Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019693 (HIV)
 170,526 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Four protease inhibitors are compared: Saquinavir (Invirase, Fortovase), Indinavir (Crixivan), Ritonavir (Norvir), and Nelfinavir (Viracept). Key questions are answered on how dosages change when combined with nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), and other protease inhibitors. Information on administration and storage and the impact of each drug on disease development are reviewed. Drug interactions between protease inhibitors and other HIV drugs and non-HIV medications are described. Side effects are also discussed. Pediatric use is addressed, including suggested dosages. Contact information for each manufacturer is provided, along with approximate annual price for treatment.
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PMID:Protease inhibitors at a glance.... 1136 98

Two recent reports indicate that the anti-HIV drugs Viramune (Nevirapine) and Sustiva (efavirenz) can reduce levels of Methadone, sometimes causing withdrawal. Other drugs already known to reduce Methadone levels include Norvir (Ritonavir) and Viracept (Nelfinavir), while Crixivan (Indinavir) and Fortovase (Saquinavir) may increase them. Another study has shown that Methadone may lower levels of ddI (Videx), suggesting a need to increase ddI dosages in those taking Methadone.
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PMID:Methadone and anti-HIV drugs. 1136 5

Spanish researchers have reported that people with HIV are more likely to change therapy if they begin therapy with Norvir, rather than with Saquinavir or Crixivan. Nearly half the patients who started with Norvir switched while only 25 percent of the Saquinavir patients and 22 percent of the Crixivan patients switched therapies. Reasons for switching therapies are discussed.
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PMID:Switching. 1136 44

Zerit (d4T) is as potent as Retrovir (AZT) in HIV combination therapy according to a University of Alabama study. This is important since either drug can often be a fundamental part of most HIV drug combinations. The study involved 204 participants in 48 weeks of therapy and used Zerit or Retrovir in combination with Crixivan or Epivir.
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PMID:Zerit vs. Retrovir. 1136 45

Drug options, presented at the 6th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, for HIV-infected people switching their regimen due to drug failure are examined. Alternatives discussed include use of Zerit after AZT, Epivir versus Rescriptor, and Sustiva versus Viracept. A study of Crixivan and the issue of resistance are also addressed. Results of some studies presented indicate that a switch to a new drug combination should include at least two new drugs, and that Sustiva and Viracept used together with two nukes were better than a Viracept triple combination. Final comments briefly explore the relationship between drug failure and CD4+ T-cell count.
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PMID:For people needing a new drug. 1136 52

Despite the promise of highly active antiretroviral therapies (HAART) to potentially suppress HIV, the ability of the virus to hide in reservoirs makes HIV difficult to eradicate. The virus' ability to remain latent in cells, and continue to replicate, makes targeting and eliminating known reservoirs only a partial solution. Recognizing the continuing multiplication of viral cells may alter future treatment strategies. Following the theory of David Ho, MD, implementation of HAART produces a gradual decline in the levels of HIV. HAART protects new cells being produced, while older infected cells eventually die off. A more recent model concludes that HIV continues to infect new cells possibly because of non-uniform drug distribution to various tissues. The virus is produced in the lymphoid tissue in bursts, responding to the immune system. These "viral bursts" are diminished by HAART, which slowly decreases their size and number, and consequently decreases the number of new cells infected. The newer theory calls for less disturbance of latently infected cells, and greater use of drugs with the best pharmacokinetics, like ABT-378/r, efavirenz (Sustiva), Indinavir (Crixivan) and Ritonavir (Norvir).
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PMID:Why the fat lady hasn't sung: the limits of HAART. 1136 92

Protease inhibitors are the most well-known type of HIV drug, and five of them are currently approved by the Federal government. This first-generation of protease inhibitors includes Crixivan, Norvir, Fortovase, Viracept, and Agenerase. These drugs, while effective, do not eliminate HIV from the body, nor do they work well for everyone. A second-generation of protease inhibitors is in development, that researchers hope will be easier to take, and better at eliminating HIV. Included in this group are L-756,423, Tipranavir, BMS232632, and ABT-378(r). The benefits and potential drawbacks of each drug are briefly described. People who are considering switching treatments should consult their doctors about the possibility of entering a clinical trial.
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PMID:The younger generation. 1136 65

St. John's wort, an herbal treatment for depression, should not be combined with certain drugs, including some antiretrovirals. St. John's wort can speed up the body's elimination of some drugs. When HIV medications are used, blood levels could drop low enough to allow resistance to occur. So far, St. John's wort has been tested only with the protease inhibitor indinavir (Crixivan), but it is likely to affect other drugs in that class and possibly non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. This warning follows a study by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) on dosing and blood levels of indinavir in HIV-negative test subjects. More information on the study is available on The Lancet's Web site. The text of the FDA's advisory letter is included.
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PMID:St. John's wort warning: do not combine with protease inhibitors, NNRTIs. 1136 7

People on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) struggle with cumbersome and difficult medication schedules, including food restrictions, side effects, and toxicities. Several poster sessions at the 39th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (ICAAC) presented studies on regimens that would require fewer pills and less frequent dosing. These simpler regimens would improve adherence and quality of life. Data from single-dose studies of Crixivan with Norvir and Fortovase with or without Norvir in HIV-negative participants were presented. Although results look promising, significant issues remain, including responses in HIV-positive people and resistance.
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PMID:Simplifying drug regimens goal of research. 1136 37

Agouron Pharmaceuticals trial results suggest additional treatment options for people taking or considering taking Viracept in combination with other anti-HIV drugs. The clinical test results with Viracept and other drugs are presented. Viracept was tested for safety and efficacy with Fortovase (saquinavir soft gel), Norvir (ritonavir), Crixivan (indinavir), 1592 (abacavir), and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.
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PMID:Protease inhibitor combos. 1136 48


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