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Query: UMLS:C0019693 (HIV)
 170,526 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

For a better understanding of the pathogenetic events operative in the cutaneous manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) disease, we investigated whether epidermal cells (EC) from HIV-1-seronegative persons can be infected with HIV-1 and, vice versa, whether HIV-1 can be rescued from the epidermis of HIV-1-infected individuals. In a series of three experiments, we consistently found that exposure of EC from HIV-1-seronegative donors to HIV-1 led to viral replication in these cells as evidenced by the detection of HIV-1 p24 in culture fluids. Because EC had been substantially enriched for Langerhans cells (LC) before being exposed to HIV-1, it is reasonable to assume that these CD1a+/CD4+/MHC class II+ antigen-presenting cells of the epidermis represented the actual targets of infection. This assumption is further strengthened by the observation that T cell-depleted cell suspensions from Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) lesions could be productively infected with HIV-1. Conversely, co-culture of epidermal sheets from HIV-1-seropositive individuals with mononuclear phagocytes (MNP) from HIV-1-seronegative donors resulted, after 3 to 5 weeks, in the detection of HIV-1 p24 in 12 of 23 cases. Immunocytochemical analysis, using a monoclonal antibody specific for p24, revealed the presence of HIV-1 in adherent MNP in three cocultures tested. In addition, cellular DNA from these cultures showed strong signals when hybridized to a HIV-1-specific DNA probe. The further finding that two isolates examined exhibited different restriction enzyme patterns indicates that they are separate entities rather than contaminants. Transmission of these isolates to MNP, B- or T-cell lines resulted in cultures strongly positive for p24 and, in the case of H9 cells, for viral particles as detected by electron microscopy. Our results therefore strongly suggest that EC not only can serve as targets for HIV-1, but also can allow efficient virus replication and transmit HIV-1 to various cell types of the hematopoietic lineage.
J Invest Dermatol 1992 Sep
PMID:Isolation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 from human epidermis: virus replication and transmission studies. 151 62

Persons infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can develop a variety of dermatoses in which the primary lesions are scaly papules or plaques. These dermatoses can be the presenting clinical manifestations of HIV infection. Depending on the degree of immune dysfunction, the clinical and histopathologic appearance may be typical or quite unusual.
Dermatol Nurs 1992 Aug
PMID:HIV-associated papulosquamous diseases. 151

The development of pityriasis rubra pilaris (PRP) in three patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is described. Two of the patients had onset of severe generalized cystic acne concomitant with their development of PRP. PRP and acne conglobata should be added to the group of cutaneous disorders that can present in a more virulent manner in the setting of HIV infection. The association of cystic acne with PRP and their response to treatment are discussed.
Br J Dermatol 1992 Jun
PMID:Pityriasis rubra pilaris in the setting of HIV infection: clinical behaviour and association with explosive cystic acne. 153 16

Patients with classical European Kaposi's sarcoma were treated by intra- and peritumoral injections of human alpha leukocyte interferon (IFN) (12 cases) or, alternatively, with IFN and naturally synthesized IL-2 (8 cases). All the patients were HIV negative with tumors which had been present for at least six months. In each patient, one tumor received 1 ml (50,000 IU) IFN alone or alternatively associated with 1 ml IL-2 twice a week for 4-6 weeks; another nodule situated 10-12 cm away was considered as a control and remained uninjected. The clinical follow-up revealed that, in the same patient in the same anatomical area, the treated nodule was cured in all the investigated cases; the untreated one was not. These data strongly suggest that IFN is the factor responsible for the involution and final cure of these Kaposi tumors treated by perilesional inoculations. Association with IL-2 (and certainly also other interleukins) increases the beneficial clinical activation of the tumor involution. Histological examination showed that important histopathological changes occur in the treated nodules: complete disappearance of the Kaposi's aspect, fibrosclerous modifications progressively replacing the fibroblasts characteristic of Kaposi's sarcoma, abundant infiltrations of leukocytes, especially lymphocytes and necrotic patches, often with hemorrhagic centers. IL-2 association seems to especially induce this last type of histological phenomenon.
J Dermatol 1992 Jan
PMID:Intralesional human leukocyte interferon treatment alone or associated with IL-2 in non-AIDS related Kaposi's sarcoma. 159 18

An 11-years-old girl with lupus vulgaris on the right buttock following inoculation is described. The diagnosis was formed by the history, morphological characteristics, Mantoux test, histopathology, and was supported by an affirmative response to short course intensive chemotherapy (6 months). This route of infection acquires special significance with the worldwide-spread of HIV infection.
J Dermatol 1992 Jan
PMID:Inoculation lupus vulgaris. 159 22

Dermatology nurses are playing an increasing role in the assessment and care of HIV-infected patients. Recognition and proper care of the cutaneous manifestations of HIV disease are vital for improving the patient's health and comfort.
Dermatol Nurs 1992 Apr
PMID:Dermatologic aspects of HIV in dermatology nursing. 159 22

Cutaneous malignant melanoma was diagnosed in three patients suffering from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Staging at presentation inversely correlated with absolute CD4 count. In addition, a notably sparse lymphocytic inflammatory response to the melanoma was observed in two cases. Established data on melanoma in non-HIV immunosuppressed patients suggests a poor prognosis for melanoma in HIV disease.
Br J Dermatol 1992 May
PMID:Cutaneous malignant melanoma and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection: a report of three cases. 161 Jun 94

A case of porphyria cutanea tarda in a human immunodeficiency virus-infected patient with hemophilia is reported. Onset of skin manifestations of porphyria cutanea tarda coincided with deterioration of immune function. However, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome has not yet developed with a follow-up interval of 39 months. Treatment with zidovudine and topical steroids has resulted in significant improvement in the skin lesions. The clinical features of 11 other reported cases of human immunodeficiency virus-associated porphyria cutanea tarda are reviewed. The data suggest that a true association exists between human immunodeficiency virus infection and porphyria cutanea tarda, with onset of clinical signs of porphyria cutanea tarda coincident with declining immunologic function.
J Am Acad Dermatol 1992 May
PMID:Porphyria cutanea tarda in association with human immunodeficiency virus infection in a hemophiliac. 161 50

Oral hairy leukoplakia (OHL) is seen almost exclusively in patients infected with HIV. A case is reported of OHL occurring in a patient who was seronegative for HIV and who had a renal graft. This occurred following an increase in his treatment with immunosuppressive drugs.
Br J Dermatol 1991 May
PMID:Oral hairy leukoplakia in a HIV-negative renal graft recipient. 164 82

Although cytomegalovirus has previously been reported in cutaneous lesions of patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus, these reports are not common despite the prevalence of this infection and the significant pathologic characteristics that it induces in HIV disease. Rare reports of possible epidermal involvement by cytomegalovirus have never been fully documented and have been believed by some to represent epidermal involvement by varicella-zoster and/or herpes simplex infections, with dermal involvement of cytomegalovirus. We present two cases of concurrent epidermal involvement by cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex virus documented by immunohistochemical studies and DNA hybridization studies and correlate this with the distinctive morphologic features seen in these two viral infections on routine staining.
J Am Acad Dermatol 1991 Sep
PMID:Concurrent epidermal involvement of cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex virus in two HIV-infected patients. Military Medical Consortium for Applied Retroviral Research (MMCARR). 165 36


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