Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0019693 (HIV)
 170,526 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Questionnaires administered to 387 young people (mean age, 18.8 years) from nine randomly selected rural and urban secondary schools in Uganda's Kabarole District confirmed the effectiveness of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) health education efforts in this population. 84.7% of students indicated they had received school-based AIDS education and the overall knowledge level was high, exemplified by the fact that 83% were aware that individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can appear healthy. 37.1% of students perceived themselves as at risk of HIV infection in the next five years. On the other hand, 80.6% expressed the intent to use condoms and 73.1% felt able to acquire them. 73.1% opposed discrimination against persons with AIDS. Regression analysis indicated that about 25% of the variance in perceived condom use self-efficacy was accounted for by perceptions as to condom effectiveness. 49% of the variance in female's intention to use condoms was explained by self-efficacy, perceived condom effectiveness, perceived susceptibility to HIV, perceptions of AIDS severity, condom acquisition self-efficacy. and confidence in terms of partner discussions about sexual histories. In males, however, these six variables explained only 25% of the variance, suggesting that there are unidentified determinants of condom use. These findings did indicate a need for school-based skills development, possibly through role play, to reduce young people's discomfort with condom purchasing and discussions of sexual histories.
 ...
PMID:HIV-preventive cognitions amongst secondary school students in Uganda. 1016 Feb 27

This study examined health care questions from an unusual data set: 1252 unsolicited letters written over a three-year period to an advice column in an East African newspaper. Analysis of the letters was a non-intrusive method of ascertaining prevalent health questions and opinions. People wrote seeking information, advice, solutions, and reassurance about health problems. Emotions expressed in the letters ranged from hope to fear and frustration. The written format allowed questions which are generally too embarrassing or stigmatized to present in other public or interpersonal settings. More than half the total letters raised questions about sexual behaviour, sexually transmitted diseases, and HIV/AIDS. The letters present not only personal health concerns, but also expectations of health-care quality and reflections on the medical options presently available in Uganda. As a whole, the letters express dissatisfaction not only with the outcomes of health encounters, but with the process. Of the letter writers with specific physical complaints, more than one-third had already sought medical care and were dissatisfied with the results. The letters were seeking solutions, especially for alleviation of symptoms and discomfort. Almost equally prevalent was a plea for accurate and relevant health information; people not only want to feel better, but they also want to understand their own health.
 ...
PMID:Searching for solutions: health concerns expressed in letters to an east African newspaper column. 1016 63

The AIDS-stress scale (Pleck et al., 1988) provides measures of the sources of stress faced by health care workers caring for people with AIDS. The aim of the study was to consider the utility of the scale as a means of identifying groups of health care workers who would benefit from intervention. Data were collected from a sample of Scottish health care workers (n = 140), all with known contact with clients with HIV or AIDS within the year prior to data collection. Three factors were derived from the AIDS-stress scale: 'lack of knowledge', 'discomfort' and 'work load'. Each showed a different pattern of association with occupational, training and attitudinal measures. The factor scores had some degree of concurrent validity and were not, in the main, associated with the desire to give socially desirable responses. The results were discussed in relation to appropriate interventions.
 ...
PMID:Measuring the stress associated with caring for clients with HIV/AIDS. 1047 20

Symptom management for persons living with HIV disease is recognized as an extremely important component of care management. This article reports the validation of a new sign and symptom assessment tool designed to assess the intensity of HIV-related symptoms using two samples (study 1: n=247; study 2: n=686) of people living with HIV disease. Study 1 data were collected between 1994 and 1996 before the initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Study 2 data were collected between 1997 and 1998 after the wide adoption of HAART therapy. The initial version of the Sign and Symptom Check-List for Persons with HIV Disease (SSC-HIV) included 41 signs and symptoms. This scale was submitted to a principal components factor analysis with a varimax rotation. The final solution reports six factors explaining 68.9% of the variance. The six symptom clusters (factors), the number of items in the factor, and the Cronbach alpha reliability estimates were: malaise/weakness/fatigue (six items, alpha=0.90); confusion/distress (four items, alpha=0.90); fever/chills (four items, alpha=0.85); gastrointestinal discomfort (four items, alpha=0. 81); shortness of breath (three items, alpha=0.79); and nausea/vomiting (three items, alpha=0.77). These six factors have strong reliability estimates and a stable factor structure that supports the construct validity of the 26-item instrument. Additional evidence supports the concurrent validity of the scale as well as its sensitivity to change over time. The final version of the SSC-HIV is a 26-item scale available for use by clinicians and researchers to measure the patient's self-report of HIV-related signs and symptoms.
 ...
PMID:Validation of the Sign and Symptom Check-List for Persons with HIV Disease (SSC-HIV). 1056 2

Adolescents who suffer from terminal and/or chronic medical illnesses must face difficult developmental issues coupled with increased burdens of physical discomfort and uncertainty about survival. Clinical hypnosis is one technique that can be used to help these individuals gain a sense of comfort and control over their lives. I describe the use of a developmentally sensitive hypnotherapeutic intervention for chronically and terminally ill adolescents. I have used the technique for the reduction of various types of physical and psychological discomfort secondary to a range of medical problems such as cancer, end-stage renal disease, organ transplant, and HIV disease. The treatment focuses on the use of personalized procedures that attempt to increase perceptions of control through interactive formats. Movement through a personally intriguing journey is used as a metaphor for controlling and moving away from discomfort. I also present three case examples as well as general treatment recommendations for clinical use.
 ...
PMID:A developmentally sensitive approach to clinical hypnosis for chronically and terminally ill adolescents. 1057 Aug 52

Women in the United States, particularly African-Americans and Hispanics, are at increased risk for HIV. The female condom now offers women a potentially important option for HIV prevention, yet few efforts have been made to increase its use. To elucidate strategies to promote the use of the female condom, we conducted in-depth interviews with 62 women recruited from the four major racial/ethnic groups of the U.S. (African-American, Asian-American, Hispanic, and white). Subject recruitment took place at a family planning clinic in San Francisco during 1996-97. We identified four major types of facilitators and barriers to use of the female condom: mechanical, psychosexual, interpersonal, and situational. Specifically, the mechanical facilitators and barriers included positive and negative aspects of the device, and difficulty with insertion. The psychosexual factors were female empowerment, more options for contraception and disease prevention, discomfort with vaginal insertion, and condom use norms. The interpersonal factors included: enhanced communication, relationship status, partner preferences, and partner objections. Finally, the situations that made women disinclined to use the device were: no access to the female condom when having sex and using other forms of contraceptives. The implications of these findings for HIV prevention and future research are discussed.
 ...
PMID:Facilitators and barriers to use of the female condom: qualitative interviews with women of diverse ethnicity. 1081 67

We conducted a focus group with eight surrogate teaching patients who participate in an HIV/AIDS training program for dentists and auxiliaries. With one exception, these surrogate patients were HIV-seropositive, had taken part in eight training sessions over six months, and had been examined by about forty groups of trainees. Researchers inquired about how surrogate patients could tell if the trainees were afraid or comfortable, what negative experiences with trainees occurred or stood out, and what positive experiences were recalled or stood out. Theme analysis was used to interpret the results of the focus group. The main signifiers of clinician discomfort were related to physical distance, avoidance of physical contact, verbal interaction, and what we call "dentist interaction." The results suggest that training of dentists and other dental personnel to interact with patients with HIV/AIDS should attend to reduction of patients' psychological distress as well as management of any physical discomfort. The feedback from surrogate patients with HIV disease who have experienced a large number of dental examinations is a valuable tool for providing feedback to, and insight into, the factors that cause psychological discomfort to patients with HIV disease.
 ...
PMID:The perception of surrogate teaching patients with HIV disease of dental providers' fear and comfort. 1097 6

Infectious esophagitis is a common problem in immunocompromised patients that can result in prolonged discomfort and malnutrition. Common infectious causes of esophagitis can be confirmed by laboratory testing, but esophagoscopy is often necessary not only to visualize the esophageal mucosa but also to obtain diagnostic biopsies. Empiric, systemic antifungal or antiherpetic therapies are often prescribed prior to confirming an etiologic diagnosis in esophagitis. In some cases, however, endoscopy is needed to guide therapy. Systemic antifungal therapy is usually superior to topical therapy for Candida esophagitis, and the first choice of agent is generally fluconazole. Valacyclovir or famciclovir are the preferred first treatments for herpetic esophagitis because of their clinical efficacy and convenient dosing schedules. Thalidomide may be useful in the management of aphthous ulcerations of the mouth and esophagus in patients with HIV.
 ...
PMID:Esophageal Infections. 1109 65

This study examines the presence of hepatitis B as a possible precursor marker for HIV/AIDS in 10 districts of Zagreb, Croatia. There were a total of 931 cases of hepatitis B in Zagreb in the period 1979-1995, the annual rate ranging from 3.1 to 15.4 per 10,000. The highest relative risk for hepatitis B for the 1979-1995 period was in the Pescenica district (Relative risk (RR): 1.4). There were 108 cases of HIV/AIDS diagnosed in Croatia in the period 1986-1996, with 34% from Zagreb. The highest relative risk for HIV/AIDS was within the Pescenica district (RR: 2.3). Pescenica had also a significantly higher incidence of hepatitis B when compared to other districts (p = 0.005). The cumulative incidence of hepatitis B in Zagreb was directly related to levels of neighborhood discomfort as determined by an index including unemployment, inflation and housing conditions (p = 0.005). This research demonstrates that the poor areas of the city with higher incidence of hepatitis B hold the greatest threat for the spread of HIV/AIDS.
 ...
PMID:Hepatitis B and HIV/AIDS in Zagreb: a district level analysis. 1133 24

This qualitative focus group study explored perceptions of stigma in HIV-seropositive women. The sample included 19 HIV-positive women who participated in one of four focus group sessions. Participants were asked to talk about and describe their perceptions of how others think about and respond to them and other HIV-infected individuals. Content analysis was used to code the data and identify participant perceptions. Four themes representing distinctly different perceptions of stigma were identified: distancing, overgeneralizing stereotypes, social discomfort, and pity. The implications of the findings for intervention and future research are discussed.
 ...
PMID:Perceptions of stigma in women infected with HIV. 1136 16


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>