Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0019693 (HIV)
 170,526 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Dr. Charles Flexner, an Associate Professor at Johns Hopkins University, discusses different issues involving drug interactions. Flexner states that some interactions exist between street drugs and HIV medications, including between benzodiazepines and Ritonavir (Norvir) or Nelfinavir (Viracept). He also reports on toxicity and death cases associated with MDMA (ecstasy) and protease inhibitors. Drugs for opportunistic infections are also described; most are not implicated in clinically significant drug interactions, nor are most over-the-counter medications. Dr. Flexner's opinions on protease-sparing regimens and lipodystrophy are also provided.
 ...
PMID:Double jeopardy: the hazards of drug-drug interactions. 1136 84

By testing children immediately after beginning HIV treatment, it is possible to predict within one week the effectiveness of the treatment. A phase I/II trial of Ritonavir showed that a combination of tests allowed doctors to correctly predict the drug's effectiveness in 36 out of 41 children. Early monitoring works especially well with protease inhibitors. Although the study team tracked the children's responses to monotherapy, it is speculated that these tests could predict treatment outcomes for children on combination therapy in as little as 3 days. Study methodology is described.
 ...
PMID:Early testing can predict effects of drugs on kids. 1136 92

Impotence is often associated with protease inhibitor use, but much of the medical press ignored this issue until Spanish doctors described sexual difficulties following protease inhibitor therapy in 14 of 260 patients. Causes of sexual dysfunction in HIV-infected men are difficult to isolate but may also be traced to depression, physical weakness, opportunistic infections, stress, nerve damage, or hormonal imbalances. Pfizer, the manufacturer of Viagra, released study data on the effects of the drug used in combination with Ritonavir and Saquinavir; the data led Pfizer to alter Viagra dosing recommendations for people on protease inhibitors.
 ...
PMID:Protease inhibitors, sexual dysfunction and Viagra. 1136 2

Four protease inhibitors are compared: Saquinavir (Invirase, Fortovase), Indinavir (Crixivan), Ritonavir (Norvir), and Nelfinavir (Viracept). Key questions are answered on how dosages change when combined with nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), and other protease inhibitors. Information on administration and storage and the impact of each drug on disease development are reviewed. Drug interactions between protease inhibitors and other HIV drugs and non-HIV medications are described. Side effects are also discussed. Pediatric use is addressed, including suggested dosages. Contact information for each manufacturer is provided, along with approximate annual price for treatment.
 ...
PMID:Protease inhibitors at a glance.... 1136 98

The 6th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections included some significant information on initial HIV therapy. Data from the Dupont 006 efavirenz (EFV)/AZT/3TC trial are provided in a table and demonstrate the excellent potency and durability of efavirenz. The Atlantic Trial compares three 3-drug regimens. Twenty-four week results are presented, including evidence that median increases in CD4 counts are similar between the groups. In addition, researchers from the conference presented 24-week data from two open trials of ABT 378 in combination with Ritonavir. This drug shows great tolerability and potency. Details from each trial are discussed.
Hopkins HIV Rep 1999 Mar
PMID:Treatment of the naive patient. 1136 44

Two recent reports indicate that the anti-HIV drugs Viramune (Nevirapine) and Sustiva (efavirenz) can reduce levels of Methadone, sometimes causing withdrawal. Other drugs already known to reduce Methadone levels include Norvir (Ritonavir) and Viracept (Nelfinavir), while Crixivan (Indinavir) and Fortovase (Saquinavir) may increase them. Another study has shown that Methadone may lower levels of ddI (Videx), suggesting a need to increase ddI dosages in those taking Methadone.
 ...
PMID:Methadone and anti-HIV drugs. 1136 5

Currently approved drugs in the HIV protease inhibitor class are described, including saquinavir hard gel, Indinavir, and Ritonavir. Information on each drug, such as the name of the drug, the dosage normally prescribed, and cost of treatment is listed. Potential side effects and drug interactions are also detailed. In addition, contact information is provided.
 ...
PMID:What they say about: protease inhibitors. 1136 51

Selected highlights of the 38th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy are presented. These include information on new investigational drugs for hepatitis B and discouraging results on using anti-HIV agents for hepatitis C. Highlights on anti-HIV drugs address patient compliance, salvage therapy for HIV infection, use of Thalidomide as an anti-HIV agent, immunologic reconstitution of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), liver damage caused by Ritonavir, and the use of Gemfibrozil in a protease regimen to lower triglycerides.
 ...
PMID:Updates from the 38th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 1136 73

A Thai study on short-term Ritonavir treatment to interrupt perinatal HIV transmission was presented at 6th CROI by S. Limpongsanurak. The safety, tolerability, and efficacy of Ritonavir were examined in a phase IV open-label study involving 86 pregnant women. Ritonavir was given two weeks before their due dates, with dosages gradually increased up to 600 mg twice daily. Breast-feeding was not permitted. Seventy-four mothers completed the study, and perinatal HIV transmission rate was 9.46 percent. In comparison, the rate of perinatal transmission without treatment in the U.S. is 25 percent. Researchers credit Ritonavir with reducing maternal viral load and the rate of perinatal HIV transmission.
 ...
PMID:Ritonavir for preventing perinatal HIV transmission. 1136 88

Despite the promise of highly active antiretroviral therapies (HAART) to potentially suppress HIV, the ability of the virus to hide in reservoirs makes HIV difficult to eradicate. The virus' ability to remain latent in cells, and continue to replicate, makes targeting and eliminating known reservoirs only a partial solution. Recognizing the continuing multiplication of viral cells may alter future treatment strategies. Following the theory of David Ho, MD, implementation of HAART produces a gradual decline in the levels of HIV. HAART protects new cells being produced, while older infected cells eventually die off. A more recent model concludes that HIV continues to infect new cells possibly because of non-uniform drug distribution to various tissues. The virus is produced in the lymphoid tissue in bursts, responding to the immune system. These "viral bursts" are diminished by HAART, which slowly decreases their size and number, and consequently decreases the number of new cells infected. The newer theory calls for less disturbance of latently infected cells, and greater use of drugs with the best pharmacokinetics, like ABT-378/r, efavirenz (Sustiva), Indinavir (Crixivan) and Ritonavir (Norvir).
 ...
PMID:Why the fat lady hasn't sung: the limits of HAART. 1136 92


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>