Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019693 (HIV)
 170,526 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The anticancer drug, hydroxyurea, can help certain anti-HIV drugs work better. Hydroxyurea's side effects, dosage requirements, and method of reducing HIV in the body are discussed. Results from several small studies of hydroxyurea indicate that the addition of hydroxyurea to ddI produces a stronger anti-HIV effect than ddI alone. Hydroxyurea may also help to increase T4 cell counts. It is uncertain how hydroxyurea combined with ddI will work in patients with low T4 cell counts and more advanced HIV. Resistance to hydroxyurea is not a problem since it works by affecting cells rather than by directly attacking HIV. Manufacturer contact information for patient assistance is provided.
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PMID:Hydroxyurea for HIV? 1136 19

There are a number of new developments in the fight against the HIV epidemic. New drugs are being developed, results are being reported from a number of clinical trials, and there are some new strategies in disease management. Currently, there are eleven approved medications for HIV. Several new drugs or studies are highlighted: adefovir dipivoxil (preveon), which is now available under an expanded access program; abacavir (GW1592U89, efavirenz), which shows promise as an antiretroviral ten times more effective than AZT; amprenavir (141W94, VX-478), a new protease inhibitor nearing the end of clinical trials; Fortovase (soft-gel Saquinavir), which is proving much more effective than its earlier formulation; and Hydroxyurea (HU), a long-approved anti-cancer drug which enhances the effectiveness of other HIV medications. Several drugs under development are discussed, such as ABT-378, which show great promise in the treatment arsenal.
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PMID:What's new, what's next? 1136 47

A 44-year-old man diagnosed with HIV in 1992 has become 3TC-resistant, has had adverse effects to ddI, and most likely will have the same adverse effects to d4T and ddC. The Ritonavir, Saquinavir, and Nevirapine combination he was switched to did not reduce his viral load, however, the patient was clinically stable without wasting or opportunistic infections, and his CD4 count was 220 cells/mm3. Based on past responses to medication and to the available NNRTIs, it is believed that the patient is currently cross-resistant to all first-generation protease inhibitors. It was suggested that the patient, now categorized as having virologic failure but clinical/immunologic success, is unlikely to achieve durable suppression, even with the new drugs becoming available. Mega-HAART therapy, which uses up to eight drugs, may work temporarily but appears to be intolerable in the long term for most patients. It is not known how long the patient's clinical/immunologic stability will last, but it is unlikely to continue indefinitely in the presence of high viral replication. In the case of worsening conditions, it is suggested that a phenotypic analysis be done to guide salvage therapy. In the absence of a phenotypic analysis, it is suggested to try a combination of ddI plus d4T plus Hydroxyurea plus Nelfinavir plus efavirenz.
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PMID:A patient with no options? 1136 84

Hydroxyurea obstructs HIV from reproducing, is effective when combined with nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors, and it is difficult for HIV to develop a resistance to it. The combination of Hydroxyurea and ddI may be effective in targeting the HIV virus that hides in resting cells. This is in contrast to most other anti-HIV drugs, which tend to target HIV in activated cells. Two studies are described that echo the benefits of combining Hydroxyurea with ddI. Another study employed the previous combination with Indinavir, and all participants achieved below 400 copies of HIV RNA. Observations of three individuals, who discontinued treatments subsequent to taking regimens including Hydroxyurea, indicate that they have maintained HIV RNA below the level of detection. These case studies are not necessarily a good representation of the people actually using Hydroxyurea. More research is necessary to determine the best way to utilize this drug.
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PMID:Hydroxyurea - new observations. 1136 14

The 12th World AIDS Conference in Geneva explored issues associated with the use of antiretrovirals and resistance. Areas examined included resistance to new antiretroviral agents, the use of Hydroxyurea as a standard therapy, novel dosing strategies, new antiretroviral agents, and dual protease inhibitor therapy. Major conference themes involving antiretroviral resistance examined resistance profiles of new antiretroviral agents, cross-resistance within and across drug classes, the use of genotype and phenotype analysis, and the transmission of multi-drug resistant virus. While information on salvage therapy remains disappointing, it is noted that several ongoing trials are continuing to address the issue.
Hopkins HIV Rep 1998 Sep
PMID:Antiretroviral news. 1136 73

Researchers at the 12th Worlds AIDS Conference in Geneva provided a strong case for offering alternative drug options to patients. Resistance problems continue to accompany protease inhibitors, but other studies are identifying new options for extended therapy, such as using abacavir or efavirenz in combination therapies, or by using Nevirapine (Viramune) with Stavudine (d4T) and Didanosine (ddI). Hydroxyurea, a cancer fighting drug, is also gaining support as an HIV treatment, because it inhibits the enzyme that HIV needs to replicate. One study revealed that combining Hydroxyurea, ddI, and Indinavir provided quick and long-lasting reductions in viral load. Conference presentations about mother-to-infant HIV transmission showed reductions in the number of vertical transmissions when Zidovudine preventive therapy was used.
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PMID:New drugs garner interest; but inhibitors lose shine. 1136 95

Hydroxyurea, which has already been approved as a treatment for leukemia and advanced ovarian cancer, now appears to be effective in slowing HIV viral replication in virtually all immune system cells and tissues. It does not appear to cause resistance, and it also increases the activity of some antiviral drugs against drug-resistant strains of HIV. Bristol Myers Squibb, the manufacturer, no longer holds the patent on Hydroxyurea, so other companies may produce generic, low-cost variations of the drug. Hydroxyurea interferes with the functioning of targeted cells, and its ability to penetrate the brain means that it has the potential to treat neurological diseases directly caused by HIV. Hydroxyurea does not appear to increase T-cell counts, and may even lower T-cell counts. This should be a consideration for patients who already have low T-cell counts. Hydroxyurea is taken orally twice a day and is generally available at most pharmacies. However, Hydroxyurea is not likely to be available through ADAPs since it has not been approved by the FDA for use with HIV. Side effects are generally mild and include fatigue, anemia, bruising, and reduced lymphocyte production.
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PMID:Hydroxyurea--ever more fascinating. 1136 16

Highly active antiretroviral therapies (HAART) that do not incorporate a protease inhibitor (PI) have received much attention in attempts to find effective treatment alternatives. HAART without PIs can extend the future options of some patients, to allow switching to a PI therapy later in treatment, or to avoid unpleasant side effects reported with some PIs. A study of combination therapy employing efavirenz, a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) showed encouraging results, as did a similar study employing abacavir. However, researchers are cautious about the ability of these drugs to sustain high antiviral activity over a long-term period. As a potent alternative to HAART, NNRTI's offer easier dosing and appear to have similar results, albeit in the short-term. Studies of Hydroxyurea have reported a positive antiviral response. However, one study indicated that the positive response came with significant side effects. The use of anti-HIV therapy in pregnant women and their newborns is the subject of another study, that assessed the safety of treatment and the possible side effects. Comparisons of protease inhibitor-containing regimens are also reviewed. Alternative two-drug combinations of Indinavir and Ritonavir, and abacavir and amprenavir are explored.
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PMID:Antivirals update. 1136 49

At the AIDS Conference in Geneva, reports were presented on new drugs expected to improve treatment of HIV infection, to be useful in combination therapies, and to be less susceptible to viral resistance. Advances in understanding resistance to specific drugs and cross-resistance among drugs were reported. New information was provided for the following treatments: efavirenz (Sustiva), abacavir with AZT/3TC, Nevirapine (Viramune), Hydroxyurea in combination therapy, the use of double protease inhibitors in regimens, and ABT-378 and PNU-140690. Finally, reports showing that resistance testing may predict which drugs may or may not work for a person are discussed.
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PMID:Notes on the International AIDS Conference. 1136 93

A report from the 12th World AIDS Conference in Geneva suggested that complete HIV eradication may not be required, because the immune system may be capable of controlling HIV. This belief is partly based on the history of a patient from Berlin who was diagnosed with HIV; began combination therapy with Indinavir, ddI and Hydroxyurea; achieved undetectable viral load almost immediately; and, despite stopping therapy after 4 months, continued to show viral suppression. Possible reasons for this patient's success and what it means for HIV treatment and restoration strategies are discussed. Remune, a drug that may aid in immune reconstruction therapy is examined, as are the promising results of studies which use Interleukin-2.
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PMID:Immune reconstitution: conference reports. 1136 94


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