Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019693 (HIV)
 170,526 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Parvovirus B19, a non-enveloped single stranded DNA virus is distributed worldwide. Sero-prevalence in adult populations amounts to approximately 50%. Clinical manifestations vary depending on the Immune status of the infected individuals and may include mild childhood Infection as well as hydrops fetalis due to intrauterine infection. To determine the prevalence of this infection among the immunocompromized individuals in Thailand, we determined, by indirect ELISA, levels of IgM and IgG antibodies to the parvovirus B19 in 106 immunocompromized children. These included 49 children who were on chemotherapy for treatment of malignancies, 18 who were receiving immunosuppressive drugs after organ transplantations, 14 who were under a regimen of corticosteroids and 25 who were positive for antibodies to HIV. The average prevalence of IgG antibodies in 106 children was 16.0%; the prevalence of antibodies was 33.3% in post-transplanted group, 16% in children positive for HIV, 12.2% in the group receiving chemotherapy for malignancies and 7.6% in the group treated with corticosteroids. All children were negative for IgM antibodies to parvovirus B19.
Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol 2000 Sep
PMID:Parvovirus B19 antibodies in immunocompromized children in Thailand. 1127 Apr 72

Neither the seroprevalence of HIV-2 nor the sensitivity of enzyme immunoassays for the detection of antibodies to this retrovirus have been defined in Thailand. We, therefore, Investigated these enigmas using banked sera previously screened for HIV-1 by a test that did not distinguish between HIV-1 and HIV-2. All 1,013 HIV-seroreactive specimens were positive to HIV-1 on retesting, and 740 (73%) were reactive to both HIV-1 and HIV-2. The thirty-six samples that reacted with HIV-2 at a titer of > or = 1:4,096 were further tested to discriminate between HIV-1 and HIV-2 by immunoblot assays incorporating HIV-2 recombinant proteins. One specimen was untypeable, but all others were determined to be HIV-1. Seventy-three percent of sera from Thai HIV-1 infected subjects cross-reacted with HIV-2, but not a single case of HIV-2 infection could be confirmed. The finding suggests low prevalence of HIV-2 infection in Thailand and that current testing for HIV-2 antibody is not necessary in Thai population.
Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol 2000 Dec
PMID:HIV-2 infection in Thailand. 1131 46

The HIV-1 prime boost phase I/II vaccine trial using a recombinant canarypox vector, vCP1521, containing subtype E env (gp120), and subtype B env (gp41), gag and protease has started in Thailand. We have demonstrated that although 4 from 15 human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) seronegative Individuals showed cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses to vaccinia virus antigens, none of them showed specific CTL responses to subtype E Env after in vitro stimulation. This preliminary study suggests that specific CTL responses to subtype E envelope detected in HIV-1 seronegative Individuals after vaccination should be considered as specific responses to the immunization.
Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol 2001 Mar
PMID:Cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses to vaccinia virus antigens but not HIV-1 subtype E envelope protein seen in HIV-1 seronegative Thais. 1149 95

A quantitative competitive nested PCR assay was developed for quantifying HIV-1 proviral DNA in clinical samples. A competitor DNA was constructed from a conserved region of the HIV-1 gag gene by deleting a sequence of 18 base pairs. We quantitated HIV-1 proviral DNA copy number in clinical samples. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 35 HIV-infected patients with a CD4 count range of 4-728 cell/mm3 were analyzed by this method. The copy numbers of HIV-1 DNA detected ranged between 518 to 67,340 copies per 10(6) CD4+ T-cells. The copy numbers correlated inversely with the CD4 counts.
Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol 2001 Mar
PMID:Quantitation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 DNA by competitive nested PCR assay. 1149 99

The objective of this study was to determine changes in Th1/Th2 cytokine production at the cellular level which occur during the progression of HIV-1 subtype E infection in Thai children born to HIV-1 subtype E infected mothers. Mitogen stimulated whole blood cultures from 12 uninfected and 27 HIV-1 subtype E infected Thai children were stained intracellularly with fluorescein labelled monoclonal antibodies against Interleukin (IL)-2 and IFN-gamma (Th1 cytokines) and IL-4 (Th2 cytokine). Additionally, co-staining of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells was performed. Results were analyzed by two and three color flow cytometry. The percentage of IFN-gamma expressing cells in CD4+ T cells was increased in HIV-1 subtype E infected Thai children with mild and moderate immunosuppression (Immunological categories 1 + 2, Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention (CDC) staging system, 1994). The percentages of IFN-gamma expression was continuously enhanced accompanied by remaining preserved in the proportion of IL-2 producing T cells in HIV-1 subtype E infected Thai children with severe immunosuppression (Immunological category 3, CDC staging system, 1994). The percentages of IFN-gamma expression was continuously augmented whereas the proportion of IL-2 producing T cells remained unchanged in HIV-1 subtype E infected Thai Children with severe immunosuppression (immunological category 3, CDC staging system, 1994). The percentage of Th2 cytokine producing cells within the CD4+ ad CD8+ T cells increased in HIV-1 subtype E infected individuals and showed a significant difference in HIV-1 subtype E infected Thai children with AIDS compared with uninfected infants. These results suggest that in vertically acquired HIV-1 infection with severe immunosuppression, the percentages of IL-2 producing CD4+ T cell was consistent but the percentages of IL-4 and IFN-gamma producing cell were increased. Similar results were found for CD8+ T cells in which IL-4 producing cells were increased in conjunction with a remaining in the number of IL-2 producing cells in HIV-1 subtype E infected Thai children. Thus, changes in the Th1 and Th2 cytokine pattern during HIV-1 infection may contribute to the prognosis of HIV disease in children.
Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol 2001 Jun
PMID:Flow cytometric detection of intracellular cytokines in peripheral blood of HIV-1 infected Thai children. 1169 17

We made reporter HIV-1 DNA constructs carrying green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene and exchangeable env of subtype E. The recombinant constructs were used to produce infectious reporter viruses, which induced infected cells to emit green fluorescent light and rendered them easily detectable at single cell level. Because the env in this construct can be easily exchanged, viruses with different antigenic epitopes can be made. We used these reporter viruses to set up a neutralizing antibody assay based on fluorescence reduction by flow cytometric measurement. The result of this new assay correlated with the standard infectivity reduction assay using primary isolates. Because this new assay is faster and much less costly than the standard assay using a p24 endpoint and can be performed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), it provides a useful tool for analysis of HIV-1 immune responses.
Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol 2001 Jun
PMID:Application of HIV-1-green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter viruses in neutralizing antibody assays. 1169 21

The self-organizing feature map (SOFM or SOM) neural network approach has been applied to a number of life sciences problems. In this paper, we apply SOFMs in predicting the resistance of the HIV virus to Saquinavir, an approved protease inhibitor. We show that a SOFM predicts resistance to Saquinavir with reasonable success based solely on the amino acid sequence of the HIV protease mutation. The best single network provided 69% coverage and 68% accuracy. We then combine a number of networks into various majority voting schemes. All of the combinations showed improved performance over the best single network, with an average of 85% coverage and 78% accuracy. Future research objectives are suggested based on these results.
Pac Symp Biocomput 2002
PMID:A SOFM approach to predicting HIV drug resistance. 1192 20

The potential factors of resistance to HIV-1 infection were investigated in 23 HIV discordantly infected couples, of each, one partner had HIV infection and the matched spouse was not infected. Both partners of the HIV discordant couples possessed comparable number of CD4+ cells expressing CCR5. Our study demonstrated that resistance to HIV-1 infection was not due to low level of HIV viral load in their infected-matched spouses. In addition, selective biological phenotype of HIV clinical isolates, which is indicative for risk of transmission, could not be determined in this study. However, we have demonstrated that the unknown genetic factor(s), and neutralizing antibody of broad and high activity could be taken into an account for resistance to HIV infection in the HIV discordant couples.
Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol 2001 Dec
PMID:Virological, immunological and host factors in HIV-1 discordant couples in Thailand. 1200 75

Serological evidence for Toxoplasma gondii infection in Thai pregnant women was investigated. One thousand six hundred and sixty-nine blood specimens were collected from 838 HIV-seropositive and 831 HIV-seronegative pregnant women attending the antenatal-care clinic at Siriraj Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand, during a two-year period. Toxoplasma IgG antibody was detected, using a solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in which the membrane protein p-30 was the predominant antigen. IgG positive sera were subsequently examined for IgM antibody by the capture antibody enzyme immunoassay. The IgG antibody was found in 450 (53.7%) HIV seropositive women and 44 (5.3%) non-HIV infected women, with a statistically significant difference (p < 0.0001). Three of the 450 HIV-seropositive and 2 of the 44 HIV-seronegative sera with IgG antibody were positive for IgM antibody against T. gondii. This result suggested that HIV seropositive pregnant women had a higher risk of Toxoplasma infection with increase exposure to their offspring.
Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol 2001 Dec
PMID:Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in HIV and non-HIV infected Thai pregnant women. 1200 80

The Colorado Court of Appeals reversed the action of a lower court, which dismissed a claim by the plaintiff, a student training to be a medical assistant, that his school's unauthorized testing of his blood for HIV had resulted in an intrusion upon seclusion under state law. The student had earlier confided information concerning his HIV status to an instructor, asking that the information remain confidential. Later, the student, along with his peers, agreed to submit to blood for rubella testing. The instructor asked the laboratory testing the blood to also run an HIV screen only on the HIV-infected student's blood. The court held that such an action was a violation of the student's privacy under both the theories of intrusion upon seclusion for improper appropriation of private information and the public disclosure of private facts. Furthermore, the court held that individuals have a privacy interest in their blood and the medical information that may be obtained from it: "Because personal information concerning a person's health may be obtained through one's blood, urine, and other bodily products, such products cannot be extracted from a person or initially tested without either consent or proper authorization."
Pac Rep Second Ser
PMID:Doe v. High-Tech Institute, Inc. 1204 Nov 26


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