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Query: UMLS:C0019693 (HIV)
 170,526 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Four protease inhibitors are compared: Saquinavir (Invirase, Fortovase), Indinavir (Crixivan), Ritonavir (Norvir), and Nelfinavir (Viracept). Key questions are answered on how dosages change when combined with nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), and other protease inhibitors. Information on administration and storage and the impact of each drug on disease development are reviewed. Drug interactions between protease inhibitors and other HIV drugs and non-HIV medications are described. Side effects are also discussed. Pediatric use is addressed, including suggested dosages. Contact information for each manufacturer is provided, along with approximate annual price for treatment.
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PMID:Protease inhibitors at a glance.... 1136 98

Two recent reports indicate that the anti-HIV drugs Viramune (Nevirapine) and Sustiva (efavirenz) can reduce levels of Methadone, sometimes causing withdrawal. Other drugs already known to reduce Methadone levels include Norvir (Ritonavir) and Viracept (Nelfinavir), while Crixivan (Indinavir) and Fortovase (Saquinavir) may increase them. Another study has shown that Methadone may lower levels of ddI (Videx), suggesting a need to increase ddI dosages in those taking Methadone.
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PMID:Methadone and anti-HIV drugs. 1136 5

Drug options, presented at the 6th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, for HIV-infected people switching their regimen due to drug failure are examined. Alternatives discussed include use of Zerit after AZT, Epivir versus Rescriptor, and Sustiva versus Viracept. A study of Crixivan and the issue of resistance are also addressed. Results of some studies presented indicate that a switch to a new drug combination should include at least two new drugs, and that Sustiva and Viracept used together with two nukes were better than a Viracept triple combination. Final comments briefly explore the relationship between drug failure and CD4+ T-cell count.
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PMID:For people needing a new drug. 1136 52

A group of doctors in Boston warn that the protease inhibitor Viracept may cause an irregular heart beat, known as bradycardia, in people with HIV. Bradycardia occurred in a 45-year-old male patient who was Viracept in combination with other anti-HIV drugs. The symptoms ceased after switching to another drug combination.
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PMID:Viracept and irregular heartbeat warning. 1136 74

Protease inhibitors are the most well-known type of HIV drug, and five of them are currently approved by the Federal government. This first-generation of protease inhibitors includes Crixivan, Norvir, Fortovase, Viracept, and Agenerase. These drugs, while effective, do not eliminate HIV from the body, nor do they work well for everyone. A second-generation of protease inhibitors is in development, that researchers hope will be easier to take, and better at eliminating HIV. Included in this group are L-756,423, Tipranavir, BMS232632, and ABT-378(r). The benefits and potential drawbacks of each drug are briefly described. People who are considering switching treatments should consult their doctors about the possibility of entering a clinical trial.
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PMID:The younger generation. 1136 65

Agouron Pharmaceuticals trial results suggest additional treatment options for people taking or considering taking Viracept in combination with other anti-HIV drugs. The clinical test results with Viracept and other drugs are presented. Viracept was tested for safety and efficacy with Fortovase (saquinavir soft gel), Norvir (ritonavir), Crixivan (indinavir), 1592 (abacavir), and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.
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PMID:Protease inhibitor combos. 1136 48

In the last five years, as HAART has become standard therapy in HIV seropositive or AIDS patients, changes have been noted in the numbers and types of opportunistic fungal infections in these cohorts of patients. Particularly, oropharyngeal candidiasis have become rare in HIV infected patients since the introduction of new anti-HIV drugs of the protease inhibitors type. At the Immunology Institute of the Universidad Central de Venezuela the most frequent protease inhibitors (PIs) used for the treatment of these patients have been: Nelfinavir (Viracept, Roche), Indinavir (Crixivan Merck), Ritonavir (Norvir, Abbott), Saquinavir (Fortovase, Roche). Recently, we observed that recurrent candidiasis was less frequent and no Candida could be isolated in our patients. A direct relation to the PIs was suspected. In order to assess the "in vitro" antifungal activity of the afore mentioned protease inhibitors on Candida sp., we used both the well diffusion test and the NCCLS broth microdilution test to assay 100 Candida sp. isolates from HIV seropositive or AIDS patients with syntomatic oropharyngeal Candida infection. In general, the data obtained with the well diffusion test were in agreement with those obtained by the broth microdilution test. All 100 isolates were susceptible to Saquinavir and 32 were susceptible to Indinavir using the NCCLS microdilution test, while 97 were susceptible to Saquinavir and 52 to Indinavir by the well diffusion test. From 17 C. albicans resistant to fluconazole, all were susceptible to Saquinavir by the NCCLS micromethod and 16 by the well diffusion test. Our results showed anticandidal activity "in vitro" of PIs, mainly Saquinavir.
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PMID:"In vitro" antifungal activity of protease inhibitors. 1181 41

Results from several recent studies may help clarify how to best use anti-HIV drugs as part of first line therapy. These results seem to suggest that nelfinavir (Viracept), the most widely used protease inhibitor, may not be as potent as other drugs in its class or some of the non-nucleoside RT inhibitors (NNRTIs). This article provides an overview of the studies.
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PMID:Nelfinavir potency concerns. 1276 49

Protease inhibitors are potent agents against HIV but their use is constrained by poor pharmacokinetics, cross-resistance and metabolic toxicities. Atazanavir [Reyataz] is a new protease inhibitors with once-daily dosing and minimal lipid and glycemic effects. Resistance studies of clinical isolates reveal a mutational pattern distinctive from that of other protease inhibitors. Atazanavir selects for the I50L mutation in HIV protease that confers increased susceptibility to other protease inhibitors in vitro. Clinical trials have shown comparable efficacy to nelfinavir (Viracept) and efavirenz (Sustiva) in treatment-naive patients, and in preliminary studies, ritonavir-boosted atazanavir is effective in patients failing previous protease inhibitor-containing regimens. Reversible elevations in bilirubin occur in some patients but are not associated with hepatic injury. Atazanavir improves upon aspects of currently-available protease inhibitors and appears useful for initial and possibly subsequent HIV therapy.
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PMID:Atazanavir: improving the HIV protease inhibitor class. 1548 37

Nelfinavir (Viracept) is an orally administered protease inhibitor. In combination with other antiretroviral drugs (usually nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors [NRTIs]), nelfinavir produces substantial and sustained reductions in viral load in patients with HIV infection. Nelfinavir may be used in the treatment of adults, adolescents and children aged >or=2 years with HIV infection. It can also be used in pregnancy. Resistance to nelfinavir may develop, but the most common mutation (D30N, appearing mainly in HIV-1 subtype B) does not confer resistance to other protease inhibitors, thereby conserving these agents for later use. Although less effective than lopinavir/ritonavir, the preferred first-line treatment in US guidelines, nelfinavir is positioned as an alternative agent for the treatment of adults and adolescents with HIV infection and is an option for those unable to tolerate other protease inhibitors. Nelfinavir also has a role in the management of pregnant patients as well as paediatric patients with HIV infection.
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PMID:Nelfinavir: a review of its use in the management of HIV infection. 1622 78


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