Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019693 (HIV)
 170,526 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The National Association of People with AIDS (NAPWA) released a May 2, 1996, report stating that the tap water in the nation's major cities places people with weakened immune systems at risk for contracting cryptosporidium. Cryptosporidium is a potentially life-threatening microscopic parasite. In people with compromised immune systems, the symptoms of diarrhea, headache, abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting, and fever can persist for months and lead to death. Twenty-two of the thirty-one cities surveyed had no testing or notification policies in place to reduce an outbreak of cryptosporidium. NAPWA recommends that people with HIV disease in extremely high-risk cities (Atlanta; Dallas; Minneapolis; Newark, NJ; St. Petersburg, FL; and Washington, DC) refrain from drinking tap water. Another 22 cities were found to be at high risk for an outbreak.
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PMID:NAPWA questions safety of drinking water in major cities. National Association of People with AIDS. 1136 72

A 56-year-old, obese woman who had been sexually inactive for 10 years presented at the hospital with high fevers, decreased appetite, nausea, vomiting, and weight loss. Following many diagnostic tests that revealed little, it was found that her estranged husband was being treated for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP). The woman was tested for HIV and found to be positive. This is an example of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) indication that 10 percent of reported AIDS cases occur in people over age 50, that diagnosis is often delayed in older age groups, and that anyone suffering from fever of an unknown origin should be tested for HIV. In such situations it is suggested that general practice include seeking behavioral information and offering HIV testing and counseling.
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PMID:FUO in a 56-year-old woman. 1136 55

Glaxo Wellcome is offering an expanded access program for abacavir (Ziagen, formerly 1592) to HIV-positive patients who are not benefiting from their current combination therapy. In a dramatic departure from the usual entry criteria, the abacavir eligibility criteria require no specific CD4 cell count or viral load. To qualify, volunteers must be on a failing regimen, unable to tolerate standard therapies, and a physician must verify that another drug combination would not be viable. Patients are urged to switch to a regimen of at least two new drugs based on U.S. government treatment guidelines. Similar programs are available for the anti-HIV drugs efavirenz (Sustiva) and adefovir dipivoxil (Preveon). People using abacavir, a nucleoside analog, may experience side effects such as headache, nausea, and vomiting. If a hypersensitivity reaction develops, patients must stop the treatment. Taking the drug after experiencing an adverse reaction can be life threatening.
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PMID:Glaxo opens broad expanded access program for abacavir (Ziagen). 1136 71

A Glaxo-Wellcome study of anti-HIV-drug-naive patients taking amprenavir at 1200 mg and abacavir at 300 mg twice daily reveals viral load drops to below 500 copies. Another study involving abacavir at 300 mg, amprenavir at 1200 mg, AZT at 300 mg, and 3TC at 150 mg, all taken twice daily was conducted with recently infected patients and chronically infected patients. Viral load drops and rises in CD4+ cell counts were reported in both groups after 20 weeks. A rash associated with abacavir tends to occur in about 5 percent of the patients tested. Fatigue, nausea, vomiting, and fever are also possible side effects.
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PMID:New drugs: amprenavir and abacavir. 1136 35

Abacavir sulfate (Ziagen) received accelerated approval for treatment of HIV infection from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). It is the fifteenth approved anti-HIV drug. Abacavir, manufactured by Glaxo Wellcome, is currently the most powerful of the nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs). Side effects include nausea, vomiting, fatigue, headache, and diarrhea. A serious hypersensitivity reaction occurs in approximately 5 percent of patients taking the drug. Patients who experience this reaction can never take the drug again, because subsequent reactions can be fatal. Drug interactions may be minimal, as abacavir is not metabolized by the same enzymes that metabolize several other anti-retrovirals. Resistance is also discussed and clinical data from studies are presented.
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PMID:Abacavir sulfate (Ziagen). 1136 89

Viramune (Nevirapine) is the first non-nucleoside analog approved by the FDA for children. The suspension is administered initially at a low dose and then increased at doses that vary according to the child's age. A majority of the participants in the clinical trials had a decrease in HIV viral load over a period of 6 months. It is important to note that children generally have higher viral loads than adults. Side effects include rash, vomiting, fatigue, and nausea.
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PMID:Viramune (Nevirapine) is approved for children. 1136 70

Antiretroviral therapy is a form of chemotherapy, yet chemotherapy is a term generally reserved for cancer treatment. In either case, the side effects of chemotherapy (e.g., nausea, vomiting, and fatigue) are often debilitating, Chemotherapy is recognized as an option in the world of cancer, and the patient's decision is usually respected. Yet HIV patients who initiate treatment may get scant support for the complexities of personal treatment decisions. Patients are met with an onerous course of medications whose long-term effectiveness is questionable. Antiretroviral treatment needs to be individualized and offered as one option. Another option might be alternative or complementary therapies such as immunomodulators. A holistic approach to HIV is an important part of PWA self-empowerment.
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PMID:The truth about HIV therapy. 1136 18

Studies have found that people with HIV have significant reductions in S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe). SAMe is an important ingredient in reactions used to make a substance that holds myelin, the coating on nerve fibers, together. SAMe also has been shown to have value in treating fibromyalgia and Alzheimer's disease. The drug may have potential use in fighting liver disease as well by increasing glutathione production and reducing the symptoms of cholestasis. Methionine, a substance made into SAMe by the body, might help improve HIV-related myelopathy. A study is currently enrolling patients with HIV to evaluate methionine's effectiveness in treating myelopathy. Side effects of methionine include nausea, vomiting, drowsiness, and irritability. Contact information is provided.
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PMID:SAMe as it ever was? 1136 83

We report three cases of hepatic steatosis associated with lactic acidosis occurring in HIV positive patients and due to a toxicity of antiviral nucleoside analogues. The clinico-pathological presentation was similar associating digestive signs (vomiting and abdominal pain), polypnea, lactic acidosis, a lethal clinical course, and an hepatomegaly with a diffuse macrovacuolar steatosis. The ultrastructural study performed in two cases showed mitochondrial alterations in hepatocytes. The toxicity of antiviral nucleoside analogues is due to a mitochondrial DNA polymerase inhibition. The incidence of this disease is actually low but probably underestimated. The diagnosis should be rapidly performed and the treatment immediatly interrupted.
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PMID:[A rare etiology of hepatic steatosis associated with lactic acidosis: the toxicity of antiviral nucleoside analogues]. 1137 88

Cannabis has been advocated as a treatment for nausea, vomiting, wasting, pain and muscle spasm in cancer, HIV/AIDS, and neurological disorders. Such uses are prohibited by law; cannabinoid drugs are not registered for medical use in Australia and a smoked plant product is unlikely to be registered. A New South Wales Working Party has recommended granting exemption from prosecution to patients who are medically certified to have specified medical conditions. This proposal deserves to be considered by other State and Territory governments.
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PMID:Allowing the medical use of cannabis. 1147 3


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