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Query: UMLS:C0019693 (HIV)
 170,526 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved the marketing of five new drugs for treatment of HIV infection. Stavudine (D4T; Zerit -- Bristol-Myers Squibb) and lamivudine (3TC; Epivir -- Glaxo Wellcome) are nucleoside analogs similar to zidovudine (AZT), didanosine (ddI) and zalcitabine (ddC). Saquinavir (Invirase -- Roche), ritonavir (Norvir -- Abbott) and indinavir (Crixivan -- Merck) are protease inhibitors, a new class of anti-HIV drugs.
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PMID:New drugs for HIV infection. 860 77

A high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the quantitative determination of the HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitor lamivudine ((-)-2'-deoxy-3'-thiacytidine, 3TC, Epivir) in human plasma, saliva and cerebrospinal fluid is described. Lamivudine was extracted from samples using silica extraction columns prior to reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection at 270 nm. The method has been validated over the range of 10 (lower limit of quantitation) to 5000 ng/ml using a 0.5-ml sample volume. Between-day and within-day precisions ranged from 3.5 to 9.0%. The assay has been used for the quantitative analysis of lamivudine in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid of HIV-1 infected patients.
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PMID:Quantitative determination of (-)-2'-deoxy-3'-thiacytidine (lamivudine) in human plasma, saliva and cerebrospinal fluid by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. 974 54

(1) Combivir is a fixed-dose combination of two HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitors: zidovudine (300 mg) + lamivudine (150 mg). (2) A meta-analysis of four trials shows that this combination is more effective clinically than zidovudine monotherapy. One trial also shows that clinical efficacy is even better with the triple combination of the protease inhibitor indinavir with zidovudine + lamivudine. (3) The risk of anaemia and neutropaenia necessitates blood cell monitoring during treatment. (4) Compared with lamivudine and zidovudine taken separately, Combivir does not reduce the frequency of doses (two a day), but the daily number of tablets falls from four to two, provided that the patient does not require dose adjustment.
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PMID:Zidovudine + lamivudine: new preparation. Fewer tablets required. 1084 57

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has granted approval for the use of 3TC (Epivir) in combination with AZT for any stage of HIV. Of all the available nucleoside analog combinations, 3TC/AZT is considered the best. Although research has shown that CD4 cell counts receive approximately the same boost from 3TC/AZT and ddI/AZT, HIV does not appear to be resistant to 3TC and AZT simultaneously. However, an analysis of drug resistance in the North American AZT-experienced 3TC study found that dual resistance does occur.
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PMID:3TC/AZT: just another combination. 1136 97

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has granted accelerated approval of the 3TC (Epivir)/AZT (Retrovir) combination as a first-line therapy for treatment of HIV infection and AIDS in adults and children. It has also approved saquinavir (Invirase), a protease inhibitor, for treatment of HIV infection (when taken in combination with nucleoside analog drugs) in adults with advanced HIV disease. Epivir is now available in U.S. pharmacies with a doctor's prescription, but the combination is costly. Medicaid will cover 3TC costs, and most third party insurers are expected to reimburse for the combination regimen. Invirase is also expensive, particularly at the higher dosage levels. Its manufacturer, Hoffmann-LaRoche, is expected to develop a stronger version in 1996. Because there is little known about protease inhibitor drug resistance, forestalling invirase use until it is clearly needed is recommended.
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PMID:FDA approves 3TC and saquinavir. Food and Drug Administration. 1136 11

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved 3TC (Epivir), a nucleoside analogue, for use in combination with AZT in patients with advanced HIV disease. Other nucleoside analogues, such as ddI, ddC, and d4T, have been approved for use only after AZT monotherapy fails. Glaxo Wellcome is conducting two studies to prove that 3TC increases survival or provides clinical benefit. One study is for adults with prior antiretroviral therapy, the other is for children who are antiretroviral naive. All subjects must have advanced HIV-disease. Consumer groups warn that 3TC's high cost may prevent it from being added to AIDS Drug Reimbursement Programs.
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PMID:3TC approval may revive AZT's appeal. 1136 36

Epivir (lamivudine) has surpassed Retrovir (zidovudine) in North American sales in a very short time, making it the top selling AIDS drug in the United States and possibly a candidate as the first billion-dollar AIDS drug. Epivir, relatively ineffective by itself, is capable of amplifying the power of its sister drugs in combination therapies by mutating HIV in such a way that the virus is prevented from developing resistance to anti-HIV drugs. Laboratory evidence is showing lamivudine's influence in AIDS treatment and it is suggested that, for the immediate future, any winning combination of drugs will have Epivir right at the center. Further evidence appearing in the England Journal of Medicine concerning Epivir's effectiveness in treating hepatitis B may be more promising than those generated so far against HIV, thus assuring the drug's popularity.
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PMID:The first billion-dollar AIDS drug? 1136 94

Scientists have tried to inhibit or slow down the HIV virus ever since the virus was identified as the cause of AIDS. Although the efforts have not produced a long-term solution, significant progress has been made. There is a correlation between the increase in HIV levels and the advanced state of the disease. Antiviral therapies are discussed, including when to start the treatment, what drugs to use, and how to find out if the treatment is working. Some of the drugs seem to stop the replication of the HIV virus; however, they do not eradicate the virus. AZT (zidovudine/Retrovir), ddI (didadosine/Videx), ddC (zalcitabine/Hivid), d4T (stavudine/Zerit) and 3TC (lamivudine/Epivir) are some of the most common drugs on the market today. Information on research, side effects, doses, interactions with other drugs, and where to get these drugs is provided. Protease inhibitors, another type of drug, include saquinavir, ritonavir and indinavir (Crixivan). Much research has been done with these drugs, however, they are very difficult to produce. The combination of AZT and 3TC have shown positive results, and the future of antiviral therapies seems to be heading toward combination therapy.
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PMID:[ABC of the antivirals] Project Inform. 1136 92

A case study is presented of a 27-year-old male, in the late stages of AIDS, who benefitted from recent advances in HIV therapy. During recovery from his fourth episode of pneumocystis pneumonia and newly-diagnosed disseminated Mycobacterium avium (MAC) infection, he agreed to take antiretrovirals. He received treatment with indinavir, Epivir, and stavudine, and then had stavudine replaced with AZT due to adverse effects. He also received treatment for MAC. His diarrhea and fevers disappeared, his appetite returned, and he gained 50 pounds. A tinea infection on his back and face resolved, as did persistent oral candidiasis. Although HIV myelitis was suspected during treatment, it stabilized, or even improved. The patient became discouraged when his viral load rose from 2,100 to 5,700, and trying to make him understand that his initial loads were probably near a million copies did not reassure him. Referral to a clinical psychologist seemed to help, and he continues to do well on therapy.
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PMID:Treating a survivor. 1136 16

It is critical to take HIV medications, particularly protease inhibitors, exactly as prescribed to reduce the risks of developing resistance. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recently approved a new drug, Combivir, a combination of 3TC (lamivudine) and AZT in one tablet. Combivir works by interfering with the HIV life cycle to prevent it from replicating, and is taken twice a day with or without food. Patients with low body mass, hepatitis, or liver or kidney disease should not take Combivir. Blood counts need to be monitored regularly when taking this drug. Potential side effects include headache, nausea, fatigue, diarrhea, nasal congestion, or flu-like symptoms. A phone number is provided for more information on Combivir.
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PMID:What you need to know about Combivir. 1136 67


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