Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0019693 (HIV)
 170,526 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The worldwide resurgence of syphilis may have serious implications on neonatal morbidity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the seroprevalence of syphilis in men attending an infertility clinic. Blood samples from 782 males were screened using the titrated RPR and TPHA tests. If either of these tests was positive, FTA-ABs IgG was performed. The RPR was positive in 63 (8%) cases. In 24 (3%) patients the titer was 1:8 with positive TPHA and FTA-Abs IgG tests and these were regarded as current infections. Thirty-nine (4.9%) cases had RPR titers 1:8 with positive specific tests. These were probably patients either treated inadequately or in the early stage of primary syphilis. In addition, 92 (12%) patients were RPR negative but TPHA and FTA positive. This was evidence of previous exposure to syphilis. The overall seropositivity in this group was 20% (155 cases). Six hundred and twenty-seven (80%) tested negative with RPR and TPHA. Syphilis may still have a major impact on health in Southern Africa. Since syphilis is significantly associated with HIV seropositivity, efforts to prevent and control syphilis may also be important in limiting the spread of HIV.
 ...
PMID:Syphilis serology in men attending the Andrology Clinic at Ga-Rankuwa Hospital. 148 10

The prevalence of biologic false-positive (BFP) reactions for syphilis (reactive rapid plasma reagin [RPR] test, nonreactive fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption [FTA-ABS] test) among patients attending two sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics was evaluated to assess relationships between BFP reactions and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Among 4863 patients, 357 (7.3%) had serologic evidence of syphilis and 4.9% had HIV infection. Only 40 patients (0.8% of total patients, 11% of those with reactive RPR tests) had BFP serologic tests for syphilis. There were no demographic differences between true syphilis and BFP patients as to sex, age, or intravenous drug use. BFP patients tended to have lower RPR titers (less than or equal to 1:4) than did true syphilis patients. After excluding 317 patients with reactive FTA-ABS tests, BFP RPR tests were seen in 6 (4%) of 159 HIV-seropositive patients and 34 (0.8%) of 4387 HIV-seronegative patients (odds ratio, 5.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.9-12.7). Although more common among HIV-infected than HIV-uninfected patients, BFP reactions are relatively rare among STD clinic patients, and 89% of patients with reactive RPR or VDRL serologic tests for syphilis had current or prior syphilis infection. The RPR test remains useful for guiding decisions regarding therapy for syphilis.
 ...
PMID:Association of biologic false-positive reactions for syphilis with human immunodeficiency virus infection. 158 32

A 33-year-old woman, seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), presented with progressive weakness and numbness of the lower extremities, gait difficulties, and urinary frequency. Physical examination revealed bilateral lower extremity weakness, a left-sided Babinski reflex, and a thoracic sensory level to pinprick at T8. Serum rapid plasma reagin was 1:64, and fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorption (FTA-ABS) was 4+. Examination of the cerebrospinal fluid showed a mononuclear pleocytosis and reactive FTA-ABS. The myelopathy responded promptly to high-dose intravenous aqueous penicillin. Syphilis needs to be considered in the differential diagnosis of any patient who develops a myelopathy in association with HIV-1 infection. Because of the diverse nature in which syphilis may affect the spinal cord, treatment with intravenous aqueous penicillin, 12 to 24 million units daily, for a minimum of 10 days, should be considered in any HIV-1-seropositive patient with a progressive, unexplained myelopathy and positive serologic studies for syphilis.
 ...
PMID:Spinal cord syphilis associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection: a treatable myelopathy. 173 97

To identify the characteristic features of lues in patients infected with HIV, 402 HIV-positive patients were examined for serological and clinical signs of lues. 141 patients (133 male, 8 female, mean age 36 [18-69] years) had a positive lues serology. Treatment for lues was required in 20 of the 141 cases (14%). In ten patients (one case of lues I, nine cases of lues II) dermatological signs were predominant, macular exanthemas (n = 4) and palmo-plantar syphilides (n = 3) being most frequent. Three patients had seropositive latent lues. Eight patients presented with signs of an active neurolues (lues II: n = 1; lues III: n = 6; lues IV: n = 1). In three of the eight cases the serum FTA-ABS-IgM findings were negative. In these three patients the need for a specific treatment was realized only on the basis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination in conjunction with the clinical findings and the anamnesis. This result makes it very clear that indication for CSF puncture should be more liberal in some HIV infected patients. The markedly high proportion of cases of neurolues (40% of the luetic patients requiring treatment) is possibly due to reactivation of old lues infections.
 ...
PMID:[Clinical and serological findings of syphilis in HIV-infected patients]. 204 84

The diagnosis of syphilis is frequently dependent upon the results of serological tests, but the reliability of syphilis serology in patients with HIV-1 infection has been questioned. We examined specific antibody to Treponema pallidum (TP) using the TP haemagglutination (TPHA) and fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorption (FTA-ABS) tests in AIDS patients and HIV-antibody-negative controls with a history of syphilis. Tests were carried out on two sera separated by an interval of at least 3 years from each patient. Twelve out of 29 AIDS patients compared with four out of 29 controls showed significant falls in titres of specific antibody as measured by the TPHA, FTA-ABS, or by both the TPHA and FTA-ABS (P = 0.02). Furthermore, in three out of 29 (10%) of the AIDS patients with past syphilis infections both the TPHA and FTA-ABS became non-reactive. We conclude that negative specific serology does not exclude a past syphilis infection in patients with AIDS.
 ...
PMID:Specific syphilis serological tests may become negative in HIV infection. 205 84

To examine the interaction between syphilis and human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1) infection in Oklahoma, we conducted an unlinked HIV seroprevalence survey using serum specimens submitted to the Oklahoma State Department of Health for serologic test for syphilis. Of specimens with positive results from fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption test (FTA-ABS), 6.3% were HIV-1 seropositive compared to 0.8% of those that had negative results from FTA-ABS. Among specimens positive for syphilis, HIV-1 seropositivity was found almost exclusively among those from persons 20 to 39 years of age and more often among those from men than those from women (9.9% vs 1.3%). Of syphilis-positive specimens from 20- to 39-year-old men, 17.6% were HIV-1 seropositive. In Oklahoma, an area with a relatively low overall prevalence of HIV-1 infection, targeting prevention efforts to young adults who test positive for syphilis should be an efficient way to reach some persons at high risk for HIV-1 infection.
 ...
PMID:Syphilis, human immunodeficiency virus infection, and targeting prevention. 223 48

Observations are reported on 7 sexually transmitted diseases in a heterosexual population of 105 promiscuous males in Djibouti, East Africa. Neisseria gonorrhoeae was cultured from urethral swabs from 34 subjects. Six isolates were beta lactamase positive (18%). High levels of resistance to antimicrobials were noted with penicillin, spectinomycin and cotrimoxazole, while tetracyclines and erythromycin were unvariably effective. Six patients had Chlamydia urethritis, one of whom had concomitant gonococcal urethritis. Half of the sera reacted positive for antibodies to Chlamydia. A total of 31 subjects had a positive treponemal FTA-Abs test; of these, only 14 had a reactive RPR test. Nineteen individuals were positive for HBsAg. One subject had a western blot confirmed HIV-1 infection, while none had antibodies to HIV-2 or HTLV-I.
 ...
PMID:Observations on sexually transmitted diseases in promiscuous males in Djibouti. 251 74

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) has an etiological role in post-transfusional Non-A Non-B Hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatoma. Studies have revealed an high prevalence of anti-HCV antibodies in hemophiliacs, IV drug users, and other groups at risk for parenterally transmitted infections. The authors report findings from their investigation into the sexual transmission of HCV. The prevalences of antibodies to HCV, the hepatitis B core (HBc) antigen, and to Treponema pallidum were assessed among groups of individuals at high and low risk for sexually transmitted diseases (STD). The population at low risk for STDs was comprised of 2494 volunteer blood donors at the Hospital Universitario Clementino Fraga Filho (HUCFF) over the period July-November 1990. The population at high risk for STDs was comprised of 187 adults consecutively enrolled between September 1990 and January 1991 in a cohort study of the natural history of HIV infection. Sera were screened with a first generation HCV ELISA test, with repeat reactive samples further analyzed using a second generation recombinant immunoblot confirmatory test (RIBA-2). Data on the presence of antibodies to HBc, VRDL, and HIV were abstracted from the Blood Bank records. Antibody testing against Treponema pallidum was conducted among HCV-ELISA positive blood donors and their controls using FTA-ABs. 2.08% of blood donors were infected with HCV, 7.96% of the HIV-infected homosexuals, and 8.02% of the whole group with sexually acquired HIV infection. Anti-HBc antibodies were more frequently present in anti-HCV RIBA-2 confirmed positive blood donors than in controls. 33.3% of the HCV-positive blood donors and 11.04% of controls were found to be anti-HBc positive. 17.6% of HCV-positive donors and 4.9% of controls yielded positive FTA-ABs results. 5.9% of samples from blood donors were both anti-HBc and FTA-ABs positive, while none of the controls reacted in both tests. The association between HCV, hepatitis B infection, and syphilis in individuals at low risk for parenterally transmitted diseases suggests that sexual transmission contributes to the maintenance of the endemicity of HCV in the local population.
 ...
PMID:Prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis C virus in populations at low and high risk for sexually transmitted diseases in Rio de Janeiro. 750 22

HIV infected population has a higher incidence of syphilis, being this an independent risk factor for HIV infection. We report 88 HIV infected patients seen during the last three years. Fourteen (16%) had reactive serum VDRL and FTA-ABS and neurosyphilis was diagnosed in six (6.8%). Three had a treponemal uveitis-retinitis, one a meningovascular syphilis and one a secondary syphilis with meningeal and otological involvement. Patients were treated with penicillin 20 million UI/day for 14 days with good clinical and laboratory response and CSF normalization in those subjected to a second lumbar puncture. It is concluded that neurosyphilis must be considered in the differential diagnosis of neurological complications of HIV infections.
 ...
PMID:[Neurosyphilis and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1)infection. Experience with 6 cases]. 765 14

The sensitivity of the Captia Syphilis G anti-treponemal IgG enzyme immunoassay (EIA-IgG) was compared with the Treponema pallidum haemagglutination assay (TPHA) and the Fluorescent Treponemal Antibody Absorbed (FTA-Abs) test as a marker for past syphilis in 28 HIV-infected and 31 HIV-negative patients with a past history of syphilis. The specificity of EIA-IgG was compared in 89 patients without a history of syphilis who were known to be HIV antibody positive with a control group of 89 patients who had tested HIV negative. In patients with a past history of syphilis each treponemal test (EIA-IgG, TPHA and FTA-Abs) gave a lower sensitivity (82%, 86%, 79%) in the HIV-positive group than in the HIV-negative group (97%) but the difference was significant only in the case of the FTA-Abs test (P < 0.05). In the HIV-positive patients 11% (3/28) were negative in all 3 treponemal tests while 25% (7/28) were negative in at least one treponemal test. In patients without a past history of syphilis the EIA-IgG antibody index in the HIV-positive group (0.436) was significantly higher than in the HIV-negative group (0.378): the specificity, however, was similar in the HIV-positive (100%) and HIV-negative group (99%). We conclude that the Captia Syphilis G anti-treponemal IgG enzyme immunoassay is of similar specificity in HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients and is of similar sensitivity to the TPHA and FTA-Abs as a marker of past syphilis in HIV-infected patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Markers of past syphilis in HIV infection comparing Captia Syphilis G anti-treponemal IgG enzyme immunoassay with other treponemal antigen tests. 777 20


1 2 3 4 5 Next >>