Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019693 (HIV)
 170,526 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Three cases of cryptococcal meningitis in patients with HIV infection are described. A high index of suspicion is required for diagnosis. India ink preparation and culture of the CSF for cryptococcus is mandatory in HIV seropositive patients irrespective of the CSF white cell count and biochemistry.
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PMID:Cryptococcal meningitis occurring in HIV infected individuals. 208 74

A 35 year old homosexual man showed clinical features of myopathy, with progressive muscular weakness of proximal muscles. EMG demonstrated a myopathic pattern; serum CPK was mildly elevated and CSF examination revealed antibodies to HIV and a blood-brain barrier damage. An open biopsy of the quadriceps femoris muscle showed myopathic changes with inflammatory features including a marked variation in fiber size, necrotic fibers and phagocytosis, a profusion of internal nuclei. Fiber type analysis with myosin ATPase reaction revealed that myopathic changes involved both fiber types. Changes in the oxidative enzyme activities were also observed in the degenerating muscle fibers. Electron microscopy showed patterns of myofibrillar degeneration and characteristic rod bodies in 30% of fibers. The close resemblance of the present morphological results with those recently observed in some HIV antibody positive men seems to indicate the existence of a specific structural myopathy associated with AIDS.
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PMID:Acquired rod-body myopathy associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection. 208 87

We studied the production within the CNS of anti-HIV antibodies, of non-specific IgG, and the presence of HIV antigens in the serum and CSF of 28 HIV infected patients belonging to group IV in the Center for Disease Control classification. CSF and serum were diluted under optimal conditions to equalize their IgG content, to enable us to better interpret serum and CSF reactivity by means of Western blot and ELISA. Under these conditions, no patient displayed a limited immunological response profile in CSF as compared to serum. On the contrary, there was intrathecal synthesis (ITS) of anti HIV-antibodies in Western blot test in 21 patients for gp160 and ITS was demonstrable for env, gag, and pol products. ITS of anti-HIV antibodies occurred in 17 patients when measured by ELISA. ITS of non specific IgG and HIV-antigens in CSF were less frequent. A marked anti-HIV response is evident in the CSF-CNS compartment in the later phases of the HIV infection.
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PMID:Intrathecal synthesis of anti-HIV antibodies in AIDS patients. 208 30

Although intensive care medicine and chemotherapy of bacterial infections have made great progress during the last 30 years, therapeutic efficacy in bacterial meningitis in adult patients could not be improved. Retrospective analysis of 391 cases of adult bacterial meningitis between 1950 and 1985 shows no significant changes in etiology and only slight reduction in mortality. The course of the disease depends mostly on age, state of consciousness and CSF cell count. Cases of meningitis in HIV patients and cerebral tuberculosis have not been evaluated in this study.
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PMID:[Fatality of purulent meningitis in adults 1950 to 1985. Retrospective study of the case histories of 391 patients of the Cologne Neurologic University Clinic]. 208 9

sHLA are soluble class I antigens produced by lymphocytes on early activation. We have studied the sHLA index IH = (CSF sHLA/serum sHLA)/(CSF albumin/serum albumin), which reflects the intrathecal synthesis (ITS) of sHLA in 23 intravenous drug abusers with central nervous system (CNS) HIV infection. Their mean IH value was increased and directly correlated with ITS of IgG against HIV when the total group of patients was studied; however, 8 of them, who suffered from concomitant tuberculous meningitis, had a decreased IH. The relationship between this index, blood-brain barrier (BBB) function, and HIV and tuberculous infection was also studied. We consider IH an index of lymphocyte activation within the CNS. Its decrease in patients with CNS HIV infection may reflect the presence of a meningeal opportunistic infection due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
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PMID:Intrathecal synthesis of soluble class I antigens (sHLA) in patients with HIV infection and tuberculous meningitis. 208 32

ELISAs utilizing HIV-derived synthetic peptides as antigen were used to analyze serum and CSF IgG1-4 from 15 HIV infected patients. Intrathecally synthesized IgG1-4 reactive to one or several HIV-derived peptides were detectable in 12 of 15 patients. Intrathecally synthesized anti-peptide IgG was more common in patients with neurological symptoms than in those without. CSF reactivity not paralleled by serum reactivity was detected to HIV-peptides in 4 patients. IgG1-4 to gp41 was relatively more frequent in the CNS than IgG1-4 to gag. Intrathecal IgG synthesis to the gp120 peptide was not detected in any patient. The anti-peptide responses were dominated by IgG1. Intrathecal IgG2 and 4 synthesis was found in 2 and 5 patients, respectively. IgG3 synthesis intrathecally was not detected in any of the patients. ELISAs detecting IgG1-4 to HIV-derived synthetic peptides are feasible to analyze the fine specificities of intrathecal IgG. The mapping of idiotypes and isotypes of IgG synthesized in the CNS will increase the possibilities of elucidating B-cell regulation in the CNS and which viral components evoke immune responses.
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PMID:Fine analysis of intrathecally synthesized anti-HIV IgG1-4 by peptide mapping. 208 39

Two human retroviruses, HIV-1 and HTLV-I, have been associated with myelopathies in addition to other neurologic disorders. We report an American dually infected with HIV-1 and HTLV-I who developed steroid-responsive myeloneuropathy. This 28-year-old bisexual man developed interstitial pneumonitis and a transient midthoracic sensory level followed by the evolution of a slowly progressive spastic paraparesis and sensorimotor neuropathy. Serologic studies demonstrated coinfection with both HIV-1 and HTLV-I. Peripheral blood absolute CD4 count was persistently within the normal range. Cranial MRI was normal and spinal MRI showed T3-T10 atrophy. Serial CSF analyses demonstrated marked intrathecal synthesis of anti-HTLV-I IgG, lymphocytic pleocytosis, elevated protein and immunoglobulin G, and oligoclonal bands. HIV-1 was isolated from CSF but not from peripheral nerve. Lymphoproliferative studies confirmed spontaneous proliferation in both blood and CSF. Soluble interleukin 2 receptor and soluble CD8 were greatly elevated in blood and CSF when compared with patients with HIV-related vacuolar myelopathy and seronegative patients with other causes of myelopathy. Nerve biopsy showed epi- and endoneurial CD8+ lymphocytic infiltration without vasculitis; muscle biopsy showed features of acute and chronic denervation. A 6-week course of prednisone produced sustained improvement in leg strength and walking times. We speculate that the myeloneuropathy was caused by HTLV-I in the setting of coinfection with HIV-1.
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PMID:Steroid-responsive myeloneuropathy in a man dually infected with HIV-1 and HTLV-I. 216 Oct 92

HIV directly affects the CNS, primarily causing subcortical neuropathology. Dementia as the initial presentation is rare, but organic mental changes that mimic many functional disorders can occur during the course of infection. The mental status examination is not adequately sensitive to detect noncognitive dysfunction, and subjective complaints, neurological signs, reduced T4 lymphocytes, CSF abnormalities, diffuse slowing on ECG, mild cerebral atrophy on brain CT, and nonspecific hyperdensities on brain magnetic resonance imaging do not correlate reliably with early and subtle HIV-induced neuropsychological impairment. Zidovudine (AZT) can delay or reverse mental deficits, and psychostimulants can reduce apathetic withdrawal, but high-potency neuroleptics can cause neuroleptic malignant syndrome.
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PMID:Organic mental disorders caused by HIV: update on early diagnosis and treatment. 198 33

Overall GM-CSF is a well tolerated intervention in patients with HIV associated disease. As in a number of other clinical settings, it is able to improve myelopoiesis and abrogate the myelotoxicity of chemotherapeutic agents. At present, clinical data is insufficient to indicate an ultimate clinical benefit from the use of GM-CSF in terms of opportunistic infection, mortality or quality of life for HIV infected patients. As phase I and phase II trials are completed however comparative clinical trials addressing these issues are anticipated. Hematopoietic growth factors may permit the use of optimal doses of therapeutics and thereby play an adjunctive role in the combination therapies anticipated for the treatment of HIV related disease.
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PMID:Granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in AIDS. 218 38

The clinical picture is of aggressive high and intermediate grade lymphoma with extranodal presentation either as the first manifestation or during the course of HIV infection. The dramatic growth of tumors, leukopenia, opportunistic infections, and pre-existing AIDS-related problems of KS and chronic infections have made treatment extremely difficult. New regimens using short courses of chemotherapy, GM-CSF, and antiviral therapy have raised hopes that these measures will lead to improved survival.
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PMID:Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-associated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. 219 39


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