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Query: UMLS:C0019693 (HIV)
 170,526 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Infection from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is well known for the particular host susceptibility to a variety of opportunistic infections and unusual malignant neoplasms. Although no tumor develops exclusively in concomitance with HIV infection, malignancies in these patients have different clinical behaviour, response to treatment and prognosis than the pattern observed in HIV negative hosts. Kaposi's sarcoma (EKS) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) are tumors per se diagnostic of AIDS in patients with HIV infection. From 1987 to 1991, 210 HIV positive patients underwent ENT examination without symptom-related selection: 128 were intravenous drug users, 50 homosexual males, 22 heterosexuals, 4 intravenous male homosexual drug users, 3 blood recipients and 3 subjects without known risk factors. Sixteen were allocated in group II, 37 in III, 9 in IV A, 2 in IV B, 31 in IV C1, 37 in IV C2, 48 in IV D and 30 in IV E. Fourteen had head and neck EKS localization. All were males, with a median age of 40 of which 11/14 were homosexuals. The concomitant involvement of skin and mucosa was the most common manifestation and the palate was the most frequently affected mucosal site. Twenty-four had NHL localized within the head and neck: 21 males and 4 females with a average age of 38, 10 intravenous drug users, 9 homosexual males, 3 heterosexuals, 1 blood recipient, 1 subject without known risk factors. Extranodal localization was the most frequent characteristic while the gums were the most commonly involved site. The main characteristics of head and neck manifestations of EKS and NHL are reported with references to literature. The majority of HIV infected patients with EKS or NHL have ENT localizations, perhaps because lymphatic tissue, a HIV target, is well represented in this area and contamination by infectious agents (such as Epstein-Barr virus and cytomegalovirus, probably involved in the pathogenesis of EKS and NHL) can easily occur in the head and neck. The otolaryngologist should be aware of the various, and sometimes misleading, characteristics of these diseases.
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PMID:[The cervicofacial manifestations of Kaposi's sarcoma and of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas in HIV-infected patients]. 141 19

The study of 156 cases HIV infected patients put forward the high incidence of ENT manifestations in these cases. Cervical lymph nodes are an habitual manifestation of the disease. They appear as a host reaction versus viral infection and often they are the expression of opportunistic infection, Kaposi Sarcoma or lymphoma. They also have prognostic significance. We think that the lowe incidence of Kaposi Sarcoma in our report (comparing with other authors rates) is due to the fact that there is a smaller population of homosexuals in our environment.
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PMID:[ORL manifestations in HIV patients. Report of 156 cases]. 149 89

It's evident nowadays, that the population of AIDS infected people will increase. In 88% cases the ENT specialists could be the first contact doctors for HIV-positive patients. This fact makes necessary for them to know as well as possible clinical symptoms, etiopathology and immunology of AIDS. The authors present in this paper some of these problems.
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PMID:[AIDS in otolaryngology]. 179 25

The authors present the problem with HIV positive patients which have an ear, nose and throat disease. ENT doctors are the group of high risk of AIDS. Up to now we haven't got a test useful for early diagnosis in AIDS (specially this period between infection and seroconversion+--"serological window"). This fact requires special cautions from ENT surgeons++. The authors describe the methods of individual prevention from AIDS and, the surgical instruments sterilization.
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PMID:[Otolaryngological surgical procedures and HIV infection]. 179 26

The acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) presents a global problem of XX century medicine. The speed with which this pathology spreads is great and the number of AIDS patients is increasing in geometric progression. At present AIDS is a real threat to the health and life of millions of people. It is very difficult to clinically diagnose AIDS because it manifests in the form of various tumors and opportunistic infections, with lesions localized on the skin and mucosa or in the viscera (lungs, brain, esophagus, gastro-intestinal tract). The most typical AIDS manifestations are: preumocystosis, oropharyngeal and esophagal candidosis, herpes simplex, herpes zoster, Kaposi's sarcoma, "hairy" leukoplakia, extranodal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, etc. In the case of HIV infection and AIDS many lesions are located in ENT. This means that ENT doctors are to be well aware of their clinical manifestations to be able to detect this pathology.
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PMID:[AIDS in otorhinolaryngological practice]. 204 53

The AA. inform about the case of a young man, 23, with immunodeficiency (positive HIV antibodies) and malignant otitis externa associated. They recall the etiopathogenesis, the diagnosis, the evolution and the treatment of the disease, pointing out that this case is the first one (published in the ENT bibliography) of malignant otitis-external otitis and HIV linked together.
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PMID:[Malignant otitis externa and HIV antibodies. A case report]. 228 1

In comparison to sexual contact the transmitted droplet infection or the mucosa contact are of minor relevance for HIV, the causative agent of acquired immune deficiency (AIDS). These channels of infections should nevertheless not be disregarded. Due to his activity, connected with a very close contact with exudations of a wound, blood, saliva and mucosae, the ENT-specialist increased hazard of infection by the HIV virus. Since 80% of the infected persons are able to discharge viruses free from symptoms for years, the ENT specialist should be informed about the pattern of distribution of this infectious disease as well as about suitable methods of prevention. Recommendations to practice and clinic for the prevention of transmitting HIV infections are given.
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PMID:[Prevention of HIV infections (AIDS) in ENT practice and the clinic]. 369 61

A case is reported of a HIV-positive patient with severe von Willebrand's disease describing the bleeding complications during and after tonsillectomy. This patient underwent surgery for asymmetrical tonsillar hypertrophy. The tonsils were spontaneously haemorrhaging and there therefore was a suspicion of neoplasia. Despite close cooperation between the ENT Department and the Haemophilia Centre, involving per-operative Factor VIII monitoring and replacement, the patient suffered both protracted primary and secondary haemorrhages. We report this as a cautionary tale as our previous experience with mild to moderate haemophilia has been uncomplicated, but on this occasion there was massive haemorrhage. We feel that tonsillectomy should not be undertaken in a patient with a severe bleeding disorder without an absolute indicate.
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PMID:Bleeding after tonsillectomy in severe von Willebrand's disease. 779 3

The involvement of the ENT sphere in HIV infections is fairly common, but the relative manifestations, though not to be considered atypical, are not pathognomonic. The present study has been set up for the otoiatric assessment of a group of HIV patients and the correlation of ENT symptoms with the various stages of the disease. To this end, 60 patients were examined (35 belonged to groups 2-3 and 25 to group 4) of whom 50% were drug addicts, 36% homosexuals and 14% heterosexuals. All patients underwent a complete ENT examination as well as the assessment of hearing and vestibular function, of olfactory and taste functions, of respiratory and nasal mucociliary functions along with an anti-HIV antibody check of nasal secretion. Results showed a prevalence of otologic and rhinosinusal symptoms as well as cervical-facial swelling. Testing revealed a hearing loss of mainly conductive origin caused by otitis and tubal stenosis; vestibular hyporeflexia; mixed hyposmia and hypogeusia owing to the involvement of multiple cranial nerves; respiratory and mucociliary changes due to rhinitis and hypertrophy of the nasal mucosa. In all cases anti-HIV antibodies were found in nasal secretion. From a diagnostic point of view there was a prevalence of specific pathologies: oropharyngeal candidosis, stage 4; cervical lymphoadenopathy, stages 2-3; chronic rhinosinusitis, nasal vestibulitis and nosebleed; mainly chronic otitis media. All such manifestations suggest a marked involvement of ENT organs, which can be attributed to the anatomical characteristics of the area, with the relative diagnostic and prognostic implications of HIV infection.
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PMID:Otorhinolaryngological aspects of HIV infections: personal experience. 784 19

Benign lymphoepithelial cysts (BLC) are rare disorders of salivary glands (0.6%). In patients infected by HIV, they are seen more often. In comparison to sporadic BLC, the patients are younger, the diameter of the cysts is up to 5 cm and they are often located bilaterally. At the Department of ENT, Head and Neck Surgery of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, ten HIV-infected patients (two females) showed lymphoepithelial cysts (six times bilaterally). One of these revealed a metastasis of a small cell neoplasma near the cysts, another patient showed a non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of low grade malignancy (MALT-type), and one patient additionally had bilateral Warthin's tumours. The BLCs were mostly located in the parotid tail. In three cases, the cysts were found on the inferior border of the parotid and once at the submandibular gland. The age ranged from 27 to 71 years (medium 45.7 years). The mode of HIV infection was homosexuality five times, drug abuse twice, heterosexuality once, and blood products once. In two cases, the channel of transmission was unknown. The majority of the patients showed minor HIV illness (CDC II [n = 2]/CDC III [n = 4]); the rest had advanced immunodeficiency (CDC IV [n = 4]). All the cysts were examined by ultrasonography and NMR. According to the clinical findings and the general stage of health, BLCs were either enucleated (n = 8) or a superficial parotidectomy (n = 5) and selective biopsy of lymph nodes (n = 3) suspected to be malignant were performed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Cystic lymphoepithelial lesions in the head and neck area in HIV-infected patients]. 801 Oct 27


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