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Query: UMLS:C0019693 (HIV)
 170,526 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Latency of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) has been demonstrated in both helper T-Lymphocytes and cells of the macrophage/monocyte series. Although mitogen-dependent amplification of HIV infection within lymphocytes and monocytes/macrophages has been demonstrated to occur in vitro, in vivo evidence of such a phenomenon has been lacking. We have performed electron microscopic and immunocytochemical evaluation of skin biopsies from a patient with the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) with chronic erythroderma. These biopsies provided evidence of proliferation of HIV in macrophages interacting with activated lymphocytes (CD3+). These macrophages were undergoing morphologic changes characteristic of cytopathicity and contained numerous viral particles, many of which were actively budding from plasma membranes. Cutaneous macrophages which were not interacting with lymphocytes did not demonstrate cytopathicity or evidence of viral multiplication. These in vivo data substantiate the concept that activation of cells which harbour latent HIV promotes viral replication as well as subsequent cytopathicity.
Australas J Dermatol 1990
PMID:Proliferation of HIV in lymphocyte--associated macrophages with cytopathic changes in AIDS erythroderma. 214 25

In Sweden, the high numbers of infections with Chlamydia trachomatis and human papillomavirus and the threat of human immunodeficiency virus has been the origin of an ongoing change in the care for people with sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). This is based on the view that traditional STDs, HIV, and abortions are different consequences of the same thing--unprotected intercourse--so prevention of one means prevention of the others and they should always be considered together. There is a growing understanding that epidemiological aspects of STD have to be improved. To attain these goals, new measures are taken at different levels. Central organization committees are created in the counties for the management of STD care. Youth clinics are given better resources. A new kind of department for problems related to sexuality is developed with contributions primarily from gynecology and venereology. The well-established Swedish tradition for sex education is reinforced.
Semin Dermatol 1990 Jun
PMID:Prevention of sexually transmitted diseases and abortions--the present situation for medical care of sexually transmitted diseases in Sweden. 216 23

Oral hairy leukoplakia, usually observed on the lateral border of the tongue, may herald the development of symptomatic human immunodeficiency virus infection. This paper reviews the pertinent clinical features and differential diagnosis, histology, methods of establishing a definitive diagnosis, and management of the patient with this Epstein-Barr virus-associated lesion.
J Dermatol Surg Oncol 1990 Sep
PMID:Oral hairy leukoplakia. 216 6

Oral hairy leukoplakia is a disease of the oral mucosa occurring almost exclusively in HIV-infected (mostly AIDS) patients and due to the opportunistic development of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) within the oral epithelium. Clinically, it shows as whitish patches with a shaggy surface occurring on the lateral margins of the tongue, less frequently the buccal and labial mucosa or the soft palate. Histologically, it comprises parakeratotic hyperkeratosis, acanthosis and numerous koilocytoid cells within the stratum spinosum, i. e. cells with a pycnotic nucleus surrounded by a clear halo and pale-staining cytoplasm. Electronmicroscopy readily shows abundant Herpes-group viral particles within the upper epithelial layers. By immunohistochemistry, in situ molecular hybridization and Southern-blot EBV antigens and DNA have been demonstrated within the lesions whereas HPV and HIV are generally undetectable. In the present work we studied by light- and electronmicroscopy lesions from 8 HIV-seropositive individuals that fulfilled the clinical and histological criteria of OHL. Ultrastructural examination showed the presence in all cases of Herpes-type virions, which, in two of the cases studied by immunohistochemistry, proved to belong to the EBV. It is concluded that electronmicroscopy is a sufficiently sensitive examination to confirm the diagnosis of OHL suggested in the presence of an appropriate clinico-histological setting.
Ann Dermatol Venereol 1990
PMID:[Oral hairy leukoplakia in AIDS. Histologic and ultrastructural study of 8 cases]. 216 22

In 1984, Greek physicians reported on the clustering of cases of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) on the Peloponnesus peninsula. To gain more insight into its pathogenesis, we studied the seroepidemiologic and clinicopathologic characteristics of 12 Greek KS patients (eight male/four female) five of whom were residents of an endemic area on the Peloponnesus. These patients were in good general health with ages ranging from 48 to 80 years, had no clinical signs of immunodeficiency, and combined the features of both classic and epidemic KS in that they displayed not only involvement of acral areas but also widespread mucocutaneous lesions. Routine laboratory data were within normal limits; no patient had HTLV-1 and HIV-1/2 antibodies, but all patients had antibodies to several herpesviruses. The histopathology was characteristic of KS with the peculiar feature of a dense infiltrate composed predominantly of CD4+ T lymphocytes. Immunoenzymatic/morphologic studies of the KS cells were consistent with their origin from lymphatic endothelium. Outstanding ultrastructural findings were tubuloreticular structures and cylindrical confronting cisternae, structures that are indicative of an ongoing viral infection. Indeed, extensive electronmicroscopic studies resulted in the detection of retrovirus-like particles in close association to KS cells in five of 12 patients. This in situ observation opens the possibility that this retro-virus contributes to KS development.
J Invest Dermatol 1990 Oct
PMID:Endemic Kaposi's sarcoma in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-seronegative persons: demonstration of retrovirus-like particles in cutaneous lesions. 217 May 37

Thirty-three cases of hairy leucoplakia (HL) in HIV-positive patients were studied. The most frequent clinical presentation was the development of corrugated plaques on the lateral sides of the tongue without spiculations on the surface. In all biopsies, herpetic-type viral inclusions were found. In 12 out of 14 cases in whom an electromicroscopic study was carried out, only viral particles of the herpes group were found. Human papillomavirus (HPV) was not demonstrated, although by means of immunohistochemistry, positive labelling for HPV was found in 95% of the cases. The aetiopathological significance of these findings remains to be evaluated.
Clin Exp Dermatol 1990 Sep
PMID:Hairy leucoplakia--a clinical, histopathological and ultrastructural study in 33 patients. 217 19

Numerous flat and tinea versicolor-like warts developed on the face, trunk, and upper extremities of a 10-year-old boy with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Nucleic acid analysis of involved skin revealed human papillomavirus type 5, which has sometimes been associated with epidermodysplasia verruciformis. This human papillomavirus type has also been described in patients with common variable immunodeficiency and dyskeratosis congenita and in renal allograft recipients. Human immunodeficiency virus infection should be added to the list of immune-related disorders that predispose to widespread flat warts.
J Am Acad Dermatol 1990 Nov
PMID:Widespread flat warts associated with human papillomavirus type 5: a cutaneous manifestation of human immunodeficiency virus infection. 217 38

The HIV-infection represents simultaneously a new and important problem. Multiple changes appear on skin and mucous membranes in all stages of the infection. These changes have an essential diagnostic significance especially in the early phase of the infection. The most important changes become represented systematically in relation to the progress of the disease.
Dermatol Monatsschr 1990
PMID:[Cutaneous manifestations of HIV infection]. 217 86

At the end of October 1988, more than 75,000 adults and more than 1000 children had been reported with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS); more than half of those diagnosed have died. Most adult cases fall into specific risk categories: homosexual and bisexual men, intravenous drug abusers, hemophiliacs and transfusion recipients, and heterosexual partners of infected persons. These categories are related to the known transmission routes of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In children, the risk groups are different; most cases represent perinatal transmission of HIV. Black and Hispanic persons are disproportionately affected by AIDS in the United States and make up almost 40% of all reported cases. In 1986, AIDS was the eighth leading cause of premature death in this country, and if current trends continue, it will become the second by 1992. Although HIV infection rates in "risk group" members have been extensively studied, much less is known about infection rates in persons outside these groups. A variety of surveys are under way to monitor the spread of HIV. The epidemiologic puzzle of Kaposi's sarcoma is considered, as well as reasons for the decrease in it as a proportion of all AIDS cases.
J Am Acad Dermatol 1990 Jun
PMID:AIDS: epidemiologic features. 219 43

There are only three known routes of transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV): (1) exposure to blood via transfusion, sharing of contaminated needles by drug abusers, occupational needle stick or blood spill, unsterile needle injections; (2) sexual transmission; (3) perinatal exposure. There is no evidence for transmission by close interpersonal nonsexual contact or insect vectors. Health care workers are at risk for HIV transmission through accidental parenteral inoculation or extensive exposure to blood on nonintact skin or mucous membranes. Fortunately, population studies indicate that this risk is low and may be further reduced by adherence to simple infection control guidelines. The accumulated information on low rates of occupational transmission of HIV makes unwarranted the treatment of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or HIV infection as if they were highly contagious in the health care setting.
J Am Acad Dermatol 1990 Jun
PMID:Risk of transmission of HIV to home care and health care workers. 219 44


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