dignity of the people living with HIV and AIDS, their families, and friends; and sharing experiences with official organizations and other associations. The SOS AIDS telephone hotline was opened on December 1, 1996, to provide a sympathetic ear and to give information, advice and moral support to callers and to document the problems. Overall, it is noted that majority who utilize the services are young Melanesians who require information most often related to HIV transmission and its preventative measures. It is also indicated that the free phone is a source of advice and support with regard to worries connected to sexuality. In view of this, more advertising is necessary and documentation of calls should be continued in order to provide statistics to official institutions and other associations who work in HIV and AIDS. The expansion of the program is projected.
Pac AIDS Alert Bull 2000
PMID:New Caledonia: Solidarite SIDA - telephone hot-line. 1229 76

Population organizations have a particular interest in adolescents' reproductive health, with emphasis on the prevention of early pregnancy. It is essential that information, education, and communication (IEC) and service personnel have a clear picture of the persons most affected by them. 1) The group that is easiest to identify is made up of adolescents who are in school. One obvious way to reach them is through the school system. This particular group may be subdivided again, into those who are at risk of early pregnancy and those who are not. Adolescents who are in school and at risk of pregnancy will need special attention. In addition to class work, individual counseling may have an impact. Appropriate school personnel and peer counsellors will be needed in order to enhance communication with adolescents who need guidance. Also, health services should provide contraceptives, sexually transmitted diseases/HIV and other reproductive-related screening and treatment as well as prenatal care for those adolescents who are pregnant. 2) A second major subgrouping is made up of married adolescents. The health risks associated with young maternal age are present whether or not the young mother is married. 3) Those couples who are living together without a marriage license pose a more formidable challenge than the other two groups because they are less easy to identify. Outreach workers can also work with couples in union, especially difficult-to-reach unmarried, out-of-school adolescents. 4) Others sexually active may be students and street children. Each of these four main categories of adolescents offers an entry point for IEC. Two types of data are needed: one to give an overview of the number of births to adolescents and/or ages-specific fertility rate; the second, to physically locate the individuals/couples in need of attention through clinic records, community surveys, or censuses.
Popul Educ Asia Pac Newsl Forum 1995
PMID:Approaches to adolescents: audience-specific strategies. Guidelines from UNFPA. 1231 65

Based on previous experience UNFPA/ILO Projects in Asia, Middle East and Africa, it can be affirmed that men all tend to be interested in learning about sexual matters and contraception. Cultural sensitivity of motivational messages is to some extent ensured by the use of peer educators so men are talking to similar men. Entertaining stories, which can be presented in many ways (flip-charts, audio cassettes, theater groups, puppets, videos), are a good way of stimulating discussion. A scenario developed by a UNFPA/ILO project with cooperatives in rural Niger, for example, emphasizes how a father feels proud when his three children are well dressed and fed. Women's health can be seriously impaired by frequent and closely spaced pregnancies, which affects their ability to cope with existing children and domestic chores. Although they may feel that contraceptive use is the women's problem since most methods apply to women, the majority of men feel that they should be the ones who decide whether to use them or not. Lack of communication between husband and wife as it concerns sexual relations, birth spacing and family size is a major barrier to joint decision-making in many countries. In the Philippines some companies have been inviting spouses to meetings as they feel this generates greater interest and makes behavior change more likely. The Zimbabwe Confederation of Trade Unions has concluded that its HIV prevention activities targeting men and women as individuals were less effective than couples' workshops. In contrast, the Organisation Syndicale des Travailleurs du Cameroun experienced difficulties with mixed groups discussing sexual matters as the women seemed to be embarrassed to talk. In any case, there are numerous nonsexual family issues that can be usefully addressed.
Popul Educ Asia Pac Newsl Forum 1995
PMID:Content of educational programmes for men. 1231 66

The collaborative efforts of the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare of the Indian Government, the Indian Council of Medical Research, and the State Government Health Services have produced a sero-surveillance program for HIV infection in India. Through mid-October, 1987, the program's 36 surveillance centers identified 145 seropositive individuals, and 13 with AIDS, out of a total screened pool of 56,934 considered to be at high-risk of HIV infection. 2/3 male, and 20-30 years, screened individuals were largely blood donors and heterosexually promiscuous men and women seen at STD clinics. Relatively few prostitutes, homosexuals, and IV-drug users have been tested. Health education, counseling, and periodic health check-ups are stressed for all asymptomatic, sero-positive individuals. Overall, sero-surveillance suggests a low prevalence of HIV infection in India even among high risk groups. Heterosexual transmission is the main mode of infection in India, with perinatal exposure to HIV, and transfusions also documented as transmission sources. The screening of blood products for HIV antibodies has been made mandatory by the government of India.
Virus Inf Exch Newsl South East Asia West Pac 1988 Apr
PMID:Sero-surveillance for HIV infection in India. 1234 55

HIV infection had been diagnosed in thirteen Pacific Island countries/territories by January 1994. The cumulative reported number of HIV cases is 458, with 165 AIDS cases spread over eleven countries/territories. The number of AIDS cases per 100,000 people in Pacific Island countries increased by 500% between 1989-93. Guam, New Caledonia, and French Polynesia report the highest rates of HIV infection. The South Pacific Commission's epidemiologist holds that the number of HIV/AIDS cases in the Pacific Islands is increasing at an alarming rate and notes the 29% increase in the number of notified AIDS cases in the region since December 31, 1993, compared to the same period in 1992. Under-reporting of HIV/AIDS cases in the region means that the situation is probably even worse that we know. An epidemic of truly disastrous proportion will result if rates of HIV infection continue to climb.
Pac AIDS Alert Bull 1994
PMID:Rate of increase of AIDS alarming. 1234 52

Some argue that using condoms is religiously unacceptable. Arrow, a non-profit nongovernmental organization in Guam dealing with AIDS issues, however, directly opposes this view. There is no risk of HIV transmission through sexual intercourse without condoms between sex partners who have been mutually monogamous for at least the past ten years, who have not shared unsterilized injectable drug paraphernalia with others, and who have not had a blood transfusion before 1987. Sexual intercourse without a condom under other circumstances may hold the risk of infecting or being infected with HIV. Many sexually active people lead healthy, fruitful lives in which they have sex with multiple partners and outside of the bounds of marriage. People who argue against condom use on religious or moral grounds are uninformed, ignorant, and simply wrong. Correct and consistent condom use can prevent the transmission of HIV and save lives. Even though they may occasionally fail, condoms tend to be reliable and effective in preventing the transmission of many sexually transmitted diseases.
Pac AIDS Alert Bull 1994
PMID:Condom failure and fornication. 1234 53

Dr. Passingan Usurup tells critics of his pragmatic approach on condom promotion that he is a Christian carrying condoms for Christ. He is head of the University of Papua New Guinea Medical Center and is credited with developing an AIDS/HIV policy for the Papua New Guinea Defence Force. The condoms were named Goomy and promoted at launching in 1992 in a blue packet under the slogan "The bond that guards." Goomy was chosen as the name because it is pidgin for rubber, chewing gum, and anything associated with rubber. Blue packets were chosen over the calls of most soldiers for a camouflage design because of its universal appeal as the color of the sea and sky and because it was the preference of women in the airlines. Once firmly ensconced in his role at the University, Usurup plans to develop a policy for students and staff and help to conduct AIDS prevention and education activities on campus. He will encourage students to test for HIV rather than highlighting the gloom and doom of infection and disease.
Pac AIDS Alert Bull 1994
PMID:"Christian carrying goomies". 1234 55


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