Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0019693 (HIV)
 170,526 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Adolescents who suffer from terminal and/or chronic medical illnesses must face difficult developmental issues coupled with increased burdens of physical discomfort and uncertainty about survival. Clinical hypnosis is one technique that can be used to help these individuals gain a sense of comfort and control over their lives. I describe the use of a developmentally sensitive hypnotherapeutic intervention for chronically and terminally ill adolescents. I have used the technique for the reduction of various types of physical and psychological discomfort secondary to a range of medical problems such as cancer, end-stage renal disease, organ transplant, and HIV disease. The treatment focuses on the use of personalized procedures that attempt to increase perceptions of control through interactive formats. Movement through a personally intriguing journey is used as a metaphor for controlling and moving away from discomfort. I also present three case examples as well as general treatment recommendations for clinical use.
 ...
PMID:A developmentally sensitive approach to clinical hypnosis for chronically and terminally ill adolescents. 1057 Aug 52

Women in the United States, particularly African-Americans and Hispanics, are at increased risk for HIV. The female condom now offers women a potentially important option for HIV prevention, yet few efforts have been made to increase its use. To elucidate strategies to promote the use of the female condom, we conducted in-depth interviews with 62 women recruited from the four major racial/ethnic groups of the U.S. (African-American, Asian-American, Hispanic, and white). Subject recruitment took place at a family planning clinic in San Francisco during 1996-97. We identified four major types of facilitators and barriers to use of the female condom: mechanical, psychosexual, interpersonal, and situational. Specifically, the mechanical facilitators and barriers included positive and negative aspects of the device, and difficulty with insertion. The psychosexual factors were female empowerment, more options for contraception and disease prevention, discomfort with vaginal insertion, and condom use norms. The interpersonal factors included: enhanced communication, relationship status, partner preferences, and partner objections. Finally, the situations that made women disinclined to use the device were: no access to the female condom when having sex and using other forms of contraceptives. The implications of these findings for HIV prevention and future research are discussed.
 ...
PMID:Facilitators and barriers to use of the female condom: qualitative interviews with women of diverse ethnicity. 1081 67

We conducted a focus group with eight surrogate teaching patients who participate in an HIV/AIDS training program for dentists and auxiliaries. With one exception, these surrogate patients were HIV-seropositive, had taken part in eight training sessions over six months, and had been examined by about forty groups of trainees. Researchers inquired about how surrogate patients could tell if the trainees were afraid or comfortable, what negative experiences with trainees occurred or stood out, and what positive experiences were recalled or stood out. Theme analysis was used to interpret the results of the focus group. The main signifiers of clinician discomfort were related to physical distance, avoidance of physical contact, verbal interaction, and what we call "dentist interaction." The results suggest that training of dentists and other dental personnel to interact with patients with HIV/AIDS should attend to reduction of patients' psychological distress as well as management of any physical discomfort. The feedback from surrogate patients with HIV disease who have experienced a large number of dental examinations is a valuable tool for providing feedback to, and insight into, the factors that cause psychological discomfort to patients with HIV disease.
 ...
PMID:The perception of surrogate teaching patients with HIV disease of dental providers' fear and comfort. 1097 6

Infectious esophagitis is a common problem in immunocompromised patients that can result in prolonged discomfort and malnutrition. Common infectious causes of esophagitis can be confirmed by laboratory testing, but esophagoscopy is often necessary not only to visualize the esophageal mucosa but also to obtain diagnostic biopsies. Empiric, systemic antifungal or antiherpetic therapies are often prescribed prior to confirming an etiologic diagnosis in esophagitis. In some cases, however, endoscopy is needed to guide therapy. Systemic antifungal therapy is usually superior to topical therapy for Candida esophagitis, and the first choice of agent is generally fluconazole. Valacyclovir or famciclovir are the preferred first treatments for herpetic esophagitis because of their clinical efficacy and convenient dosing schedules. Thalidomide may be useful in the management of aphthous ulcerations of the mouth and esophagus in patients with HIV.
 ...
PMID:Esophageal Infections. 1109 65

This study examines the presence of hepatitis B as a possible precursor marker for HIV/AIDS in 10 districts of Zagreb, Croatia. There were a total of 931 cases of hepatitis B in Zagreb in the period 1979-1995, the annual rate ranging from 3.1 to 15.4 per 10,000. The highest relative risk for hepatitis B for the 1979-1995 period was in the Pescenica district (Relative risk (RR): 1.4). There were 108 cases of HIV/AIDS diagnosed in Croatia in the period 1986-1996, with 34% from Zagreb. The highest relative risk for HIV/AIDS was within the Pescenica district (RR: 2.3). Pescenica had also a significantly higher incidence of hepatitis B when compared to other districts (p = 0.005). The cumulative incidence of hepatitis B in Zagreb was directly related to levels of neighborhood discomfort as determined by an index including unemployment, inflation and housing conditions (p = 0.005). This research demonstrates that the poor areas of the city with higher incidence of hepatitis B hold the greatest threat for the spread of HIV/AIDS.
 ...
PMID:Hepatitis B and HIV/AIDS in Zagreb: a district level analysis. 1133 24

This qualitative focus group study explored perceptions of stigma in HIV-seropositive women. The sample included 19 HIV-positive women who participated in one of four focus group sessions. Participants were asked to talk about and describe their perceptions of how others think about and respond to them and other HIV-infected individuals. Content analysis was used to code the data and identify participant perceptions. Four themes representing distinctly different perceptions of stigma were identified: distancing, overgeneralizing stereotypes, social discomfort, and pity. The implications of the findings for intervention and future research are discussed.
 ...
PMID:Perceptions of stigma in women infected with HIV. 1136 16

Reiki is an Asian theory that assumes humans are energy, and that by manipulating this energy with the hands, healing can occur. The healing art of Reiki is presently practiced by 200,000 practitioners throughout the world. It is believed that this gentle form of healing, while not capable of harming anyone, can result in a detoxification of the body that may produce some mild discomfort, such as headache, fatigue, or even mild flu-like symptoms, for a short time after treatment. For some with HIV/AIDS, this can be especially disconcerting. Some Reiki practitioners charge $80 or more for treatment. This price is viewed as excessive, and those seeking treatment should select someone offering a sliding scale or a flat rate fee of no more than $40 per session.
 ...
PMID:Reiki as an alternative healing method. 1136 56

Major challenges related to counseling about sex within the HIV environment are highlighted, defining sources of discomfort and giving attention to special topics. For clients, discomfort can center around the fear of talking about sex, personal responsibility, making mistakes, or the feeling that elimination of sexual risk will mean the end of sexual pleasure. For counselors, discomfort can arise from concerns about the unknown, lack of experience, and lack of clarity. Discomfort in the client and/or the therapist can pose obstacles to productive therapy. Counselors can develop skills for counseling about sex, and must be able to speak explicitly and precisely about sex. They can follow the client's lead in defining the language of the session, and not assume that clients share their definitions of general terms. Finally, in any sexual counseling session, pleasure is as essential a topic as risk and safety.
 ...
PMID:Counseling about sex. 1136 82

An HIV-positive Pennsylvania inmate, [name removed], filed a lawsuit claiming that prison physicians were indifferent to his medical needs because they tried to wean him from addictive analgesics. [Name removed]'s suit alleged deliberate indifference to his pain. Prison physicians first prescribed Darvon, and then Percocet, a very powerful painkiller, to lessen [name removed]'s discomfort. However, a new medical director at the State Correction Institution at Mahanoy City determined that Percocet was not warranted, and initiated a gradual reduction in the dosage. [Name removed]'s lawsuit was dismissed by a Pennsylvania Federal judge.
 ...
PMID:Denial of specific medicine is not 'deliberate indifference'. 1136 68

The last stages of HIV infection are marked by increasing pain, gastrointestinal discomfort, and depression. These conditions should be treated aggressively with restorative and prophylactic therapies. Patients who are bedridden or are suffering from an inflammatory or infiltrative process may suffer from somatic or visceral pain, which can be treated with analgesics. Patients with chronic pain and a history of narcotic abuse are not likely to develop addictions to opiates, and narcotics can be prescribed. Meanwhile, neuropathic pain, characterized as burning and tingling, is treated with tricyclic antidepressants and antiepileptic drugs. Also, depression, which affects up to 30 percent of HIV-positive patients, should be treated with the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. As a patient approaches death, talking with the patient, providing physical contact, and encouraging spiritual reflection can be beneficial. Current hospice care for AIDS patients needs to be improved, and palliation of the HIV disease should be predicated on patient preference, ease of administration, and minimization of side effects.
 ...
PMID:Palliative care and HIV, part II: systemic manifestations and late-stage issues. 1136 57


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>