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Query: UMLS:C0019693 (HIV)
 170,526 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We tested the ability of SIV to cause local and systemic infection in three rhesus monkeys after topical instillation of cell-free virus into the conjunctival cul-de-sac. Conjunctivitis or other signs of infection were monitored after inoculation. Conjunctiva were swabbed for virus culture and biopsied for PCR. Changes in lymphocyte subsets, seroconversion, antigenemia, and virus isolation from PBL were assessed systemically postinoculation. Viral DNA was detected in conjunctival biopsy by PCR in one of three animals that later developed systemic infection. The other two animals remained uninfected. These data demonstrate that the conjunctiva is a route by which SIV (and perhaps HIV) may cause systemic infection.
J Med Primatol 1991 Jun
PMID:Infection of rhesus monkeys with topical instillation of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)B670 into the conjunctival sac. 194 4

Neutralizing and enhancing activities in sera were detected by using an in vitro infection assay of HUT78 cells. Ten animals were vaccinated with HIV-2ROD recombinant vaccinia viruses and respective purified proteins. Only sera from monkeys vaccinated with env elicited neutralizing antibodies. No antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) properties were detected in all the tested sera. Six other macaques were infected with SIV-mac251. All of them had detectable ADE properties in their sera. No major neutralizing activity was detected.
J Med Primatol 1991 Jun
PMID:Antibody-dependent enhancement and neutralization pattern of sera from SIV-infected or HIV-2-vaccinated rhesus monkeys. 194 7

An infection occurred in all African green monkeys and cynomolgus monkeys experimentally inoculated with SIVAGM [TYO-1], as demonstrated by the appearance of an antibody to SIVAGM [TYO-1] and the isolation of the virus. No monkey exhibited overt clinical disorders throughout the experimental period of 42 weeks. Thus, SIVAGM was not pathogenic to its original host or to macaques. This system is proposed as a model for HIV infection manifesting no overt disease.
J Med Primatol 1990
PMID:Experimental infection of African green monkeys and cynomolgus monkeys with a SIVAGM strain isolated from a healthy African green monkey. 216 15

In HuT 78 cells chronically infected with SIV, super-infection with rhesus cytomegalovirus (rhCMV) stimulated an increase in SIV replication. Utilizing transient expression assays with the SIV long terminal repeat (LTR) driving expression of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter gene, the increase in SIV replication, by coinfection with CMV, was due to transactivation of the SIV LTR by the immediate early gene products (IE) of rhesus CMV. Similarly, IE of human CMV stimulated expression from both the SIV and HIV LTRs.
J Med Primatol 1990
PMID:Molecular interactions of cytomegalovirus and the human and simian immunodeficiency viruses. 217 42

We constructed ten mutants of simian immunodeficiency virus isolated from African green monkey (SIVAGM), and nine mutants of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) in vitro. Their infectivity, cytopathogenicity, transactivation potential, virus RNA, and protein synthesis were examined by transfection and infection experiments. Mutations in three structural (gag, pol, env) and two regulator (tat, rev) genes abolished the infectivity of both viruses, but vpx, vpr (HIV-2), and nef were dispensable and mutant viruses were indistinguishable phenotypically from wild type virus. A vif mutant of HIV-2 showed poor infectivity in cell-free condition, whereas SIVAGM mutants grew equally well with wild type virus. In transient transfection assays, rev mutants derived from both viruses produced mainly small mRNA species and no detectable virus proteins and particles. Transactivation potential of tat mutants originated from both viruses was about three- to ten-fold less than that of respective wild type DNAs, generating small amounts of virus.
J Med Primatol 1990
PMID:Mutational analysis of simian immunodeficiency virus from African green monkeys and human immunodeficiency virus type 2. 223 82

Single-cell clones of HIV-1 (FRE-3) or SIV/Mne infected HuT 78 cells were obtained by plating dilutions of virally infected HuT 78 cells on a monolayer of sheep choroid plexus cells in 96-well microtiter plates. Several of these clones produce HIV-1 virus mutants that accumulate the gag precursor polyprotein and lack a functional protease. These protease-deficient viruses are non-infectious and consist of aberrant "immature" virus particles as determined by electron microscopy. Several SIV mutants are also described that produce large amounts of either the envelope glycoprotein gp120 or the nucleic acid binding gag protein. These mutants are useful for the purification of these retroviral proteins, in developing assays of protease inhibitors, and in preparing SIV envelope protein vaccines.
J Med Primatol 1990
PMID:Characterization of clones of HIV-1 infected HuT 78 cells defective in gag gene processing and of SIV clones producing large amounts of envelope glycoprotein. 223 88

Previous studies had tested the susceptibility of two macaque species, Macaca nemestrina and M. mulatta, to infection with the primate lymphotropic lentivirus SIVmne. In this report we describe the results obtained after infecting eleven M. fascicularis with SIVmne. Six of the animals had previously been immunized with a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing the envelope gene of HIV-1. All eleven animals became seropositive. To date ten animals have died 43 to 155 weeks post infection of an AIDS-like disease.
J Med Primatol 1990
PMID:Inoculation of Macaca fascicularis with simian immunodeficiency virus, SIVmne immunologic, serologic, and pathologic changes. 223 89

During retroviral maturation gag precursors are proteolytically cleaved to mature gag proteins. The number of mature gag proteins and their order in the gag precursors of HIV-I3B, SIVMne (captive macaque isolate), and SIVCat (wild mangabey isolate) has been determined by N-terminal amino acid sequence analysis of mature gag proteins and alignment with predicted sequences of homologous gag precursors. For HIV-1 and SIVs maturation proteolysis results in six gag proteins and the gag precursor cleavage pattern is distinctive and different from cleavage patterns for all other known retroviruses.
J Med Primatol 1990
PMID:Gag precursors of HIV and SIV are cleaved into six proteins found in the mature virions. 223 92

The susceptibility of common marmosets and cotton-top tamarins to infection by HIV-2 in vivo was tested. One year and 19 months, respectively, post-inoculation, sera taken from three of four animals from each species are reactive for HIV-2 antibodies and HIV-specific nucleotide sequences were demonstrated in short-term cultures of PBL from two cotton-top tamarins. The animals remain in good health.
J Med Primatol 1989
PMID:Inoculation of New World primates with the human immunodeficiency virus. 250 18

Recently, the authors determined the partial sequence of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) from the mandrill (SIVMND) and found SIVMND to be a new member of the HIV/SIV group, equidistant from other members, including SIVAGM. Experimentally, the African green monkey and cynomolgus monkey could be infected with SIVAGM and the cottontop tamarin with SIVMND. However, no clinical sign of an AIDS-like disease was observed in these monkeys.
J Med Primatol 1989
PMID:Genetic analysis and infection of SIVAGM and SIVMND. 254 61


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