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Query: UMLS:C0019693 (HIV)
 170,526 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The possible physical association of heat shock proteins (Hsp's) with immunodeficiency viruses (HIV and SIV) has been examined. The virions were purified by a) polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation and Sepharose 4B filtration, b) PEG precipitation and centrifugation over a Renografin gradient, or c) PEG precipitation and Matrex Cellufine Sulfate affinity chromatography. Western blotting revealed an Hsp60 related protein associated with HIV and SIV. Other Hsp's (such as Hsp70) were not detected, suggesting a specific interaction between Hsp60 and viral factors.
J Med Primatol
PMID:An Hsp60 related protein is associated with purified HIV and SIV. 796 30

Twenty-one cynomolgus monkeys were immunized with whole inactivated HIV-2 preparations administered with various adjuvants (incomplete Freund's adjuvant, Alum, Ribi, MDP, or Iscoms) and challenged with 10 or 100 MID50 of a homologous monkey-cell grown, cell-free HIV-2. Seven animals were completely protected against infection, three showed reduced virus replication. The vaccines elicited neutralizing and ADCC antibodies; the titers did not correlate with protection. Immunization with a whole inactivated vaccine can protect primates from intravenous challenge with a monkey-cell grown cell-free human immunodeficiency virus type 2.
J Med Primatol
PMID:Efficacy of inactivated whole HIV-2 vaccines with various adjuvants in cynomolgus monkeys. 796 39

Three of 12 infant rhesus macaques became infected at 9 to 12 months of age with SIVsmm through maternal-infant transmission. Clinical problems seen in one or more infants included decreased CD4 cells, hypergammaglobulinemia, diarrhea, weight loss, anemia, bacterial infections, and terminal respiratory and CNS problems. Gross and histologic lesions due to both primary SIV infection and opportunistic infections were observed. The SIV-infected infants had clinical, immunologic, and pathologic similarities to those seen in pediatric HIV infection.
J Med Primatol
PMID:Clinical and pathologic findings in infant rhesus macaques infected with SIVsmm by maternal transmission. 810 91

Differences in the in vivo and in vitro responses of T lymphocytes from chimpanzees and human subjects were compared for evidence of HIV-1 related T-cell dysfunction. There was no increased level of programmed cell death (PCD) in HIV-1 infected chimpanzees in contrast to asymptomatic individuals. Anergy could be induced with HIV-1 gp120 in human but not chimpanzee TH lymphocytes, however in vitro infection of chimpanzee TH cultures with HIV-1 resulted in complete lysis of cells within three weeks. These findings suggest that the resistance of HIV-1 infected chimpanzees to progression to AIDS is due to their relative resistance to the systemic effects of HIV-1 on T-cell dysfunction.
J Med Primatol
PMID:The resistance of HIV-infected chimpanzees to progression to AIDS correlates with absence of HIV-related T-cell dysfunction. 810 93

Six pregnant pigtailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina) were inoculated intra-amniotically (i.a.) with SIVMne. All became viremic and seroconverted; three viable offspring were SIV-positive and at autopsy showed disseminated viral infection; one of three abortuses had SIV-infected thymic macrophages. Three of five pregnant macaques inoculated i.v. and/or i.a. with HIV-1LAI became virus-positive, and four seroconverted, suggesting fetal-maternal transmission. One abortus had HIV-1-antigen in lymph nodes and brain; one infant, culture-positive at birth, died at age 11 days of disseminated HIV-1 infection.
J Med Primatol
PMID:Intra-amniotic inoculation of pigtailed macaque (Macaca nemestrina) fetuses with SIV and HIV-1. 841 Nov 8

To identify mucosal immunity in HIV-infected chimpanzees, IgG, IgA, and IgM from plasma, saliva, rectal swabs, vaginal washes, semen, and urethral washes were tested from four male and three female HIV-1IIIB infected chimpanzees. The level of HIV infections in the seven chimpanzees were classified as high, intermediate and low depending on the number of HIV-1 infected cells per 10(7) peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). One male chimpanzee had a relatively high viral load, two males and two females had moderate viral loads and one male and one female had low levels of infection. All seven animals had plasma antibody. The principal finding was that nonclassical mucosal antibodies of the IgG isotype were the predominant antibody in the saliva, rectal swabs, vaginal washes, semen, and urethral washes of infected animals. All plasma and mucosal samples were negative for IgM antibodies. The results show that HIV-1 specific IgG responses and not sIgA predominate at mucosal surfaces of HIV-1IIIB infected chimpanzees. A trend was observed in which high viral loads correlated with high plasma IgG, IgA and sIgA titers. An overall correlation between relatively high virus loads and high amounts of mucosal IgG was also found.
J Med Primatol 1995 Feb
PMID:Nonclassical mucosal antibodies predominate in genital secretions of HIV-1 infected chimpanzees. 861 73

TNF secretion was explored in sera during acute SIV-infection of cynomolgus macaques. A peak of TNF was detected in sera of animals in concomitance with SIV replication. Likewise, AZT treatment delayed and reduced peaks of viral replication and TNF production. Thus, SIVmac251-infected monkey could be an excellent model to explore the interdigitation existing between HIV and TNF in acute and chronic infection and to develop new therapeutic strategies that target the production of this cytokine or its inductive effects.
J Med Primatol 1995 Feb
PMID:Tumor necrosis factor-alpha in serum of macaques during SIVmac251 acute infection. 861 79

We investigated whether enumeration of lymphokine-secreting T cells can be used as a quantitative measure to determine the immunogenicity of foreign proteins in rhesus monkeys. In addition, it was assessed whether this approach can supplement and/or substitute for the well-established lymphoproliferation assay. Two candidate vaccine proteins (e.g., HIV-1 gp120 and HSV-2gD) were used as model antigens for immunization. PBMCs from immunized animals were antigenically stimulated and evaluated on their proliferative capacity and lymphokine release at the single cell level. The experiments showed a close quantitative correlation between antigen-triggered proliferative responses and the antigen-induced generation of IL-2 and IFN-gamma producing cells (pc). IL-4pc were found to appear relatively late after the initiation of antigen exposure. The data indicate that ELISPOT assays provide valuable tools for the assessment of the antigenicity of foreign proteins in vivo.
J Med Primatol 1995 Dec
PMID:Enumeration of lymphokine-secreting cells as a quantitative measure for cellular immune responses in rhesus macaques. 875 May 4

The lineage of HIV-2-like viruses was studied in feral sooty mangabeys (SMs) by serological and genetic methods. Four feral sooty mangabeys were positive for simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) antibodies and a new isolate, SIVsmSL92a, was obtained. Genetic analysis of gag genes showed that SIVsmSL92a was highly diverse and a distinct sequence subtype within the SIV sm/HIV-2 family. The results showed that SIVsm is the most diverse group of SIVs found thus far in a single monkey species.
J Med Primatol 1995 May
PMID:Isolation and characterization of the first simian immunodeficiency virus from a feral sooty mangabey (Cercocebus atys) in West Africa. 875 Oct 49

A plasmid encoding the full-length infectious molecular proviral clone of SIVmac239 was generated. Virus derived from cells transfected with this clone replicated to high levels and was cytopathic for some transformed human CD4+ cell lines and primary rhesus macaque peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Since replication of SIV requires the functional expression of the viral encoded rev protein, transient co-transfection studies were initiated with the infectious proviral clone and a well-characterized trans-dominant negative HIV-1 rev mutant.
J Med Primatol 1995 May
PMID:Assessing genetic-based therapies for AIDS using the simian immunodeficiency virus. 875 Oct 53


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