Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019693 (HIV)
 170,526 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Abstract A 27-year-old man admitted for high fever, wet cough and abnormality on his chest radiograph. He was diagnosed as pulmonary tuberculosis, and started treatment with INH, RFP, EB, and PZA. After other examinations, he was diagnosed as having a acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, too. We gave him zidovudine and lamivudine/ abacavir sulfate to treat HIV infection. After starting treatment with anti-tuberculosis drugs his fever alleviated, but after 10 days from the start of anti-HIV drugs, he showed high fever, and abnormality of his chest radiograph exacervated. We diagnosed him as immune reconstitution syndrome, and gave him prednisolone 30 mg/day. His symptoms improved gradually.
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PMID:[A case of tuberculosis showing immune reconstitution syndrome after the initiation of antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection]. 1731 Jul 79

The study demonstrated that lipid microspheres (LM) containing rifampicin (LM-RFP) could deliver the drug to alveolar macrophages in vitro and in vivo, and that intranasal administration to animals could achieve preferential accumulation in the lungs with less effect on the liver. The LM-RFP particles had a mean diameter of 247.2 +/- 75.7 nm, and their size remained stable when stored at 4 degrees C or 25 degrees C for at least 4 weeks. In vitro uptake of [(3)H]LM-RFP by alveolar macrophages was over 4 times higher than that of unencapsulated [(3)H]RFP, whereas the in vivo uptake was 30 times higher. Flow cytometric analysis and confocal laser scanning microscopy confirmed that LM could deliver the encapsulated drug effectively to alveolar macrophages in vitro and in vivo. Intranasal administration of [(3)H]LM-RFP to normal mice resulted in preferential pulmonary uptake of the drug and lower levels in the blood and liver compared with administration of unencapsulated [(3)H]RFP. In conclusion, LM-RFP could be a promising preparation for delivery via the respiratory tract to tuberculosis (TB) and TB/HIV patients.
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PMID:Lipid microsphere formulation containing rifampicin targets alveolar macrophages. 1837 29

We report on the TB surveillance data for 2009 in Japan regarding HIV infection, diabetes, and drug susceptibility test results, which were added to the central TB surveillance database from 2007. In the present TB surveillance system, we cannot obtain reliable data about whether or not HIV tests were done in each case. Thus, we report only the number of TB patients diagnosed as having HIV infection. The number of newly notified TB cases reported as having HIV from 2007-2009 is 176. Of those, 155 (88.1%) were male and 21 (11.9%) were female, and 39 (22.2%) were foreigners. The frequency of TB-associated diabetes in newly notified TB cases in 2009 was 12.6% (3,043/24,170) in total, 14.5% in males, and 9.5% in females. Drug susceptibility test results were obtained in 6,920 culture-positive pulmonary TB cases through the surveillance system in 2009. This figure accounted for 63.5% of all culture-positive pulmonary cases. In primary cases, the frequencies of MDR, any INH resistance, and any RFP resistance were 0.5%, 4.4%, and 0.8%, respectively, and in re-treatment cases, they were 3.6%, 11.6%, and 5.0%, respectively. In primary pulmonary cases theses drug resistance rates have been stable over this 3-year period (2007-2009), but in pulmonary cases undergoing re-treatment, the frequency has decreased (for example, the MDR rate in re-treatment pulmonary cases was 7.2% in 2007, 5.1% in 2008, and 3.6% in 2009). Of all MDR pulmonary cases, 17.9% (10/56) were foreigners in 2009.
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PMID:[Tuberculosis annual report 2009--series 7. Condition of TB (2)]. 2225 Apr 68

Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) microscopy is a powerful tool for imaging the interactions between fluorescently tagged proteins in two-dimensions. For FRET microscopy to reach its full potential, it must be able to image more than one pair of interacting molecules and image degradation from out-of-focus light must be reduced. Here we extend our previous work on the application of maximum likelihood methods to the 3-dimensional reconstruction of 3-way FRET interactions within cells. We validated the new method (3D-3Way FRET) by simulation and fluorescent protein test constructs expressed in cells. In addition, we improved the computational methods to create a 2-log reduction in computation time over our previous method (3DFSR). We applied 3D-3Way FRET to image the 3D subcellular distributions of HIV Gag assembly. Gag fused to three different FPs (CFP, YFP, and RFP), assembled into viral-like particles and created punctate FRET signals that become visible on the cell surface when 3D-3Way FRET was applied to the data. Control experiments in which YFP-Gag, RFP-Gag and free CFP were expressed, demonstrated localized FRET between YFP and RFP at sites of viral assembly that were not associated with CFP. 3D-3Way FRET provides the first approach for quantifying multiple FRET interactions while improving the 3D resolution of FRET microscopy data without introducing bias into the reconstructed estimates. This method should allow improvement of widefield, confocal and superresolution FRET microscopy data.
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PMID:Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Three-Way FRET Microscopy Improves Imaging of Multiple Protein-Protein Interactions. 2702 4


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