Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019693 (HIV)
 170,526 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 41-year-old man who had tested positive for HIV infection presented with cough, yellow sputum, fever, and chills of 10 days' duration. He was short of breath at rest and had a poor appetite. He did not have chest pain, bloody sputum, or weight loss.
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PMID:Unusual pathogen in a man with HIV infection. 900 80

A 56-year-old, obese woman who had been sexually inactive for 10 years presented at the hospital with high fevers, decreased appetite, nausea, vomiting, and weight loss. Following many diagnostic tests that revealed little, it was found that her estranged husband was being treated for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP). The woman was tested for HIV and found to be positive. This is an example of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) indication that 10 percent of reported AIDS cases occur in people over age 50, that diagnosis is often delayed in older age groups, and that anyone suffering from fever of an unknown origin should be tested for HIV. In such situations it is suggested that general practice include seeking behavioral information and offering HIV testing and counseling.
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PMID:FUO in a 56-year-old woman. 1136 55

A case study is presented of a 28-year-old, HIV-infected male with hepatic dysfunction of unknown etiology. After failure on AZT and 3TC, the patient was prescribed d4T, 3TC, and nevirapine. After three weeks of treatment, the patient had poor appetite, bloating, and fever. Blood chemistries, diagnostic imaging, and hepatitis and CMV serologies were all performed, with no clear findings. Since there had been reports of liver dysfunction from nevirapine, all medications were ceased, and the patient's condition improved. The role of antiretroviral agents, particularly nevirapine, in liver dysfunction is explored. Contraindications in prescribing this drug, particularly for patients with impaired liver function or current alcohol or drug abuse, are also discussed.
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PMID:Hepatitis in an HIV-infected man. 1136 58

Wasting is a severe, dangerous medical condition, and it can occur quickly, even in overweight patients. In wasting, the digestive process is disrupted, and patients lose their ability to absorb necessary nutrients from food. HIV interferes with metabolism, causing the body to burn muscle mass before it burns fat. Additionally, other physical problems can make eating difficult or painful, and the nausea associated with HIV therapies compounds the problem. Several nutritional supplements are recommended for people with weakness, fatigue, or poor appetite. Some are standard supplements intended to boost caloric intake easily, others are modified fat supplements or special formula supplements designed for special purposes.
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PMID:Managing weight loss with nutritional supplements. 1136 27

HIV and poor nutrition destroys the immune system. A well-nourished HIV infected person is less likely to develop an opportunistic infection than those with poor nutrition. Emotional stress and opportunistic infections can decrease one's appetite. Eating can become difficult and painful in persons with oropharyngeal infections. HIV-related wasting reduces protein and fat reserves. Vitamin A maintains a healthy immune system. Adding nuts, oil, mashed fish, dark green or orange fruits and vegetables, or fruit juice and replacing some water with fresh milk or coconut milk makes porridge more energy-rich. Fermenting or malting porridge makes it thinner, easier to swallow, and more nutritious. Fermentation allows for increased absorption of some nutrients (e.g., iron and zinc). The diet for persons with HIV-related infections should increase their appetite, and they should ingest enough nutrients to help the gastrointestinal tract manage and recover from diarrhea and to regain weight and strength lost during illness. All HIV-infected persons should eat as much as possible, particularly easy-to-eat and easily-absorbed foods. Those with mouth sores should avoid spicy and peppery foods. Those with a poor appetite should eat small amounts more often than usual. Those with diarrhea should eat easily digestible foods (e.g., soups) and, in some cases, avoid fatty or oily foods and milk. They should drink extra fluids to prevent dehydration. HIV-infected pregnant women should eat foods rich in vitamin A (dark green leaves or orange fruits and vegetables, liver, or egg yolk) and iron. Maternal vitamin A deficiency increases the risk of vertical HIV transmission 3-4 fold. Breast milk is the best food for all infants, particularly during diarrhea. In some communities, nongovernmental organizations provide those infected or affected by HIV/AIDS with food, food production maintenance, and nutrition counseling through their home care services.
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PMID:Eat healthily, stay healthy. 1229 May 62

Common causes of persistent diarrhea, diarrhea which lasts for more than 2 weeks, in developing countries include infection with protozoans, bacteria, and viruses. The cause of HIV-related diarrhea varies from one area to another. Persistent diarrhea is more common among people who have advanced HIV disease than among those who do not, and is a major problem for many people with HIV/AIDS. The main dangers of diarrhea are dehydration and malnutrition. People with HIV-related diarrhea can become malnourished and lose weight quickly, mainly because they do not eat well due to poor appetite. Moreover, since weight loss is associated with HIV infection, people with diarrhea may be assumed to have HIV, and be stigmatized. Good hygiene and nutrition are the best ways to prevent diarrhea. While drinking boiled water is recommended, it is often not practical. Washing hands frequently with soap is a more practical prevention strategy. Other prevention strategies include storing food under a cover; washing eating and cooking utensils; washing raw fruit and vegetables; disposing of waste properly; and keeping anything dirty, such as soiled bedding, out of the reach of children. Nutritious, readily digestible food is also needed to prevent and treat diarrhea. Treatment recommendations are offered, as well as a guide to eating well.
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PMID:HIV-related diarrhoea. 1229 60

Despite the major benefits of antiretroviral therapy on survival during HIV infection, there is an increasing need to manage symptoms and side effects during long-term drug therapy. Cannabis has been reported anecdotally as being beneficial for a number of common symptoms and complications in HIV infections, for example, poor appetite and neuropathy. This study aimed to investigate symptom management with cannabis. Following Ethics Committee approval, HIV-positive individuals attending a large clinic were recruited into an anonymous cross-sectional questionnaire study. Up to one-third (27%, 143/523) reported using cannabis for treating symptoms. Patients reported improved appetite (97%), muscle pain (94%), nausea (93%), anxiety (93%), nerve pain (90%), depression (86%), and paresthesia (85%). Many cannabis users (47%) reported associated memory deterioration. Symptom control using cannabis is widespread in HIV outpatients. A large number of patients reported that cannabis improved symptom control.
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PMID:Cannabis use in HIV for pain and other medical symptoms. 1585 39

This case study report utilized the grief counseling principles proposed by Worden to elucidate the grief responses of a woman whose husband died of AIDS. It also described the nursing care provided by staff nurses to assist the woman to get through the period of grief by achieving "the four goals of grief". Fifteen in-depth interviews were performed and field notes were collected. As the study reports, the grief responses of the wife were: affective expressions, including grief, anger, guilt, self blame, anxiety, loneliness, fatigue, helplessness, and shock; physical expressions, including insomnia, palpitations, and chest tightness; cognitive expressions, including disbelief, confusion, a sense that the loved one is still alive; and behavioral expressions, including insomnia, poor appetite, social withdrawal, avoidance of mentioning the deceased, searching, sighing and sobbing. After her husband had been deceased for six months, the wife completed the phases of 1) acceptance of loss, 2) experiencing grief and pain, 3) adapting to a new environment without the deceased, and 4) redirecting the positive feelings towards the deceased in building a brighter future. This case report will help clinical nurses to understand how to assist families with HIV/AIDS through proper grief counseling, and thus how to guide them through grief.
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PMID:[Utilizing grief counseling principles to assist a woman whose husband died of AIDS]. 1854 92

Sutherlandia frutescens (tribe Galegeae, Fabaceae), a popular plant in traditional medicine, is indigenous to South Africa, Lesotho, southern Namibia and southeastern Botswana. It is chemically, genetically and geographically extremely variable and has been divided into three subspecies and several regional forms. A second species, Sutherlandia tomentosa, is localized along the Cape coast. Sutherlandia is sometimes treated as part of the genus Lessertia. There are numerous vernacular names and a wide diversity of uses, including poor appetite, indigestion, stomach complaints, dysentery, colds, influenza, kidney conditions, fever, diabetes, internal cancers, uterine troubles, liver conditions, backache, rheumatoid arthritis, urinary tract infections, stress and anxiety, dropsy and heart failure. Notable is the use as a bitter tonic ("blood purifier"), anti-stress medication ('musa-pelo) and, at least since 1895, specifically as a cancer tonic (both as treatment and as prophylaxis). Externally it is applied to haemorrhoids, inflamed wounds and eye infections. Recent in vitro and in vivo studies have shown antiproliferative, anti-HIV, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antibacterial, anti-stress, anticonvulsant and antithrombotic activities. Aqueous extracts often differ in activity from organic solvent extracts. The presence of high levels of free amino acids, non-protein amino acids such as canavanine and GABA, the cyclitol pinitol, flavonols and triterpenes (including SU1, a cycloartane-type triterpene saponin) provide plausible hypotheses on how these compounds, individually or collectively, may be responsible for the reputed efficacy in a wide range of ailments. Results of animal studies, as well as a phase I clinical study, have shown no indications of toxicity. Sufficient preclinical data are now available to justify controlled clinical studies.
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PMID:A review of the taxonomy, ethnobotany, chemistry and pharmacology of Sutherlandia frutescens (Fabaceae). 1876 Oct 68

Abdominal pain is a frequent presenting symptom among HIV-positive patients seeking care at emergency departments. We report a case of a 45-year-old HIV-infected Hispanic man who presented with right lower quadrant pain accompanied by fever, decreased appetite, nausea, and vomiting. The results of a CT scan of his abdomen were normal with no evidence of appendicitis. A colonoscopy was performed and revealed an impacted pill in the appendiceal orifice. The pill was removed endoscopically, and pill impaction has not recurred.
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PMID:Pill impaction mimicking appendicitis in an HIV-positive patient. 1920 55


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