Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019693 (HIV)
 170,526 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two recent reports indicate that the anti-HIV drugs Viramune (Nevirapine) and Sustiva (efavirenz) can reduce levels of Methadone, sometimes causing withdrawal. Other drugs already known to reduce Methadone levels include Norvir (Ritonavir) and Viracept (Nelfinavir), while Crixivan (Indinavir) and Fortovase (Saquinavir) may increase them. Another study has shown that Methadone may lower levels of ddI (Videx), suggesting a need to increase ddI dosages in those taking Methadone.
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PMID:Methadone and anti-HIV drugs. 1136 5

AIDS drug assistance programs (ADAPs) are federally funded programs administered by the States. Pennsylvania's program, the Special Pharmaceutical Benefits Program (SPBP), offers 62 drugs to low- and moderate-income families of HIV-infected Pennsylvanians. SPBP also offers disposable medical supplies used for intravenous Ganciclovir and Foscavir treatments. While ADAPs have had tight budgets in recent years, and have been forced to cut drugs from their formularies, SPBP has been able to expand its formulary. The program offers all protease inhibitors, NRTIs, and NNRTs (except Sustiva). However, because of limited funding to promote SPBP, the community must make people more aware of the assistance the program provides. Contact information is included.
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PMID:Pennsylvania's AIDS drug assistance program. 1136 71

More than two dozen anti-HIV drugs in development are given, or potentially can be given, only once a day. Sustiva (efavirenz) has taken the lead, gaining approval from the FDA. Several older anti-HIV drugs are also being researched in once-daily regimens. Once-daily dosing makes adhering to treatment regimens easier, and it is more conducive to directly observed therapy (DOT). DOT is a way of structuring and monitoring a patient's treatment in order to increase adherence to the treatment. Once-a-day dosing may also aid people in developing countries, home to 90 percent of the world's HIV-infected population.
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PMID:Making the most of once-daily anti-HIV therapy. 1136 82

Antiretroviral therapy received mixed reviews in 1998. The approvals of efavirenz (Sustiva) and abacavir (Ziagen) have increased drug options. The use of genotypic and phenotypic resistance assays has helped clinicians make better treatment decisions. However, long-term side effects of HAART (e.g., high cholesterol, diabetes, and lipodystrophy) have emerged in patients who have responded to HAART regimens. Finally, it is becoming increasingly obvious that HIV must be managed by HIV-experienced clinicians, as studies show that their patients are healthier, live longer, and are less costly to care for than those managed by generalists.
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PMID:HIV antiretroviral agents. 1136 17

The PWA Health Group of New York City reports that some users of the anti-HIV drug Sustiva (efavirenz) who are recovering from drug abuse have experienced flashbacks. The drug is associated with numerous central nervous system side effects and may cause people on Methadone for the treatment of heroin addiction to test positive for marijuana. While Sustiva's manufacturer reports that most side effects usually go away after 2 weeks, some flashbacks are reported to have continued for more than 2 months.
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PMID:Sustiva flashbacks. 1136 42

Drug options, presented at the 6th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, for HIV-infected people switching their regimen due to drug failure are examined. Alternatives discussed include use of Zerit after AZT, Epivir versus Rescriptor, and Sustiva versus Viracept. A study of Crixivan and the issue of resistance are also addressed. Results of some studies presented indicate that a switch to a new drug combination should include at least two new drugs, and that Sustiva and Viracept used together with two nukes were better than a Viracept triple combination. Final comments briefly explore the relationship between drug failure and CD4+ T-cell count.
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PMID:For people needing a new drug. 1136 52

Despite the promise of highly active antiretroviral therapies (HAART) to potentially suppress HIV, the ability of the virus to hide in reservoirs makes HIV difficult to eradicate. The virus' ability to remain latent in cells, and continue to replicate, makes targeting and eliminating known reservoirs only a partial solution. Recognizing the continuing multiplication of viral cells may alter future treatment strategies. Following the theory of David Ho, MD, implementation of HAART produces a gradual decline in the levels of HIV. HAART protects new cells being produced, while older infected cells eventually die off. A more recent model concludes that HIV continues to infect new cells possibly because of non-uniform drug distribution to various tissues. The virus is produced in the lymphoid tissue in bursts, responding to the immune system. These "viral bursts" are diminished by HAART, which slowly decreases their size and number, and consequently decreases the number of new cells infected. The newer theory calls for less disturbance of latently infected cells, and greater use of drugs with the best pharmacokinetics, like ABT-378/r, efavirenz (Sustiva), Indinavir (Crixivan) and Ritonavir (Norvir).
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PMID:Why the fat lady hasn't sung: the limits of HAART. 1136 92

The newly approved non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI), efavirenz (Sustiva), was added to the Department of Health and Human Services' (DHHS) "Guidelines for the Use of Antiretroviral Agents in HIV-Infected Adults and Adolescents" as a preferred component of combination anti-HIV therapy, in 1998. Efavirenz is the first non-protease inhibitor drug to be included as a preferred agent. The other NNRTIs, nevirapine and delavirdine, are included as "alternative" recommendations. More information was added to the guidelines, including adverse effects of anti-HIV drugs and drug resistance testing. A web address for the full guidelines is provided.
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PMID:Government updates HIV treatment guidelines. 1136 34

Several sessions at the 39th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (ICAAC) presented results of trials of anti-HIV drugs. ABT-378/r, a combination of the protease inhibitor ABT-378 with ritonavir, shows great promise. T-20 (pentafuside) shows significant benefits in treating advanced HIV disease. Tenofovir DF (PMPA) appears to have benefits in treating people who are taking four or fewer other drugs. Efavirenz (Sustiva) in combination with AZT and 3TC continues to show effectiveness at 72 weeks. Once-daily dosing regimens are also under development, which should make adherence to treatment programs easier for patients.
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PMID:Anti-HIV therapy trials: new studies and follow-up of existing trials. 1136 57

Updates are provided for new anti-HIV drugs currently in development. ABT-378, Tipranavir, and DMP-450 are among the new protease inhibitors discussed. Drugs from other classes that are discussed include emivirine (Coactinon, formerly MKC-442), FTC (emtricitabine, Coviracil), adefovir (Preveon), and pentafuside (T-20). A small study has found that women using Ritonavir (Norvir) may be at a greater risk for anemia (a decrease in red blood cells), caused by excessive menstrual bleeding or hypermenorrhea. New formulations of Ritonavir and ddI (Didanosine, Videx) are described.
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PMID:New anti-HIV drugs in development. 1136 65


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