Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019693 (HIV)
 170,526 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Hydroxyurea obstructs HIV from reproducing, is effective when combined with nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors, and it is difficult for HIV to develop a resistance to it. The combination of Hydroxyurea and ddI may be effective in targeting the HIV virus that hides in resting cells. This is in contrast to most other anti-HIV drugs, which tend to target HIV in activated cells. Two studies are described that echo the benefits of combining Hydroxyurea with ddI. Another study employed the previous combination with Indinavir, and all participants achieved below 400 copies of HIV RNA. Observations of three individuals, who discontinued treatments subsequent to taking regimens including Hydroxyurea, indicate that they have maintained HIV RNA below the level of detection. These case studies are not necessarily a good representation of the people actually using Hydroxyurea. More research is necessary to determine the best way to utilize this drug.
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PMID:Hydroxyurea - new observations. 1136 14

Researchers at the 12th Worlds AIDS Conference in Geneva provided a strong case for offering alternative drug options to patients. Resistance problems continue to accompany protease inhibitors, but other studies are identifying new options for extended therapy, such as using abacavir or efavirenz in combination therapies, or by using Nevirapine (Viramune) with Stavudine (d4T) and Didanosine (ddI). Hydroxyurea, a cancer fighting drug, is also gaining support as an HIV treatment, because it inhibits the enzyme that HIV needs to replicate. One study revealed that combining Hydroxyurea, ddI, and Indinavir provided quick and long-lasting reductions in viral load. Conference presentations about mother-to-infant HIV transmission showed reductions in the number of vertical transmissions when Zidovudine preventive therapy was used.
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PMID:New drugs garner interest; but inhibitors lose shine. 1136 95

Highly active antiretroviral therapies (HAART) that do not incorporate a protease inhibitor (PI) have received much attention in attempts to find effective treatment alternatives. HAART without PIs can extend the future options of some patients, to allow switching to a PI therapy later in treatment, or to avoid unpleasant side effects reported with some PIs. A study of combination therapy employing efavirenz, a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) showed encouraging results, as did a similar study employing abacavir. However, researchers are cautious about the ability of these drugs to sustain high antiviral activity over a long-term period. As a potent alternative to HAART, NNRTI's offer easier dosing and appear to have similar results, albeit in the short-term. Studies of Hydroxyurea have reported a positive antiviral response. However, one study indicated that the positive response came with significant side effects. The use of anti-HIV therapy in pregnant women and their newborns is the subject of another study, that assessed the safety of treatment and the possible side effects. Comparisons of protease inhibitor-containing regimens are also reviewed. Alternative two-drug combinations of Indinavir and Ritonavir, and abacavir and amprenavir are explored.
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PMID:Antivirals update. 1136 49

Efavirenz (Sustiva) is a potent anti-HIV medication that is comparable to Indinavir in lowering viral load and elevating CD4+ counts. One negative side effect of efavirenz is that it may cause false positive results on tests for marijuana use. Confirmatory tests can establish the presence of efavirenz rather than marijuana. Tests used in Canada to detect the presence of marijuana are listed.
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PMID:Efavirenz use may cause false positive result for marijuana. 1136 77

A report from the 12th World AIDS Conference in Geneva suggested that complete HIV eradication may not be required, because the immune system may be capable of controlling HIV. This belief is partly based on the history of a patient from Berlin who was diagnosed with HIV; began combination therapy with Indinavir, ddI and Hydroxyurea; achieved undetectable viral load almost immediately; and, despite stopping therapy after 4 months, continued to show viral suppression. Possible reasons for this patient's success and what it means for HIV treatment and restoration strategies are discussed. Remune, a drug that may aid in immune reconstruction therapy is examined, as are the promising results of studies which use Interleukin-2.
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PMID:Immune reconstitution: conference reports. 1136 94

Efavirenz and abacavir, two recently approved drugs, have simplified HIV treatment. They are taken less often than some other drugs, and fewer pills are required. Results are reported from studies which have evaluated different dosing schedules and the effectiveness of new drug combinations. The studies have involved AZT, Combivir, d4T, amprenavir, Indinavir, Ritonavir, and Delavirdine. Researchers hope that the results of these studies may provide alternatives to three times a day dosing schedules.
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PMID:Antiviral therapy: how simple can you get? 1136 6

Four protease inhibitors are compared: Saquinavir (Invirase, Fortovase), Indinavir (Crixivan), Ritonavir (Norvir), and Nelfinavir (Viracept). Key questions are answered on how dosages change when combined with nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), and other protease inhibitors. Information on administration and storage and the impact of each drug on disease development are reviewed. Drug interactions between protease inhibitors and other HIV drugs and non-HIV medications are described. Side effects are also discussed. Pediatric use is addressed, including suggested dosages. Contact information for each manufacturer is provided, along with approximate annual price for treatment.
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PMID:Protease inhibitors at a glance.... 1136 98

Two recent reports indicate that the anti-HIV drugs Viramune (Nevirapine) and Sustiva (efavirenz) can reduce levels of Methadone, sometimes causing withdrawal. Other drugs already known to reduce Methadone levels include Norvir (Ritonavir) and Viracept (Nelfinavir), while Crixivan (Indinavir) and Fortovase (Saquinavir) may increase them. Another study has shown that Methadone may lower levels of ddI (Videx), suggesting a need to increase ddI dosages in those taking Methadone.
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PMID:Methadone and anti-HIV drugs. 1136 5

Currently approved drugs in the HIV protease inhibitor class are described, including saquinavir hard gel, Indinavir, and Ritonavir. Information on each drug, such as the name of the drug, the dosage normally prescribed, and cost of treatment is listed. Potential side effects and drug interactions are also detailed. In addition, contact information is provided.
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PMID:What they say about: protease inhibitors. 1136 51

A case study is presented of a 49-year-old woman, Molly B., diagnosed with HIV in 1990. Her treatment history is briefly described. Although she has been a part of several clinical trials, her viral load has been below 40 copies/ml since she began a regimen of Indinavir plus d4T plus Nevirapine in 1997. However, the development of buffalo hump and pronounced masculine features causes her great concern. Her case is reviewed by Deborah Cotton, MD, MPH, and Keith Henry, MD. Dr. Cotton recommends switching Molly B. to a new PI and monitoring her cholesterol and triglycerides. Dr. Henry would check for any metabolic disorders and discuss with Molly B. the possibility of interrupting therapy for several months.
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PMID:The perils of progress. 1136 6


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