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Query: UMLS:C0019693 (HIV)
 170,526 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two recent reports indicate that the anti-HIV drugs Viramune (Nevirapine) and Sustiva (efavirenz) can reduce levels of Methadone, sometimes causing withdrawal. Other drugs already known to reduce Methadone levels include Norvir (Ritonavir) and Viracept (Nelfinavir), while Crixivan (Indinavir) and Fortovase (Saquinavir) may increase them. Another study has shown that Methadone may lower levels of ddI (Videx), suggesting a need to increase ddI dosages in those taking Methadone.
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PMID:Methadone and anti-HIV drugs. 1136 5

Spanish researchers have reported that people with HIV are more likely to change therapy if they begin therapy with Norvir, rather than with Saquinavir or Crixivan. Nearly half the patients who started with Norvir switched while only 25 percent of the Saquinavir patients and 22 percent of the Crixivan patients switched therapies. Reasons for switching therapies are discussed.
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PMID:Switching. 1136 44

Women comprise 45 percent of new HIV infections, but account for only 9 to 20 percent of clinical research participants. Hoffmann-La Roche is conducting a study to evaluate potential differences in response to antiretroviral drug therapy based on gender. The study will enroll 60 women and 20 men, all HIV-positive. It will compare the participants' responses to Saquinavir (Fortovase) in combination with two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Researchers will look at immunologic measures including CD4 cell count and viral suppression. The trial will also evaluate the efficacy of Saquinavir and oral contraceptives when used together. Contact information is provided.
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PMID:Study to address effects of antiretroviral therapy on women. 1136 77

Issues discussed at the 39th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (ICAAC) are presented. A presentation by Dr. Anthony Fauci of the National Institute of Health (NIH) on the control of HIV, particularly Alatent pools@ of HIV-infected CD4 cells, is described. Fauci recommends achieving adequate control by having a competent immune system, enhancing the weakened immune system, and purging the reservoir of latently-infected cells. In addition, a presentation on treatment failure by Dr. John Mellors is also discussed in detail. Mellors' suggestions include checking drug levels, studying the rate of progression, and considering prior drug experience, before resorting to salvage therapy. Results of trials featuring efavirenz, abacavir, and Saquinavir are described. Summaries of other topics addressed at ICAAC, including a new class of drugs called fusion inhibitors, are provided.
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PMID:STEP's review of ICAAC: the ultimate battle must be won by the immune system. 1136 66

Protease inhibitors are the most well-known type of HIV drug, and five of them are currently approved by the Federal government. This first-generation of protease inhibitors includes Crixivan, Norvir, Fortovase, Viracept, and Agenerase. These drugs, while effective, do not eliminate HIV from the body, nor do they work well for everyone. A second-generation of protease inhibitors is in development, that researchers hope will be easier to take, and better at eliminating HIV. Included in this group are L-756,423, Tipranavir, BMS232632, and ABT-378(r). The benefits and potential drawbacks of each drug are briefly described. People who are considering switching treatments should consult their doctors about the possibility of entering a clinical trial.
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PMID:The younger generation. 1136 65

A comparative study will be conducted to determine the extent to which women and men respond differently to anti-HIV treatment. The study will compare the effects of the protease inhibitor Fortavase (Saquinavir) with two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs). The study will examine viral suppression, CD4 cell counts, and viral levels in vaginal fluids. Additionally the interaction between Fortavase and oral contraceptives also will be analyzed. Contact information is provided.
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PMID:Do women respond differently to HIV therapy than men? 1136 87

People on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) struggle with cumbersome and difficult medication schedules, including food restrictions, side effects, and toxicities. Several poster sessions at the 39th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (ICAAC) presented studies on regimens that would require fewer pills and less frequent dosing. These simpler regimens would improve adherence and quality of life. Data from single-dose studies of Crixivan with Norvir and Fortovase with or without Norvir in HIV-negative participants were presented. Although results look promising, significant issues remain, including responses in HIV-positive people and resistance.
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PMID:Simplifying drug regimens goal of research. 1136 37

Agouron Pharmaceuticals trial results suggest additional treatment options for people taking or considering taking Viracept in combination with other anti-HIV drugs. The clinical test results with Viracept and other drugs are presented. Viracept was tested for safety and efficacy with Fortovase (saquinavir soft gel), Norvir (ritonavir), Crixivan (indinavir), 1592 (abacavir), and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.
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PMID:Protease inhibitor combos. 1136 48

Oropharyngeal candidiasis is one of the first and most commonly reported opportunistic infections of untreated AIDS patients. With the introduction of the new antiviral HAART therapy, including HIV protease inhibitors, this mucocutaneous infection is nowadays only rarely observed in treated patients. It was recently shown that HIV protease inhibitors have a direct attenuating effect on Candida albicans secreted aspartic proteinases (Saps), an investigation prompted by the fact that both Sap and HIV protease belong to the superfamily of aspartic proteinases and by the observation that mucocutaneous infections sometimes resolve even in the absence of an immunological improvement of the host. As these Saps are important fungal virulence factors and play a key role in adhesion to human epithelial cells we tried to assess the effect of the HIV protease inhibitors Ritonavir, Indinavir and Saquinavir on fungal adhesion to these cells. The effect on phagocytosis by polymorphonuclear leukocytes was also assessed. Ritonavir was found to be the most potent inhibitor of fungal adhesion. A dose-dependent inhibition of adhesion to epithelial cells was found already at 0.8 microM and was significant at 4 microM or higher, at 500 microM the inhibition was about 55%. Indinavir and Saquinavir inhibited significantly at 4 microM or 20 microM, respectively; at 500 microM the inhibition was 30% or 50%. In contrast, no protease inhibitor was able to modulate phagocytosis of Candida by polymorphonuclear leukocytes. In conclusion, inhibition of Saps by HIV protease inhibitors may directly help to ease the resolution of mucosal candidiasis. In future, derivatives of HIV protease inhibitors, being more specific for the fungal Saps, may form an alternative in the treatment of mucosal candidiasis insensitive to currently available antimycotics.
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PMID:HIV protease inhibitors attenuate adherence of Candida albicans to epithelial cells in vitro. 1147 84

The present study describes the effect of Saquinavir on proliferation, interferon-gamma production and telomerase activity of non-stimulated, or activated non-adherent mononuclear cells (NAMNC), obtained from peripheral blood of healthy donors. Fresh NAMNC, non-stimulated or activated in vitro with PHA or with a mixture of monoclonal antibodies against CD3 and against CD28 membrane antigens (in order to obtain prevalent T cell responses), were exposed to Saquinavir before or at the time of mitogenic stimulation. Control and treated cells were tested for DNA synthesis (3H-thymidine incorporation), interferon-gamma production and telomerase activity (TRAP assay). The results indicate that Saquinavir is able to increase proliferation and interferon-gamma release in PHA-stimulated NAMNC, and telomerase activity either in non-stimulated and in PHA or antibody-activated cells. These results suggest that the activity against HIV infection afforded by Saquinavir, could be corroborated by its effects on the host. These include its adjuvant activity on mitogen-induced responses of lymphocytes, and its possible antagonistic effects against lymphoid cell senescence, through telomerase activation.
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PMID:Effect of Saquinavir on proliferation and telomerase activity of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. 1155 12


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