Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019693 (HIV)
 170,526 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Virologic and seroimmunologic parameters were determined in 56 persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The provirus level varied from 10 to 100,000/10(6) CD4+ lymphocytes, and genomic HIV RNA was detectable in 39 of 56 patients at a relative concentration varying from 10 to greater than 250 copies/mL of serum. Provirus expressed as copies per 10(6) CD4+ lymphocytes and as circulating virus per milliliter of serum increased with disease progression and decrease of CD4+ cell concentration. The mean provirus concentration expressed per milliliter of blood varied little among categories of patients with various levels of CD4+ cells, but there was a progressive increase of circulating HIV genomic RNA. These virologic data suggest that during the course of HIV infection, an increasing proportion of the remaining CD4+ lymphocytes harbor the HIV genome and produce infectious virus. Finally, there was a marked correlation between increased provirus and genomic RNA concentration and three seroimmunologic markers: decrease in CD4+ cell count, p24 antigenemia, and disappearance of antibodies to HIV core antigen.
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PMID:Quantitation of human immunodeficiency virus provirus and circulating virus: relationship with immunologic parameters. 135 3

There have been three published cases of acquired immunodeficiency in which no evidence for infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) types 1 and 2 was found. We have identified five other individuals, from the New York City area (four who have known risk factors for HIV infection), with profound CD4 depletion and clinical syndromes consistent with definitions of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or AIDS-related complex. None had evidence of HIV-1, 2 infection, as judged by multiple serologies over several years, standard viral co-cultures for HIV p24 Gag antigen, and proviral DNA amplification by polymerase chain reaction.
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PMID:Acquired immunodeficiency without evidence of infection with human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2. 135 52

There are numerous reports of oral lesions in HIV-infected individuals. However, few correlate the oral lesions with laboratory parameters. This study examined oral candidiasis and hairy leukoplakia, the two most common HIV-associated oral lesions, in relation to T-cell counts, p24 core antigen levels and salivary flow rates. Oral mucosal examinations, immunologic and virologic studies and stimulated whole and parotid saliva flow rates were conducted on 135 (HIV+ = 102, HIV- = 33) homosexual or bisexual men. Results indicate that, among HIV-infected subjects, the odds of having oral candidiasis is 6 times (95% CI = 0.6-56.6) greater for subjects with T4 counts between 200-399 per mm3, and 23 times (95% CI = 2.8-193.0) greater for subjects with T4 counts less than 200/mm3 compared to subjects with T4 counts of 400/mm3 or greater. Subjects had an equal likelihood of having hairy leukoplakia at different levels of immunocompetence. The prevalence of oral candidiasis and hairy leukoplakia was higher among subjects with infectious virus in their serum, but was only statistically significant for hairy leukoplakia (p = 0.01).
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PMID:HIV-associated oral lesions; immunologic, virologic and salivary parameters. 135 94

There have been reported cases of long-term symptomless human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection, but it is not clear whether the benign course of infection was due to host, viral, or other unknown factors. During follow-up of subjects with transfusion-acquired HIV-1 infection in New South Wales, Australia, we identified a group of 6 subjects who had been infected through a single common donor. We were therefore able to study the contributions of various factors to the course of infection. Throughout follow-up (range 6.8-10.1 years after infection), 5 of the recipients and the donor (last follow-up 10.2 years after infection of the first recipient) remained clinically free of symptoms, with normal CD4 cell counts and no p24 antigenaemia. HIV-1 was isolated from only 1 recipient; the isolate did not induce syncytia in a SUPT1 co-culture assay and had a limited in-vitro host range. 1 infected recipient (who had received extensive immunosuppressive treatment for systemic lupus erythematosus) developed Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and died 4.3 years after infection. The frequency of progression to AIDS or a CD4 cell count below 0.50 x 10(9)/l was significantly lower among the 6 subjects with a common donor (1/6) than among 101 other HIV-infected transfusion recipients for whom data from 7 years of follow-up were available (94/101; p less than 0.0001). These findings suggest that the subjects were infected by a less virulent strain of HIV-1. The identification of this group of subjects should stimulate a search for other similar groups, which will provide important information on the immunopathogenesis of HIV-1 disease.
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PMID:Long-term symptomless HIV-1 infection in recipients of blood products from a single donor. 809 79

The objective of the present study was to compare the data of in situ hybridization (ISH), RNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR/RNA) and p24 core antigen (p24 Ag) enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for the detection of HIV-1 expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and in plasma of infected patients at various CDC stages. PBMCs of 24 patients mostly of CDC stage II were obtained from heparinized blood samples, cytocentrifuged and hybridized with a (35S) labelled single-stranded RNA probe specific for gag-pol of LAVBru HIV-1 allowing the detection of genomic and/or messenger RNA. The corresponding plasma samples were used for the determination of p24 Ag by EIA and detection of HIV-1 genomic RNA by RT-PCR using specific primers in the LTR, gag and env regions. Whereas p24 was detected in only six out of 24 patients, both ISH and PCR/RNA enabled the detection of viral RNAs in more than 60% of the patients; cumulation of positive results of ISH and RT-PCR showed that 100% of patients at stage IV and 83% of patients at stages II/III have molecular signs of HIV expression therefore indicating that transcription of the provirus is a highly frequent event, even in the early stages of the disease, and, pleading for undertaking a very early antiviral chemotherapy.
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PMID:Analysis of HIV-1 expression in vivo with in situ hybridization and the polymerase chain reaction. 135 48

The purpose of this study consisted in following-up the biological and clinical parameters in HIV infected patients treated with tacrine (THA). THA (150-300 mg/d) was administrated to 70 patients (39 IVC I and 31 IVC II and III). Thirty-five were treated after discontinuation of AZT treatment and 35 as a first intention treatment. Thirty (43%) patients showed an increase in the CD4+ cell count by more than 50% relative to pretreatment levels and fifteen (21%) showed an increase of more than 25%. p24 antigenemia (Ag p24) became negative in eight of the twenty-seven patients who were initially positive, and decreased by 25 and 50% in nine and six patients, respectively. Ag p24 was therefore decreased in 80% of the patients. From a clinical point of view, there were two deaths (3%) and five opportunistic infections (7%). The treatment with THA was stopped in five patients because of side effects (nausea, rash). Neither hepatotoxicity, hematotoxicity, nor pancreatitis was observed during the THA treatment. In group II and III only two patients (6%) developed an opportunistic infection.
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PMID:Open trial of tacrine therapy in 70 HIV-infected patients. 135 32

A cross-sectional and retrospective longitudinal study has been conducted in three Italian infectious disease centres to evaluate the role of anti-nef antibodies and other markers (HIV-1 p24 antigen, p24 Ag; Beta 2-microglobulin, B2-M; and number of CD4+ lymphocytes) as predictors of disease progression in HIV seropositive injecting drug users (IDUs). The selected patients were: 1) HIV-seropositive IDUs in different stages of HIV infection; 2) HIV-seropositive IDUs who had developed AIDS, from whom serial serum samples were available during the asymptomatic stage, and 3) HIV seropositive IDUs who remained asymptomatic through a follow-up period of the same duration as the patients who developed AIDS. Absence of anti-nef antibodies was associated with symptomatic HIV infection. A significant association between the absence of anti-nef antibodies, the presence of p24 Ag, high levels of B2-M, a number of CD4+ lymphocytes less than 500/ml at first visit and disease progression was found. Subjects who were persistently positive for antibody to nef were less likely to develop AIDS than those who were transiently or persistently negative. This difference was statistically significant (p = 0.03). The results of this study show that absence or disappearance of anti-nef antibodies may be used as predictor of disease evolution in HIV seropositive IDUs. This study also confirms the usefulness of other markers, such as p24 Ag, B2-M and number of CD4+ lymphocytes previously shown to be predictive of rapid disease progression for predicting the course of HIV seropositive IDUs.
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PMID:Anti-nef antibodies and other predictors of disease progression in HIV-1 seropositive injecting drug users. 135 36

A semimicromethod was established for isolating human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in plasma using 48-well plates and a pool of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from several donors as targets for infection, which increases the efficiency of isolation by reducing the effect of variability due to diverse donor cell susceptibility to HIV infection. The addition of H9 cells to the PBMC cultures did not affect measurable titers. Nevertheless, it potentiated strongly virus replication in terms of p24 production in the supernatant of the wells with HIV isolates, thus facilitating interpretation of the results. The titration of a virus strain of a known titre and reverse transcriptase activity in parallel provided a constant parameter of efficiency and reproducibility within each experiment, permitting comparison with results from other laboratories. The reproducibility of the method was highly significant (r = 0.97, P < 0.001); 68% of the 22 plasma samples from HIV-infected individuals tested by this method were positive. The presence of plasma HIV titer correlated well (P < 0.02) with the low count of CD4+ cells of less than 300/mm3, but not with the presence of the p24 antigen in the serum.
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PMID:Efficient and reproducible new semimicromethod for the detection and titration of HIV in human plasma. 136 19

The evaluation of the presence of p24 antigen on the membrane of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 31 HIV infected individuals is presented. The study was performed by indirect immunofluorescence and flow cytometry and the data were analyzed by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Values obtained [D/s(n)] result from the comparison of the fluorescence histograms of each sample with a control one. Cases showing p24 Ag on peripheral blood mononuclear cells also presented percentages of CD3, HLA-DR positive cells significantly higher than p24 negative ones. In addition, D/s(n) values were superior in symptomatic patients than in asymptomatic ones, which indicate the existence of a correlation between flow cytometry results, viral replication and clinical course. Nevertheless in this study, as well and in previous ones, a high degree of cross reactivity between the anti-p24 monoclonal antibody employed and normal lymphocytes has been observed. This reactivity is localized preferentially in the CD4 positive subset.
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PMID:[Detection of the HIV p24 antigen on lymphocyte membranes using flow cytometry]. 136 72

Differences in susceptibility to infection of most mononuclear phagocytes with HIV-1 are not known. We investigated the relative susceptibility of autologous freshly isolated blood monocytes (MN), MN cultured in vitro to allow differentiation (CM), and alveolar macrophages (AM) from healthy subjects to productive infection with HIV-1. Cells were infected with the macrophage tropic strain HIV-1JR-FL and p24 gag antigen levels measured in supernatants by ELISA. Freshly isolated MN had negligible levels of p24 in supernatants. In contrast AM had peak p24 levels of 4145 +/- 1456 pg/ml, mean +/- SE, and CM 9216 +/- 3118. As a measure of entry and extent of reverse transcription, levels of viral DNA in infected mononuclear phagocytes were analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The data using primers that amplify all transcripts including incompletely formed reverse transcripts indicated that differences in entry of the virus may contribute to differences in virus production observed with MN, AM, and CM. Other primer pairs that detect intermediate and full-length double-stranded DNA showed that the ability to complete reverse transcription was similar among these mononuclear phagocytes. Since the lung is a major site of opportunistic infection and noninfectious complications in HIV-1-infected individuals, this increase in productive infection with HIV-1 in AM compared with MN could contribute to the immunopathogenesis of the lung disorders seen in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
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PMID:Increased susceptibility of differentiated mononuclear phagocytes to productive infection with human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1). 137 Feb 93


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