Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019693 (HIV)
 170,526 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

During the past decade retroviruses have been recognized as causes of human neurological disease. A wide clinical spectrum of neurological and neuromuscular diseases have been reported with HIV infections, and studies of these diseases have raised novel and exciting hypotheses of pathogenesis. As yet the full clinical spectrum of diseases associated with HTLV-1 has yet to be defined, and the pathogenesis of the chronic spastic paraparesis remains a mystery. Chronic neurological diseases in animals caused by both oncoviruses and lentiviruses can provide some clues to the pathogenesis of these newly recognized human neurological illnesses.
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PMID:Retroviruses and nervous system disease. 135 98

HIV and HTLV-1 are retrovirus that can produce human disease. It is known that HTLV-1 is associated to the adult T cell leukemia and to the spastic tropical paraparesis. AIDS is now a pandemic infection and HTLV-1 has a high endemicity in the Caribbean region and Japan, whereas the south of the United States has a low endemicity. In Mexico there is little information on HTLV-1 incidence. In the present work we looked for anti HTLV-1 antibodies in one hundred persons that belong to the high risks AIDS population in the city of Monterrey, Mexico. We found that 93 sera were positive for anti HIV antibodies in a ELISA test and seven were negative. All 93 sera were also positive in the Western Blot assay. In the confirmatory test two out of the seven negative sera were classified as indeterminate and five as negative. We also included in this study 50 sera from healthy control volunteers that did not belong to the high risk AIDS population and resulted negative in the HIV and HTLV-1 test. Anti HTLV-1 antibodies were determined by using an agglutination test with gelatin particles covered with HTLV-1 and confirmed by a Western Blot assay. We found that only three sera resulted positive in this agglutination test, but were negative by the Western Blot technique.
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PMID:[Antibodies against human T-cell lymphotropic viruses in subjects at high risk for HIV in Monterrey]. 152 48

A 19-year-old male intravenous drug abuser, was admitted to hospital with a one-week history of lower limb weakness and urinary retention. He was known to have been HIV-seropositive for 3 years and had been treated for cerebral toxoplasmosis. Neurological examination confirmed flaccid paraparesis with weak ankle jerks and bilateral extensor plantar responses. There was no obvious sensory deficit. Neurological examination was otherwise normal. CSF contained 63 mg/dl protein and 10 leucocytes/mm3. Myelography was normal. He died 1 month later from septic peritonitis. Neuropathological examination showed chronic lesions of toxoplasmosis in brain. Small necrotic foci with myelin loss, proliferation of microglia, macrophages and multinucleated giant cells (MGC) were disseminated in the whole spinal cord, mostly in the white matter, but the brain was spared. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated p24 and p17 HIV antigens in macrophages, MGC and microglial cells. These lesions resemble those of so called 'multifocal giant cell encephalitis'. The present case demonstrates that HIV-related multifocal inflammatory changes may be restricted to the spinal cord and may be a cause of myelopathy in AIDS patients.
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PMID:Multifocal multinucleated giant cell myelitis in an AIDS patient. 185 90

Syphilitic meningitis, which can occur near the time of secondary syphilis, is frequently asymptomatic. There has been one recent report of an HIV-positive patient who developed syphilitic polyradiculopathy following a recent history of secondary syphilis. We describe an HIV-negative woman in whom paraparesis occurred secondary to syphilitic meningitis. Complete recovery followed a course of high-dose intravenous penicillin therapy, emphasizing the treatable nature of this cause of paraparesis.
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PMID:Syphilitic meningitis causing paraparesis in an HIV-negative woman. 186 31

A HIV-2 strain named HIV-2ben was isolated from peripheral blood lymphocytes of a patient who, since 1984, had developed neurological symptoms such as Raynaud's syndrome, followed by paresthesia of extremities and ataxia, and finally paraparesis of the legs and incontinence. This new isolate could be distinguished from HIV-2rod by antibody-binding epitopes, peptide maps of core p24 and p18 polypeptides and restriction endonuclease cleavage pattern.
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PMID:Isolation and characterization of HIV-2ben obtained from a patient with predominantly neurological defects. 211 42

We present 7 HIV-infected patients with a unique, subacute, progressive polyradiculopathy. All had AIDS, sacral sensory loss, acute urinary retention, and progression to flaccid paraparesis in days to weeks. Cytomegalovirus was cultured from spinal fluid of 4 patients, and postmortem examination of the 1st 5 patients disclosed an inflammatory polyradiculopathy with cytomegalic inclusions. The inclusion-bearing cells were immunocytochemically positive for cytomegalovirus. Two patients who received early anti-cytomegalovirus treatment with ganciclovir improved. Thus, early recognition and treatment with ganciclovir may be effective in this otherwise fatal condition.
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PMID:Ganciclovir in the treatment of progressive AIDS-related polyradiculopathy. 215 72

Two human retroviruses, HIV-1 and HTLV-I, have been associated with myelopathies in addition to other neurologic disorders. We report an American dually infected with HIV-1 and HTLV-I who developed steroid-responsive myeloneuropathy. This 28-year-old bisexual man developed interstitial pneumonitis and a transient midthoracic sensory level followed by the evolution of a slowly progressive spastic paraparesis and sensorimotor neuropathy. Serologic studies demonstrated coinfection with both HIV-1 and HTLV-I. Peripheral blood absolute CD4 count was persistently within the normal range. Cranial MRI was normal and spinal MRI showed T3-T10 atrophy. Serial CSF analyses demonstrated marked intrathecal synthesis of anti-HTLV-I IgG, lymphocytic pleocytosis, elevated protein and immunoglobulin G, and oligoclonal bands. HIV-1 was isolated from CSF but not from peripheral nerve. Lymphoproliferative studies confirmed spontaneous proliferation in both blood and CSF. Soluble interleukin 2 receptor and soluble CD8 were greatly elevated in blood and CSF when compared with patients with HIV-related vacuolar myelopathy and seronegative patients with other causes of myelopathy. Nerve biopsy showed epi- and endoneurial CD8+ lymphocytic infiltration without vasculitis; muscle biopsy showed features of acute and chronic denervation. A 6-week course of prednisone produced sustained improvement in leg strength and walking times. We speculate that the myeloneuropathy was caused by HTLV-I in the setting of coinfection with HIV-1.
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PMID:Steroid-responsive myeloneuropathy in a man dually infected with HIV-1 and HTLV-I. 216 Oct 92

HTLV-1 was the first human retrovirus to be isolated. It has been shown that it is the causative agent of T cell leukemia in the adult and some types of subacute myelopathies. The virus is transmitted by similar routes as the AIDS virus. HTLV-1 infection is endemic in South Japan, the Caribbean countries and some African areas. The prevalence of HTLV-1 infection in our country is unknown in the general population and in the groups at high risk. We report the preliminary results of a study of 1279 serum samples from high risk individuals from the Barcelona area. ELISA and Western blotting were used to detect antibodies. We found evidence of anti-HTLV-1 only in 4 of 905 (0.44%) parenteral drug abusers and in 1 of 102 western Africans. Anti-HTLV-1 were not found in the remaining sera from 62 homosexuals, 53 patients with leukemia and/or lymphoma, 3 with idiopathic spastic paraparesis and 154 with multiple blood transfusions. These results suggest that HTLV-1 has a very low diffusion in our area. The 4 positive heroin addicts are the first reported in our country with evidence of HIV and HTLV-1 coinfection.
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PMID:[Evidence of HTLV-1 infection in different groups at risk in Barcelona]. 233 81

This study presents the main clinical findings on 200 AIDS patients at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre in the northern zone of Tanzania, with detailed neurological findings on 135 out of 200 cases and 53 controls. Results show that 21 out of 200 (10.5%) had an obvious focal neurological disorder, including cranial nerve palsies, hemiparesis and paraparesis. Ninety-seven out of 135 (72%) had less obviously detectable neurological disorders, versus 36% of controls (P less than 0.005). Most frequent were AIDS dementia complex (54%), retinopathy (23%), areflexia (21%), pyramidal tract signs (19%) and tremor and incoordination (19%). Frontal lobe release signs (FLRS) were found in 103 out of 135 (76%) patients, versus 36% of controls (P less than 0.005). Advanced and terminal AIDS cases were more likely to have neurological disorders than early AIDS patients. A further study on 87 non-AIDS patients with acute unexplained neurological disorders showed 10 out of 87 to be HIV seropositive. Three case studies are presented. This study suggests that neurological disorders are among the main clinical features of AIDS and HIV disease in Africa.
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PMID:Neurological disorders in AIDS and HIV disease in the northern zone of Tanzania. 250 33

In the outpatient clinic of the Institute of Venereology clinical examinations were carried out in 37 patients with HIV infection, who were in a good general condition. In 28 patients peripheral lymphadenopathy was present, with involvement of the lymph nodes in at least two areas besides groins in 15 cases (40.5%). In 11 cases oral candidiasis was present, in one out of 6 females vaginal candidiasis was found. Seven patients (19%) had moderately intense seborrhoea, one (3%) had seborrhoeic dermatitis. Paradontosis was found in 4 patients (11%), 5% had follicular keratinization and 5% had recurrent pharyngitis and high fever. In some cases short-lasting maculoerythematous rash developed on the chest and face or chest and on the legs, recurrent herpes, paraparesis, and a history of short-lasting convulsions developing 6-10 days after alleged infection. In some patients 2 or 3 above mentioned symptoms occurred at the same time.
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PMID:[Results of preliminary clinical studies of patients with HIV antibodies]. 253 25


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