Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019693 (HIV)
 170,526 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Background: Nutrition is critical to HIV mortality and morbidity. Improved treatment modalities have increased life expectancy of HIV-infected individuals. More than 1 million US adults are living with HIV, but little is known about their nutritional status. Objective: We aimed to characterize the nutritional status of those living with HIV with the use of the NHANES 2003-2014. Methods: The NHANES is a nationally representative, cross-sectional survey of the US population and includes a household interview, medical examination, and two 24-h dietary recalls; survey weights are applied to make the data nationally representative. HIV antibodies were ascertained initially by immunoassay and confirmed with Western blot. NHANES 2003-2014 data were analyzed for HIV-positive (n = 87) and HIV-negative (n = 15,868) US adults (aged 19-49 y). Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, dietary intakes, and nutritional biomarkers were estimated and compared by HIV status, stratified by sex. Results: HIV-infected men and women had higher serum protein, lower serum albumin, and lower serum folate than did non-HIV-infected adults. HIV-positive women had significantly higher BMI, prevalence of overweight or obesity, and waist circumference risk and substantially lower serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations (44 compared with 65 nmol/L) than did HIV-negative women. When compared with HIV-negative women, HIV-positive women had lower intakes of some key nutrients such as fiber, vitamin E, vitamin K, magnesium, and potassium but had higher intakes of protein and niacin. Conclusions: The NHANES data suggest that HIV infection is associated with poorer markers of some nutritional status indicators; however, the US population prevalence of HIV is <0.5%. Given the small sample size, not only in this study but also in the United States, much more targeted research is needed to better understand the multitude of factors that influence the nutritional status among those living with HIV in the United States, especially among women.
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PMID:The Nutritional Status of HIV-Infected US Adults. 2995 83

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in persons with human immunodeficiency virus (PWH). The risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is higher in PWH compared to uninfected persons. Dyslipidemia is a critical link in the pathogenesis of ASCVD in PWH. Chronic inflammation associated with HIV infection may drive both dyslipidemia and ASCVD. Areas covered: The authors review the evidence for using lipid-lowering therapy in PWH and includes an overview of the utility and complexity of using statins in PWH, in particular, drug interactions, safety, and efficacy. In addition, data covering alternate therapies like omega-3 fatty acids, fibrates, niacin, ezetimibe, and PCSK-9 inhibitors are reviewed. Expert opinion: Dyslipidemia is a common problem in PWH. The risk of ASCVD is higher in PWH. Lipid-lowering therapy reduces the risk of ASCVD, but clinical endpoint trials are lacking in PWH. Statin therapy is the mainstay of primary prevention for ASCVD. The timing of when to initiate primary prevention with statins in PWH is unclear. Beyond statins, there are limited data that other lipid-lowering agents have utility in PWH. Ongoing trials like the REPRIEVE trial will inform the community about the optimal approach to lipid-lowering therapy in PWH.
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PMID:Current pharmacotherapy for the treatment of dyslipidemia associated with HIV infection. 3123 17


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