Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019693 (HIV)
 170,526 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

ACTG 291, a study of recombinant human nerve growth factor (NGF) in people with HIV-associated neuropathy, should be fully enrolled by the Spring of 1997. One study of NGF in patients with diabetic neuropathy found that the drug improved neurologic function and produced an increase in the patients' ability to sense cooling or painful heat. A follow-up study has been put on hold due to drug supply problems, a situation that may affect ACTG 291 and the ability to continue treating study participants after the trial is complete. Less wasteful packaging and closer coordination of study participants' visits are possible solutions to the supply problem.
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PMID:Nerve growth factor study opens. 1136 13

The ACTG 315 study showed that people with moderately advanced HIV disease who received three months of combination therapy have partial restoration of immune function. The study is the first to measure the immunological consequences of such therapy.
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PMID:Drug cocktail restores partial immunity. 1136 50

ACTG 076 showed that AZT dramatically reduced the rate of mother-to-child transmission of HIV when administered during pregnancy and childbirth. Researchers concluded that the benefits far outweighed possible increased cancer risks, and emphasized the need for long-term follow up of all children exposed in utero to AZT.
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PMID:Panel affirms importance of prenatal AZT use. 1136 72

Research presented at the Third Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections included reports on partial restoration of immune function and prolonged survival in people with HIV. Findings from several studies are highlighted. ACTG 315 suggests that potent new drug cocktails may partially restore immune system function. ACTG 193A demonstrates that three antiretrovirals are more effective than two for delaying disease progression and prolonging survival in individuals with advanced HIV disease. Other studies presented new findings on the HIV disease process and the complex interactions between the virus and the human immune system.
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PMID:NIAID researchers present new findings at retrovirus meeting. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. 1136 73

Several clinical trials have been shut down earlier than planned, following the striking results shown in the trials. ACTG 320, studying whether an AZT/3TC combination was more effective if indinavir was added, was opposed early on because it seemed a waste of resources. The risk of disease progression was halved when indinavir was added. Merck Protocol 028, another disease progression trial, targeted a treatment-naive population with advanced HIV. The trial took place in Brazil because the AIDS-infected population had less access to treatment than people in the U.S., and was halted immediately following a major newspaper article on it. ACTG 333 tested the consequences of long-term use of hard capsule saquinavir, and found that it is poorly absorbed and there is only a very modest effect on HIV.
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PMID:Spring cleaning in trial land. 1136 75

Although a safety review board stopped ACTG 320 before its completion, the study showed that a three-drug combination could cut the mortality rate from AIDS in half. Study participants who were taking two nucleoside analog drugs were also given a protease inhibitor, and they developed half as many opportunistic infections as those on only two drugs. However, the study also showed that simply adding a protease inhibitor to a treatment regimen that was not working was not effective. The results of ACTG 320 show that the era of monotherapy is over, and that strong anti-HIV combinations designed to reduce viral load to undetectable levels is the preferred treatment.
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PMID:Three drug combo halves AIDS deaths. 1136 83

ACTG 250 showed that nevirapine was safe for women and their newborn infants, and further research may show that it is effective in cutting HIV transmission rates from mothers to children for a cost of only two dollars. Women in labor were given the drug, with the infant receiving a single follow-up dose; no toxicities were reported, and the drug remained in their blood for a week. ACTG 316 is currently underway to determine the effectiveness of this treatment.
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PMID:Two bucks a baby. 1136 50

The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) stopped a clinical trial (ACTG 300) of more than 600 children because of obvious benefits of the combination of zidovudine (AZT) plus lamivudine (3TC) over didanosine (ddI) monotherapy in reducing disease progression. The children had symptomatic HIV disease with little or no experience with antiretrovirals. A third treatment using AZT plus ddI also did better than using ddI alone, although there is less information on this arm of the study.
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PMID:Major pediatric study stopped early: combination treatment better. 1136 62

A number of AIDS clinical trials group studies are investigating the prevention of perinatal HIV transmission (PHT) using triple regimens. Each study generally requires that pregnant women begin prophylactic regimens during the latter part of their pregnancy. Dosing during delivery will involve intravenous infusions of AZT and continued oral doses of two other agents (except indinavir will be discontinued at the first sign of labor). Four studies (ACTG 353, 354, 357, 358) will combine a protease inhibitor, either nelfinavir, ritonavir, 1592U89, or indinavir, with AZT and 3TC. Other studies (ACTG 332, 316, 324, 076) will investigate simpler regimens in response to the problems associated with multiple drug antiretroviral regimens such as increased risk of side effects, high cost, and complicated dosing schedules.
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PMID:New studies of methods for preventing perinatal HIV transmission. 1136 23

A 3-drug AIDS treatment trial, ACTG 320, was halted early after it became clinically evident that the therapy was superior to 2-drug combinations in reducing death rates and new AIDS-related illnesses. The study demonstrates the superiority of indinavir/AZT (or d4T) plus 3TC over AZT (or d4T) plus 3TC. These results show that protease inhibitor-containing 3-drug regimens offer greater benefits to patients with advanced disease, but leaves open the question of whether to start similar 3-drug therapy in patients with earlier stages of HIV disease. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) announced an overall 12 percent reduction in AIDS deaths in the United States in 1996. Total deaths from AIDS in New York City were reduced approximately 30 percent in 1996, but it is believed greater access to care and wider use of other 2- and 3-drug regimens have also contributed to the reduction. Analyses have also shown dramatic reductions in AIDS-related death rates in Los Angeles and a 28 percent reduction in home health care costs; both contributed to by the new 3-drug combinations. Since France's medical centers began using the 3-drug combination therapy in 1995 and 1996, they have reported a 35 percent decrease in AIDS-defining illnesses and AIDS-related hospital stays, and a reduction in hospital costs.
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PMID:3-drug therapy reduces deaths and new AIDS-related illnesses by 50%. 1136 27


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