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Query: UMLS:C0019693 (HIV)
 170,526 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In the last years the number of HIV-positive patients needing cardiac surgery has greatly increased. Cardiopulmonary bypass is suspected to have a role in the progression of HIV-infection to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). From October 1988 to December 1990, 6 intravenous drug addicts underwent cardiac surgery for infective endocarditis at our Department. Preoperative and postoperative absolute lymphocyte T-helper (CD4) and T-suppressor (CD8) counts did not show a close association between the temporary lymphopenia induced by cardiopulmonary bypass and progression to AIDS.
Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1992 Oct
PMID:Cardiac surgery in HIV-positive intravenous drug addicts: influence of cardiopulmonary bypass on the progression to AIDS. 148 17

The presence of the HIV virus has introduced a new risk to the surgeon and the operating team. Vascular and cardiac surgeons are at a higher risk of percutaneous exposure to blood than many other surgical groups. Re-examination of basic surgical techniques enables the development of strategies for the handling of instruments to minimise the risks of accidental injuries to operating room staff. This includes methods for transfer of sharp instruments and the tying of knots, techniques for operating in deep cavities, retraction of wounds, and the abandonment of some traditional techniques such as the use of hand needles. All cardiac and vascular surgeons must re-examine their surgical techniques. Trainee surgeons in these specialties must be taught safe strategies, which will then reduce the risk of AIDS in the whole surgical team.
J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino)
PMID:AIDS and the vascular surgeon. 157 67

Impaired polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) function may contribute to the onset of certain bacterial and fungal infections and to tissue damage in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients. Published data on PMN function in HIV infection are controversial, possibly because most studies have involved PMNs isolated from the normal blood environment by various procedures that may modify PMN responses. We therefore used flow cytometry to study the expression of adhesion molecules at the PMN surface, actin polymerization, and the oxidative burst of whole-blood PMNs in 42 HIV-infected patients at different stages of the disease. These PMNs were activated in vivo, as shown by increased expression of the adhesion molecule CD11b/CD18, reduced L-selectin antigen expression, increased actin polymerization, and increased H2O2 production. The alterations were present in asymptomatic patients with CD4+ cell counts above 500/microliters and did not increase with progression of the disease. This PMN activation could contribute to the oxidative stress described in HIV infection. Stimulation by bacterial N-formyl peptides showed dysregulation of L-selectin shedding and decreased H2O2 production after cx vivo priming with tumor necrosis factor-alpha or interleukin-8. These latter impairments, which correlated with the decrease in CD4+ lymphocyte numbers, could contribute to the increased susceptibility of HIV-infected patients to bacterial infections.
J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1995
PMID:Impairment of polymorphonuclear neutrophil function in HIV-infected patients. 869 65

Although cardiac involvement has been commonly described in HIV-infected patients, cardiac tamponade is an unusual feature of AIDS-related non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. We describe an AIDS patient with undiagnosed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma presenting with hemodynamics of pericardial tamponade.
Cathet Cardiovasc Diagn 1998 Nov
PMID:Hemodynamics of cardiac tamponade in a patient with AIDS-related non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. 982 89

Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas described in patients with HIV-infection are most often high-grade B-cell lymphomas. Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (CD 30+) has been described in a minority of immunocompromised patients. Although sporadic reports of T-cell lymphomas associated with HIV infection are found in the literature, they have not been described to occur in the myocardium. We present a case of anaplastic large cell lymphoma (CD 30+), T-phenotype involving the heart in a 42-year-old HIV-positive patient.
Cardiovasc Pathol
PMID:Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (CD 30+), T-phenotype, in the heart of an HIV-positive man. 1073 7

Thanks to a worldwide collaborative effort among health care providers, academia, governments, and industry, our knowledge base about infection caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has expanded exponentially. During the past 2 decades, we have learned about its pathogenesis, virology, immunology, epidemiology and treatment. In the developed world, the approach to persons with HIV disease has evolved from palliative disease care to use of a chronic disease model, where survival is measured by decades, not months or years. More and more, clinical decision-making for HIV-infected patients is driven by comorbidities, including cardiothoracic disease. Thus, our clinically stable HIV population is increasingly accessing those health care services required by any maturing population, including the usual services of cardiothoracic surgeons. In this article, we review the basic facts of HIV disease, with an emphasis on occupational risks and infection control procedures.
Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2000 Apr
PMID:An overview of HIV infection and AIDS: etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, epidemiology, and occupational exposure. 1080 35

Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), which typically consists of 3-drug combinations of antiretroviral agents, has decreased dramatically the incidence of AIDS and death among HIV-infected persons in the United States. HIV infection no longer is viewed as a death sentence. Complete suppression of viral replication through the use of HAART can reverse the immune deficits formerly thought to be inevitable. However, drug toxicity, cross-resistance, and less-than-perfect adherence to prescribed antiretroviral regimens make the medical management of the HIV-infected person complex. An overview of the current approach to antiretroviral therapy is presented in this article.
Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2000 Apr
PMID:Treatment of HIV disease in the new millennium. 1080 36

Since the first deliberate open heart operation was performed on a patient known to be carrying HIV, much has been learned. The fear that cardiopulmonary bypass might cause acceleration of the disease has not been borne out. Patients infected with HIV have shown considerable tolerance to major cardiac and pulmonary surgery. Indeed, the extraordinary fruits of a massive research effort have made it reasonable to perform elective surgery and to offer major surgery to patients with the full-blown syndrome of AIDS. The concern that the operators would be exposed to significant risk of acquiring the infection during surgery has proved to be unfounded. This has been in part due to the widespread adoption of universal precautions against the passage of microorganisms from patient to operator. However, there remain surgeons who ignore these precautions. The price they pay is the risk of acquiring hepatitis, which is far more easily transmitted than AIDS and may be fatal.
Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2000 Apr
PMID:Cardiac surgery and the human immunodeficiency virus. 1080 37

While cardiac myocytes are not generally considered conventional cellular targets of retroviral infection with HIV-1, the increasing recognition of AIDS related cardiomyopathy has raised important questions as to the viral pathogenesis. Our laboratory has explored the role of simian immunodeficiency viral (SIV) infection in non-human primates as a suitable large-animal model to examine cardiac involvement. Our data suggest that in the presence of inflammatory myocarditis, SIV is localized to CD4 bearing inflammatory cells and not cardiac myocytes, suggesting that the heart may be an innocent bystander in AIDS cardiomyopathy.
Trends Cardiovasc Med 2001 Aug
PMID:SIV cardiomyopathy in non-human primates. 1167 55

We describe an unusual case of a body cavity-based lymphoma, otherwise termed primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), involving the atria of the heart of an HIV-seropositive patient. This is the first reported case of the involvement of the heart by this rare lymphoma. This HIV-related lymphoma represents a distinct B-cell malignancy associated with human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8) infection. It is characterized by involvement of body cavities, with infrequent evidence of organ or bone marrow infiltration. The tumor cells are large, nucleolated with an immunoblastic or anaplastic appearance, positive for activation markers, such as CD30, and negative for B-cell and T-cell immunophenotypic markers. Integration of HHV-8 DNA sequences is considered the hallmark of PEL. The tumor demonstrates frequent association with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and uniform absence of c-myc oncogene rearrangement, unlike most other HIV-related lymphomas.
Cardiovasc Pathol
PMID:Human herpesvirus-8-positive body cavity-based lymphoma involving the atria of the heart: a case report. 1214 Jan 31


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