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Query: UMLS:C0019693 (HIV)
 170,526 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

During the past two years, two new classes of drugs have emerged that are effective in treating HIV infection. Since protease inhibitors and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors are highly effective but difficult to take, pharmaceutical manufacturers have developed new formulations of some of these drugs. People taking AZT and ritonavir can sometimes switch to a product called Combivir, a combination of the two. Saquinavir patients may be able to switch to a gel formulation of the same drug, Fortovase, that is more readily absorbed by the body. Potential side effects and impacts on treatment are reviewed.
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PMID:New ways to take old drugs. 1136 12

Dual NRTI combinations are still a major part of three or four HIV drug regimens, and a study is presented that outlines results of dual NRTI combination therapies. The highlighted study explores the use of Videx (ddI) and Zerit (d4T) in combination with Epivir (3TC) and AZT. Tables present viral load changes at 24 weeks and 48 weeks indicating superior performance in the d4T/3TC combination.
HIV Hotline 1998 Mar
PMID:Choosing NRTI combinations. 1136 60

Several clinical trials are underway for both adults and children. ACTG 377 is studying four different drug combinations in pediatric patients up to 17 years of age. The drugs are 3TC (Epivir, lamivudine), d4T (Zerit, stavudine), nelfinavir (Viracept), nevirapine (Viramune), and ritonavir (Norvir). The Phase I/II study is testing for safety and efficacy. FDA 285A is studying the experimental second generation protease inhibitor ABT-378, in combination with ritonavir and 3TC or d4T. Researchers at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) are studying the effectiveness of once-daily dosing of ddI in combination with d4T, in treatment-naive people, and they are also pursuing a study to determine where HIV hides in the body. Enrollment criteria and contact information are included for each study.
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PMID:Drug studies for children and adults. 1136 82

Abacavir (ABC), an experimental nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor created by Glaxo Wellcome, appears as effective in combination therapy as protease inhibitors, when ABC is combined with Combivir. Combivir is a two-drugs-in-one combination comprised of AZT and 3TC. ABC was developed as an investigational treatment for HIV and is currently in Phase III trials for adults and children. This is the first time that three drugs in the same class have effectively reduced the viral load of treatment-naive patients to levels usually only seen with protease inhibitors. Trial results are nearly identical to those where AZT, 3TC, and a protease inhibitor have been combined. ABC can potentially change the way treatment is initiated because it involves a simple regimen. Due to its potency, fewer pills are necessary. There are also very few side effects or serious drug interactions associated with ABC.
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PMID:New abacavir data open door to a better treatment paradigm. 1136 47

Efavirenz and abacavir, two recently approved drugs, have simplified HIV treatment. They are taken less often than some other drugs, and fewer pills are required. Results are reported from studies which have evaluated different dosing schedules and the effectiveness of new drug combinations. The studies have involved AZT, Combivir, d4T, amprenavir, Indinavir, Ritonavir, and Delavirdine. Researchers hope that the results of these studies may provide alternatives to three times a day dosing schedules.
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PMID:Antiviral therapy: how simple can you get? 1136 6

Thymosin-Alpha-1 (Zadaxin) is a synthetic hormone that has been studied as a treatment for HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C. Recently approved in Mexico as a booster for the flu vaccine, it was also approved in nine other countries for flu, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C. The demand for Thymosin is great but it is difficult to procure. A partnership between Schering-Plough and SciClone Pharmaceuticals has renewed hope that the demand for Thymosin will be met. Schering-Plough is also marketing Rebetron, a packaged combination of Ribavirin capsules and injectable alpha-interferon (Intron-A), for the treatment of hepatitis C. Other hepatitis treatments are described, such as Epivir-HBV (3TC, Epivir) which was approved in December for the treatment of Hepatitis B. Epivir-HBV has shown promising results.
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PMID:Hepatitis treatment update: new approvals, not much news. 1136 97

The Associated Press reported that a Food and Drug Administration (FDA) advisory group unanimously recommended approval of 3TC (Epivir) as the first oral treatment for hepatitis B. If the FDA follows this recommendation as expected, 3TC, an anti-HIV drug produced by Glaxo Wellcome, will be administered at a lower dose for hepatitis than is administered for HIV. Injected interferon is currently the only approved treatment for hepatitis B, which affects an estimated 1 million Americans. A 1-year study of Epivir showed that 55 percent of participants with mild to moderate hepatitis B showed improvement, as measured by liver biopsies. Hepatitis patients would need to be tested for HIV prior to receiving the treatment, as doses are higher for those with HIV infection.
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PMID:3TC recommended for hepatitis B. 1136 78

Zerit (d4T) is as potent as Retrovir (AZT) in HIV combination therapy according to a University of Alabama study. This is important since either drug can often be a fundamental part of most HIV drug combinations. The study involved 204 participants in 48 weeks of therapy and used Zerit or Retrovir in combination with Crixivan or Epivir.
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PMID:Zerit vs. Retrovir. 1136 45

Elderberry, chondroitin, and glucosamine sulfate have been found to block HIV replication at three distinct points in the replication cycle. For quadruple therapy, a reverse transcriptase inhibitor such as olive leaf extract or Epivir (3TC) could be added. In one case, a female, taking no HIV drugs, used an elderberry extract, called Sambucol, with olive leaf extract and experienced a viral load drop from 17,000 to 4,000. Instructions are given for making both alcohol-free and alcohol-based elderberry extracts. In 1993, researchers at Jerusalem?s Hebrew University Medical School found in a placebo-controlled double-blind study that Sambucol led to a rapid recovery from influenza and inhibited replication of nine other strains of the flu virus. A theory is that elderberry renders viruses nonfunctional by staining and coating them. Another promising treatment is soil based organisms, which improved Natural Killer cell function in a person with CFIDS.
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PMID:A new triple combination therapy. 1136 42

In March, the FDA approved the use of 3TC (Epivir or Lamivudine) for HIV positive infants, children, and adolescents from 3 months to 16 years. The Glaxo Wellcome nucleoside analog is approved for use in combination therapy with other antiretrovirals. In adult patients, 75 percent of those taking combination therapy take 3TC as part of the regimen.
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PMID:3TC approved for children. 1136 98


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