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Query: UMLS:C0019693 (HIV)
 170,526 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The accommodations that employers should consider offering employees with HIV and AIDS are outlined. These include general accommodations such as wheelchair access, flexible schedules, and specific accommodations for weight loss, vision problems, fatigue, weakness, breathing difficulties, and concentration and memory problems. Employers should consider that every accommodation potentially sets a precedent and that accommodations should address the employee's disability rather than other people's discomfort. It is also noted that accommodations must be documented.
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PMID:Accommodating workers with AIDS. 1136 66

Transsexuals with HIV disease are frequently restricted from gender reassignment surgery, as physicians worry that HIV disease will affect the post-surgical healing process. Many doctors hesitate to prescribe hormones to these patients without further research into the effects of the hormones on disease progression. The physical transition from one gender to another is also very costly, and may not be covered by insurance. Special considerations in treating these patients are described, including the crucial step for health care workers to move beyond their discomfort with gender ambiguity.
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PMID:Counseling pre-operative transsexuals with HIV disease. 1136 20

Chris Camp, a 43-year-old who has been active in AIDS work since 1982, was diagnosed with HIV in 1986. He is a volunteer in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS), and is a training specialist in the area of HIV prevention for the State of Maryland Department of Health and Mental Hygiene. Camp's experiences in dealing with HIV are presented. He describes the difficulties of maintaining safe sexual practices, and has concerns about younger men who are often misinformed about HIV and HIV prevention. In addition, Camp discusses discomfort associated with drug side effects, as well as a general change in attitude towards people with HIV.
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PMID:MACS volunteer describes life with HIV infection. 1136 29

It is a challenge for clinicians to appropriately diagnose neurological conditions associated with HIV and treat the pain effectively. Research estimates that 85 percent of AIDS patients are being undertreated for pain, according to World Health Organization guidelines. HIV affects the entire nervous system, and peripheral nerve disorders are a common complication that adversely affects quality of life. Peripheral neuropathy typically causes a great deal of discomfort, and progressively worsens until the pain is severe. Treatments for peripheral neuropathy include plasmapheresis, and immunosuppressive therapy. IVIg is an expensive and less widely available therapy for neuropathy. HIV patients respond well to the same treatments that work in other patients with these problems, and drug-related neuropathy is often easily resolved by changing medications. Several kinds of neuropathy associated with HIV and AIDS are described.
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PMID:Neurological treatment of HIV patients can be tricky. 1136 89

A 44-year-old man presented with bilateral punctate corneal epitheliopathy complaining of worsening discomfort and photophobia over the previous several days. He was HIV positive, had a recent CD4 count of 4 x 10(6), and had started on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) 14 days prior. Failure to respond to lubricant therapy with worsening of the epitheliopathy over the following week led to corneal biopsy and diagnosis of corneal microsporidiosis. Investigations revealed that he remained anergic and that his CD4 count had not changed. However, his viral load had decreased by at least 0.9 log10 units since HAART intiation. Therapy with albendazole led to complete resolution of his pre-existing symptoms of nasal congestion and epistaxis, as well as all recently occurring ocular signs and symptoms. It was concluded that the microsporidiosis was a pre-existing opportunistic infection, whose presence was unmasked by a form of immune restoration induced by HAART.
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PMID:Microsporidial keratoconjunctivitis after HAART. 1172 Jan 61

A 46-year-old man with HIV infection and AIDS presented with a large perianal ulcerated vegetative lesion that developed over a 1-year period. He had a past history of recurrent genital herpes infection, treated successfully each time with acyclovir. The perianal lesion developed while he was taking prophylactic acyclovir. Clinically, there were features suspicious of a carcinoma and a biopsy was reported as showing dysplasia. Therefore, the lesion was resected in its entirety. Histologically, there were prominent pseudo-epitheliomatous hyperplasia and chronic ulceration associated with herpesvirus infection. There was no evidence of dysplasia or malignancy. It is important to be aware of chronic vegetant herpesvirus infection, as clinical appearances are unusual and some methods of identification, such as smears or biopsy, may not be sufficient for diagnosis. Viral culture or PCR may need to be performed for a definite diagnosis to alleviate prolonged discomfort and avoid unnecessary radical surgery.
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PMID:Atypical presentation of herpes simplex (chronic hypertrophic herpes) in a patient with HIV infection. 1182 27

We determined the immunogenicity and safety of reimmunization with the 23-valent polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccine in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Patients immunized >5 years earlier (initially within 1 year of HIV-1 seroconversion) were randomized to receive vaccine (n=57) or placebo (n=30). Persons with recent HIV-1 seroconversion (n=14) were immunized for the first time. Preimmunization levels of capsule-specific immunoglobulin G were similar in all groups. Reimmunized patients showed a significantly lower frequency and magnitude of antibody responses compared with persons with recent HIV-1 seroconversion. Reimmunized patients did not show adverse virologic or immunologic changes, but some reported local discomfort (15%) or fever (8%). Thus, the limited responses after reimmunization of HIV-1-infected patients with the current 23-valent vaccine mandates the need for a more effective reimmunization schedule, more immunogenic vaccines, or other behavioral and therapeutic interventions.
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PMID:Reimmunization with 23-valent pneumococcal vaccine for patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1: clinical, immunologic, and virologic responses. 1185 Aug 63

Pruritus, or generalized itch, is a source of serious discomfort and distress in a significant minority of people living with AIDS. Anecdotal reports suggest hypnosis might be a useful treatment, leading to reductions in distress and improvements in the condition. But empirical examination of the question is notably lacking. This time-series study reports results of a 6-session self-hypnosis treatment (relaxation, deepening, imagery, and home practice) for 3 HIV-positive men suffering from pruritus, related to disease progression and/or HIV medications. Posttreatment, all 3 patients reported significant reductions in daily itch severity and extent of sleep disturbance due to itch. One patient also evidenced significantly less itch distress. Another also experienced significantly less time bothered by itch. For the 2 patients on which 4-month follow-up data were available, treatment benefit across variables was stable or further improved.
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PMID:The efficacy of hypnosis in the treatment of pruritus in people with HIV/AIDS: a time-series analysis. 1193 76

Faecal specimens were collected from patients complaining of diarrhoea and abdominal or epigastric discomfort at two hospitals. Information obtained by questionnaires completed at the time of specimens collection, included demographic and clinical data. Specimens were preserved in 10% formalin and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and examined, as wet mounts and stained with Wheatley's Trichrome, Weber, modified acid-fast and hot safranin stains. One hundred patients were examined, in 30 of them parasites were detected. The most common organism identified was Cryptosporidium parvum, in specimens of five patients, followed by Entamoeba histolytica/E. dispar in four patients. The recently described "emerging parasites" were detected. Helminth eggs were found in two patients only. HIV status was not known for most of the patients, and the parasites commonly proliferate in the immuno-compromised individuals were not frequently found.
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PMID:Survey of faecal parasites in patients from western Kenya. 1204 46

1988-89 surveys of youths in major Brazilian cities revealed a high degree of misinformation on AIDS, as well as errant attitudes about physical contact, affection, and sexual relations. In response, the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation made ZIG-ZAIDS, a game designed to educate youths aged 10-14 years. ZIG-ZAIDS is a board game with question cards on the immune system, transmission patterns, treatment, and prevention. It emphasizes the need for cooperation and solidarity in human relationships, and also helps players reflect upon the psychological and social consequences of AIDS. The game does not attempt to instill panic, and is careful to not associate sex with death. A leaflet is included for parents and teachers with discussion questions on the difficulty and discomfort they may feel about talking about sex, the belief that such talk promotes sexual activity, and the importance of hearing what youths feel and think about sex. A condom and minidictionary of words referring to sexual organs, sexual relations, and sexually transmitted diseases are also included in the game. 34 9-14 year old students at 4 schools in Rio de Janeiro state evaluated the game favorably. Positive change was also realized in student ideas and attitudes about HIV transmission, prevention, and treatment. Health and education departments in some Brazilian states are currently implementing ZIG-ZAIDS in AIDS educational programs.
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PMID:Country watch: Brazil. 1228 12


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