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Query: UMLS:C0019693 (HIV)
 170,526 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A new class of anti-HIV drugs has entered the treatment arena. Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) interfere with infected cells and suppress their ability to replicate. Delaviradine (Rescriptor) and nevirapine (Viramune) are described, including drug interactions, trial results, and the potential for resistance.
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PMID:A new class of anti-HIV drugs. 1136 16

Now available in pharmacies, the first of a new class of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) has been licensed. Nevirapine (marketed as Viramune) is different from nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors because it binds at a different location on the HIV-1 virus and at a different point in the reproduction process in its effort to block HIV replication. Also, HIV-1 mutant strains, which become resistant to other drugs, have remained sensitive to nevirapine. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Antiviral Drugs Advisory Committee recommended that nevirapine be used only in combination therapy, but did not complicate the label by stating whether to include one or two additional drugs. They recommended approval for both treatment-naive and experienced individuals. Although suppression of viral replication is modest, the NNRTIs appear to penetrate the central nervous system and offer an alternative for people either intolerant of or resistant to the currently available nucleoside analogs. A major side effect of the drug is the development of a severe rash. The manufacturer, Boehringer Ingelheim, has promised to issue a booklet on how to manage a nevirapine-related rash. Individuals interested in the patient assistance program may call Boehringer Ingelheim for more information.
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PMID:Nevirapine, the first of a new class of NNRTI drugs arrives in pharmacies. 1136 27

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has given nevirapine (Viramune) accelerated approval for use with nucleoside analogues. Two studies showed patients who used nevirapine in combination with other anti-HIV drugs had significant CD4 improvements and viral load responses. Rashes, sometimes severe occurrences, are the most common side effect of the drug. Current studies indicate nevirapine must be used in combination with two other previously unused anti-HIV drugs to possibly delay and prevent resistance. Some drug interactions with nevirapine are expected. A possible role for triple drug therapy with nevirapine is suggested for managing early-stage HIV-disease, thus saving protease inhibitors for later use if needed.
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PMID:Nevirapine--first of a new class of drugs. 1136 7

Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) are the latest drugs used to treat HIV infection. Three NNRTIs are introduced: Viramune (nevirapine), Rescriptor (delavirdine), and Viracept (nelfinavir). Recommended doses, rates of absorption, side effects, distribution throughout the body, clinical studies, reactions with other drugs, and how the drugs are metabolized are given. A list of agents that may inhibit the effect of Rescriptor and Viracept, such as antihistamines, antibiotics and anti-convulsions, is presented.
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PMID:[New combination medications]. 1136 1

The 1997 HIV/AIDS drugs are outlined and information is provided on their dosage, storage, efficacy, anti-viral effect, effect on T-cells, drug interactions, cross-resistance, cost, and availability. The drugs include Viramune (nevirapine), Rescriptor (delavirdine), and Viracept (nelfinavir).
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PMID:'96-'97 new drugs and the nominees for 1997 are.... 1136 66

ACTG 316 is testing the effectiveness of a single dose of nevirapine (Viramune) in preventing mother-to-child HIV transmission. The drug will be given to the mother during labor, and to the infant between 48 and 72 hours after birth. This placebo-controlled study allows other drugs to be taken concurrently. Women are cautioned not to rely solely on this treatment, but to also obtain standard medical care to prevent HIV transmission. There are no CD4 or viral load requirements for entry. The test will be run in several cities; enrollment information is included. If successful, nevirapine could be an easier, safer, and less expensive treatment than AZT in preventing perinatal transmission.
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PMID:Pregnant women eligible for single-dose nevirapine study. 1136 37

Voluntary HIV testing of pregnant women and perinatal treatment with AZT have caused a decline in the rate of transmission of HIV to infants during delivery. Researchers are now looking at whether AZT in combination with other antiretrovirals will be even more effective in reducing infection rates. At the 37th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (ICAAC) held in Toronto, researchers from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported that up to 80 percent of mothers whose HIV-positive children were identified by HIV/AIDS surveillance knew their health status before giving birth. A total of 77 percent of women received perinatal prophylaxis in 1996, compared to 36 percent in 1994. The CDC also reported a 12 percent infection rate in children who received perinatal treatment from September 1994 to December 1995, compared to 30 percent in those who received no treatment. The CDC is using this surveillance data to help States to determine how close they are to meeting the new guidelines of the Ryan White CARE Act. One requirement is to inform 95 percent of all pregnant women about their HIV status, thereby reducing perinatal infections by half. Of the new treatments being tested to reduce transmission rates, a Phase III study of nevirapine (Viramune) is the farthest along. The ACTG 316 study has begun enrolling women at 18 centers in the United States to test the non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. When combined with European sites, the study population should be large enough to guarantee statistical significance.
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PMID:Perinatal HIV down as treatment increases. 1136 70

The AIDS Clinical Trial Group 316 is enrolling pregnant HIV-positive women in a study to test the effectiveness of preventing mother-to-child infections. A single dose of nevirapine (Viramune) or a placebo will be given during labor, and all newborns will also be given AZT. Mothers will continue their antiretroviral therapy. Other current studies are looking at alternate combinations to prevent this kind of transmission. Contact information is given for enrolling in these trials and for support in continuing an HIV-positive pregnancy.
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PMID:Mother-to-child transmission. 1136 90

Several clinical trials are underway for both adults and children. ACTG 377 is studying four different drug combinations in pediatric patients up to 17 years of age. The drugs are 3TC (Epivir, lamivudine), d4T (Zerit, stavudine), nelfinavir (Viracept), nevirapine (Viramune), and ritonavir (Norvir). The Phase I/II study is testing for safety and efficacy. FDA 285A is studying the experimental second generation protease inhibitor ABT-378, in combination with ritonavir and 3TC or d4T. Researchers at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) are studying the effectiveness of once-daily dosing of ddI in combination with d4T, in treatment-naive people, and they are also pursuing a study to determine where HIV hides in the body. Enrollment criteria and contact information are included for each study.
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PMID:Drug studies for children and adults. 1136 82

Researchers at the 12th Worlds AIDS Conference in Geneva provided a strong case for offering alternative drug options to patients. Resistance problems continue to accompany protease inhibitors, but other studies are identifying new options for extended therapy, such as using abacavir or efavirenz in combination therapies, or by using Nevirapine (Viramune) with Stavudine (d4T) and Didanosine (ddI). Hydroxyurea, a cancer fighting drug, is also gaining support as an HIV treatment, because it inhibits the enzyme that HIV needs to replicate. One study revealed that combining Hydroxyurea, ddI, and Indinavir provided quick and long-lasting reductions in viral load. Conference presentations about mother-to-infant HIV transmission showed reductions in the number of vertical transmissions when Zidovudine preventive therapy was used.
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PMID:New drugs garner interest; but inhibitors lose shine. 1136 95


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