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Query: UMLS:C0019693 (HIV)
 170,526 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Recent progress in treatment methods and medicines has made HIV more manageable. Factors contributing to this progress include advances in testing; the use and approval of protease inhibitors, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, and other nucleosides; and the success of highly active antiretroviral regimens (HAART) and combination therapy. Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, such as Zidovudine and Didanosine, and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) such as Nevirapine (Viramune) and Delavirdine (Rescriptor), are recommended for use in combination therapy. The pharmacology, side effects, and contraindications of these types of drugs are provided. Dosages and common side effects are also mentioned.
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PMID:Understanding the reverse transcriptase inhibitors in HIV. 1136 42

Two recent reports indicate that the anti-HIV drugs Viramune (Nevirapine) and Sustiva (efavirenz) can reduce levels of Methadone, sometimes causing withdrawal. Other drugs already known to reduce Methadone levels include Norvir (Ritonavir) and Viracept (Nelfinavir), while Crixivan (Indinavir) and Fortovase (Saquinavir) may increase them. Another study has shown that Methadone may lower levels of ddI (Videx), suggesting a need to increase ddI dosages in those taking Methadone.
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PMID:Methadone and anti-HIV drugs. 1136 5

Viramune (Nevirapine) is the first non-nucleoside analog approved by the FDA for children. The suspension is administered initially at a low dose and then increased at doses that vary according to the child's age. A majority of the participants in the clinical trials had a decrease in HIV viral load over a period of 6 months. It is important to note that children generally have higher viral loads than adults. Side effects include rash, vomiting, fatigue, and nausea.
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PMID:Viramune (Nevirapine) is approved for children. 1136 70

New anti-HIV drugs that are expected to become available in the future are discussed. The potent protease inhibitor amprenavir (Agenerase) is expected to be available in pharmacies by early 1999. Results of a study of treatment-naive, HIV-positive people showed that those taking amprenavir as part of a three-drug combination therapy, with AZT and 3TC, had better viral reduction than those using AZT and 3TC alone. In a French study of the non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor Nevirapine, and a similar study of Delavirdine, a majority of participants had HIV RNA levels below the limit of detection. Further comparative studies are needed between Nevirapine, Delavirdine and the more costly, highly publicized competitor, efavirenz. Several studies of regimens that include protease inhibitors compare dosing twice daily to three times a day. A Canadian study describes salvage therapies, for people who have failed previous treatment with protease inhibitors, that can include up to nine drugs. Because there is a shortage in the development of new types of HIV drugs, people are encouraged to carefully consider when to begin treatment and what medical options are available.
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PMID:Antivirals update. 1136 1

A case study is presented of a 49-year-old woman, Molly B., diagnosed with HIV in 1990. Her treatment history is briefly described. Although she has been a part of several clinical trials, her viral load has been below 40 copies/ml since she began a regimen of Indinavir plus d4T plus Nevirapine in 1997. However, the development of buffalo hump and pronounced masculine features causes her great concern. Her case is reviewed by Deborah Cotton, MD, MPH, and Keith Henry, MD. Dr. Cotton recommends switching Molly B. to a new PI and monitoring her cholesterol and triglycerides. Dr. Henry would check for any metabolic disorders and discuss with Molly B. the possibility of interrupting therapy for several months.
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PMID:The perils of progress. 1136 6

The recommended three-part antiretroviral therapy featuring AZT to reduce perinatal transmission is not feasible in developing countries because of cost and other barriers to health care delivery. The HIVNET 012 study in Uganda shows that single-dose Nevirapine for the woman in labor followed by a single dose for the infant is more effective in reducing the risk of transmission than the AZT regimen. A cost-effectiveness study using data from HIVNET 012 shows that treatment with Nevirapine costs much less than the $50 threshold widely used for public health intervention in poorer countries. Though studies on the long-term safety and efficacy of the Nevirapine therapy have not been done, Nevirapine therapy appears to be the best current method for the prevention of perinatal transmission of HIV.
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PMID:Single-dose Nevirapine during pregnancy. 1136 8

The Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation has pledged $1 million to help pay for use of the antiretroviral drug Nevirapine to prevent HIV transmission from mothers to newborns in developing countries. Due to evidence of Nevirapine's success at reducing perinatal HIV transmission, and its relative low cost, it is seen as being a better alternative than the current practice of numerous AZT treatments.
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PMID:Perinatal transmission. 1136 27

A joint Uganda-U.S. study shows that an oral dose of Nevirapine (Viramune), given to both an HIV-infected mother while she is in labor and to her baby within 3 days of birth, reduces the rate of HIV transmission by half. The treatment costs about $4 per delivery. If implemented widely in developing countries, 300,000 to 400,000 fewer newborns may be infected with HIV.
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PMID:Hope for Africa's next generation. 1136 56

Every day about 1,800 babies are born infected with HIV in developing countries. According to UNAIDS estimates, the antiretroviral Nevirapine (NVP or Viramune) may reduce the transmission rate of HIV from a mother to her child. According to a joint Uganda-U.S. study (HIVNET 012), a single oral dose of Nevirapine, given to an HIV-infected woman during labor, and a single dose given to her baby within 3 days of birth reduces the HIV transmission rate from mother to baby by half compared to AZT. This intervention could prevent 300,000 to 400,000 newborns from being born infected with HIV each year, at a cost of $4 per delivery. The impact of breast-feeding on HIV transmission, the implications of HIVNET 012 on treatment in the U.S., and other studies that have addressed mother-to-child HIV transmission are also addressed.
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PMID:Study offers hope for Africa's next generation. 1136 48

Vertical HIV transmission from mother to child is almost entirely preventable with prenatal screening and treatment, but most of the 15,000 infected children in the United States were infected by their mothers. Of those, many will die before they reach the age of 13. Clinicians are calling for universal HIV testing for pregnant women and the administration of antiretroviral treatment either during labor or soon after the baby's birth. Even with universal testing and treatment, there will still be some instances of breakthrough transmission, but the rate of infection for babies would be much lower. A chart shows the percentage of mothers, arranged by states, who discussed HIV testing with their health care provider. Rapid testing in combination with Zidovudine (AZT) treatment has lowered HIV transmission rates by 38 percent in breast-feeding populations and 50 percent in non-breast-feeding populations. The benefits of Nevirapine therapy are discussed.
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PMID:There's no excuse for babies to be born today infected with HIV. 1136 78


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