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Query: UMLS:C0019693 (HIV)
 170,526 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The involvement of the ENT sphere in HIV infections is fairly common, but the relative manifestations, though not to be considered atypical, are not pathognomonic. The present study has been set up for the otoiatric assessment of a group of HIV patients and the correlation of ENT symptoms with the various stages of the disease. To this end, 60 patients were examined (35 belonged to groups 2-3 and 25 to group 4) of whom 50% were drug addicts, 36% homosexuals and 14% heterosexuals. All patients underwent a complete ENT examination as well as the assessment of hearing and vestibular function, of olfactory and taste functions, of respiratory and nasal mucociliary functions along with an anti-HIV antibody check of nasal secretion. Results showed a prevalence of otologic and rhinosinusal symptoms as well as cervical-facial swelling. Testing revealed a hearing loss of mainly conductive origin caused by otitis and tubal stenosis; vestibular hyporeflexia; mixed hyposmia and hypogeusia owing to the involvement of multiple cranial nerves; respiratory and mucociliary changes due to rhinitis and hypertrophy of the nasal mucosa. In all cases anti-HIV antibodies were found in nasal secretion. From a diagnostic point of view there was a prevalence of specific pathologies: oropharyngeal candidosis, stage 4; cervical lymphoadenopathy, stages 2-3; chronic rhinosinusitis, nasal vestibulitis and nosebleed; mainly chronic otitis media. All such manifestations suggest a marked involvement of ENT organs, which can be attributed to the anatomical characteristics of the area, with the relative diagnostic and prognostic implications of HIV infection.
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PMID:Otorhinolaryngological aspects of HIV infections: personal experience. 784 19

This study identified the ENT symptoms of 66 HIV infected children over an 8 year period (1986-1993) at Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children. The incidence, nature and age of onset of ENT symptoms were investigated; 91% of the children had ENT symptoms, the most common being cervical lymphadenopathy, oro-oesophageal candidiasis and otitis media. The HIV infected children suffered from the common ENT diseases of childhood. They also presented with specific conditions such as diffuse parotid swelling. Therefore, their clinical features differed from HIV infected adults as well as non-infected children. An increasing incidence of paediatric HIV infection was demonstrated by the study. Most were due to vertical transmission. ENT surgeons are likely to see more HIV infected children in future, either with the usual ENT diseases of childhood (to which they seem more susceptible) or with HIV-specific conditions. Although the diagnosis of HIV may be known, the ENT condition could be the initial presentation suggestive of immunodeficiency.
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PMID:The ENT manifestations of HIV infection in children. 867 20

Syphilis is a multisystemic disease that may also affect the inner ear. The objective of this study was to investigate the frequency, clinical presentation and outcome of otosyphilis. A retrospective analysis of inpatients seen by a team of ENT specialists and dermatologists at a teaching hospital in Dresden, Germany, during 1986-2000. Six cases of otosyphilis had been diagnosed. None was related to risk factors such as HIV infection or drug abuse. We identified four female and two male patients, age range 25-58 years. Four patients suffered from syphilis stage II, one from syphilis stage and another from congenitial syphilis. ENT complaints included loss or impairment of hearing, tinnitus and nystagmus. All were treated with penicillin G. Adjuvant therapy included systemic corticosteroids oral pentoxifillin in two patients each. Improvement of ENT symptoms was achieved in all but one patient, who suffered from congenitial syphilis. This study confirms that otosyphilis is still a complication of syphilis in developed countries. The first line therapy is systemic penicillin G. There is a lack of controlled trials for adjuvant treatments such as corticosteroids and pentoxifillin. Clinical cooperation between dermatologists/venereologists and ENT specialists supports the best outcome.
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PMID:Otosyphilis: report on six cases. 1519 56

Almost 30 years after its first description, HIV still remains a global pandemic. The present paper aims to review the current knowledge on the ear, nose and throat (ENT) manifestations of HIV infection, and present the available diagnostic and treatment options. A literature review was conducted in Medline and other available database sources. Information from related books was also included in the data analysis. It is well acknowledged that up to 80% of HIV-infected patients eventually develop ENT manifestations; among which, oral disease appears to be the most common. Oro-pharyngeal manifestations include candidiasis, periodontal and gingival disease, HSV and HPV infection, oral hairy leucoplakia, Kaposi's sarcoma, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. ENT manifestations in the neck can present as cervical lymphadenopathy or parotid gland enlargement. Respective nasal manifestations include sinusitis (often due to atypical bacteria), and allergic rhinitis. Finally, otological manifestations include otitis (externa, or media), inner ear involvement (sensorineural hearing loss, disequilibrium), and facial nerve palsy (up to 100 times more frequently compared to the general population). Although ENT symptoms are not diagnostic of the disease, they might be suggestive of HIV infection, or related to its progression and the respective treatment failure. ENT doctors should be aware of the ENT manifestations associated with HIV disease, and the respective diagnosis and treatment. A multi-disciplinary approach may be required to provide the appropriate level of care to HIV patients.
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PMID:Diagnosis and treatment of HIV-associated manifestations in otolaryngology. 2447 Sep 39