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Query: UMLS:C0019693 (HIV)
 170,526 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A prison inmate's fear that his cellmate has HIV is insufficient to sustain a negligence lawsuit he filed against prison officials, a Federal judge has ruled. [Name removed], a pretrial detainee in a California county jail, said his health was in danger because he suspects his cellmate has HIV. The U.S. District Court Judge Fern M. Smith agreed that indifference to serious medical needs presents a cognizable claim for violation. However, she said there is no danger in having an HIV-positive inmate in the same cell.
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PMID:Inmate can't demand new cell because he fears cellmate has HIV. 1136 19

A Federal judge in New York has ruled that an HIV-positive inmate has no cause of action against a prison physician who refuses to honor the prisoner's request for a specific therapy. [Name removed] W. [Name removed], an inmate of the Nassau County Correctional Facility on Long Island, sued the prison physician, the prison and others, because he was denied the drugs he sought to treat his HIV disease. [Name removed] asked to remain on the antiviral ddC, which he had been taking prior to his incarceration, and be administered Interferon, a therapy used for the treatment of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS). The prison physician, Dr. T. Kashimawo, instead prescribed a combination of AZT and ddI, as well as acyclovir, which is used to control herpes. Kashimawo said that he chose the therapy because ddC was not approved for use as a single-drug therapy and is contraindicated for patients with a history of liver problems, such as [name removed]'s. In the lawsuit he prepared himself, [name removed] contended that Kashimawo's refusal to prescribe ddC and Interferon violated his right to sound medical care while in prison. However, a Federal judge decided that Kashimawo's actions did not constitute deliberate indifference to [name removed]'s medical needs, and felt that [name removed] had no evidence that would persuade a rational juror to conclude otherwise.
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PMID:Inmate not entitled to choose his own course of HIV medicines. 1136 3

Pennsylvania jail inmates at the State Correctional Institute at Graterford claimed that because food handlers were not screened for HIV, no protection from HIV infection was being provided. A Federal judge dismissed the claim on the grounds that the plaintiffs failed to allege that they suffered any real or potential injury, and that the inmates fell short of the deliberate indifference standard. This standard was established by the U.S. Supreme Court as a vehicle for reviewing claims of cruel and unusual punishment.
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PMID:Inmates lose bid to screen food handlers for HIV infection. 1136 16

A Maryland Court of Special Appeals ruled in a 2-1 decision that a rapist who is HIV-positive could be found guilty of attempted murder. Inmate [name removed] [name removed] tested positive for HIV and was counseled not to engage in unprotected sexual intercourse. Following his release, he and an accomplice forced a woman at gunpoint to withdraw money from her automated teller machine and then attempted to rape her. No condom was used. The trial judge convicted [name removed] on a number of charges, including rape and attempted murder, and sentenced him to life in prison. [Name removed]'s public defender argued that [name removed] could not be convicted of these crimes simply because he placed the victim at risk for HIV. The Special Court of Appeals found that since [name removed] realized he could transmit a lethal virus by raping the woman without a condom, the trial judge was within the law when he inferred that [name removed] had intended the consequences of his actions. In dissent, Justice Bloom argued that the rape could be more readily interpreted as an act of wanton indifference as opposed to an attempted murder.
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PMID:Court upholds murder conviction of HIV-positive rapist. 1136 59

An HIV-positive Pennsylvania inmate, [name removed], filed a lawsuit claiming that prison physicians were indifferent to his medical needs because they tried to wean him from addictive analgesics. [Name removed]'s suit alleged deliberate indifference to his pain. Prison physicians first prescribed Darvon, and then Percocet, a very powerful painkiller, to lessen [name removed]'s discomfort. However, a new medical director at the State Correction Institution at Mahanoy City determined that Percocet was not warranted, and initiated a gradual reduction in the dosage. [Name removed]'s lawsuit was dismissed by a Pennsylvania Federal judge.
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PMID:Denial of specific medicine is not 'deliberate indifference'. 1136 68

Traditional Christian concepts of sin inhibit the potential of religious congregations to respond to the needs of families affected by HIV disease. Typically, rural congregations experience fear, prejudice, and apathy, and often impose a moral response to HIV/AIDS. Clergy and health care professionals must work toward offering one another insight into the communities they serve. Clergy and congregations can demonstrate through their actions that HIV is an opportunity for people to carry out a mission of human service.
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PMID:AIDS and the rural church. 1136 24

Many studies have shown that brain infections occur early in HIV infection, usually within weeks of seroconversion. Asymptomatic seropositive persons frequently show HIV in the brain and spinal fluid. The most common presenting symptoms are memory loss, walking difficulties, mental slowing, and depressive symptoms. In patients with localized abnormalities, such as weakness, another opportunistic infection should be suspected. Most patients with HIV dementia have clear psychomotor slowing, greater than normal reflexes, and signs indicating widespread brain dysfunction. As the dementia progresses, patients develop language and attention problems, apathy, severe psychomotor slowing, and lack of insight. Delirium is a frequent side effect of the medicines used to treat dementia. Diagnosis is fairly simple, with MRI being used to rule out CMV, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, and herpes. AZT and antiretrovirals offer protective effects to delay the onset and progression of AIDS dementia. The AIDS Clinical Trials Group has completed a study showing that nimodipine, a calcium-channel blocker, can lessen damage to the brain, and is safe and generally well tolerated. Combination therapies, such as antiretrovirals with cytokine blockers, will probably emerge as the treatment of choice for dementia.
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PMID:Diagnosing and treating HIV dementia. 1136 57

In [name removed] v. Smith County, Texas U.S. Magistrate Judith K. Guthrie dismissed an HIV-infected inmate's suit against prison officials, where he had received less than optimal drug therapy for his disease. Inmate [name removed] received appropriate doses of AZT and 3TC, but initially did not receive Crixivan; when he did receive it, it was at half the dose he took prior to incarceration. Dismissal was based on rulings by the 5th U.S. Circuit Court that inmates suing prison officials, claiming deliberate indifference, must show more than negligence. The judge further dismissed the inmate's claims under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and the Rehabilitation Act, saying that those Federal statutes are not applicable to correctional facilities. This ruling predated the U.S. Supreme Court's finding that prisons are subject to the ADA statutes.
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PMID:Giving improper dose of HIV drug is not proof of indifference. 1136 30

The 2nd U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals ruled that people do not lose their right to maintain confidentiality of their HIV status upon being jailed. A case filed by [name removed], an inmate at the Albion Correctional Facility in New York, alleged that a corrections officer gratuitously disclosed her HIV-positive status and transsexual status to a coworker in front of other inmates. The disclosures exposed [name removed] to harassment by guards and prisoners. Although [name removed] died of AIDS-related complications in 1995, her estate continued the suit. Judge Dennis G. Jacobs ruled that while it was permissible to disclose such information for legitimate penological purposes, this revelation was done for gossip with deliberate indifference to the inmate's safety. The judge also found the defendants were entitled to qualified immunity because the right to privacy in a prison setting had not been established at the time of the disclosures.
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PMID:Prison employees not immune from HIV disclosure suit. 1136 34

A New York prison inmate, [name removed], has not been entitled to receive a specific nutritional supplement because he has HIV, the 2nd U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals ruled. [Name removed] alleged that the Attica Correctional Facility wrongly refused to give him Ensure as a treatment for HIV. He and claimed that the supplement was necessary because he was losing weight and his CD-4 T cell count was falling. The refusal, according to [name removed], amounted to indifference to his medical needs, and violated his 8th Amendment right to be free of cruel and unusual punishment. Uncontested affidavits from the prison medical staff showed that [name removed] refused his HIV medication and insisted on being treated with Ensure. Courts have ruled that a difference of medical opinion does not constitute indifference or carelessness and therefore is not a constitutional violation.
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PMID:Denial of dietary product isn't deliberate indifference. 1136 10


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