Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019693 (HIV)
 170,526 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 34-year-old white man with the human immunodeficiency virus infection had a large Kaposi sarcoma lesion of his foot. This was treated with local radiation therapy consisting of 2700 rads administered in 15 fractions during a period of 28 days. Ten months later, the patient had painful disseminated Kaposi sarcoma and was treated with a 10 mg/m2 dose of intravenous vinblastine. Forty-eight hours after receiving the chemotherapy, the patient had an area of localized painful erythema develop, swelling, and vesicular eruption over the previous site of radiation therapy. This was healed by the fifth day after chemotherapy. No additional vinblastine was administered. Radiation recall occurring in a patient with significant immunosuppression (CD4 lymphocytes, 30 cells/microliters) possibly suggests that the tissue response is not a lymphocyte-mediated event.
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PMID:Radiation recall associated with vinblastine in a patient treated for Kaposi sarcoma related to acquired immune deficiency syndrome. 151 13

Noninfectious inflammatory skin diseases are often a persistent problem for patients with infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and they present both diagnostic and therapeutic challenges for the dermatologist. Well-defined diseases such as granuloma annulare, reactions to insect bites, and leukocytoclastic vasculitis may be more severe in these individuals and may be refractory to therapy. More poorly defined conditions with psoriasiform and papular morphologies have also been described. A number of skin conditions, including pityriasis rubra pilaris, cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, and erythema elevatum diutinum, have recently been observed in the HIV-infected host. Because the dermatologist plays an important role in diagnosis and management of patients with HIV infection, it is important that he or she be well versed in the clinical manifestations and natural history of these conditions.
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PMID:Noninfectious inflammatory skin diseases in HIV-infected individuals. 183 13

We analyze the experience in serologic diagnosis of Lyme's borreliosis. From a total of 551 patients studied from 1987 to 1989, we further evaluate 80 cases with erythema chronicum migrans or a clinical diagnosis of Lyme's disease and positive serological tests. The techniques used were IFI, ELISA1 (Whittaker Bioproducts) and ELISA2 (MarDx Diagnostics). Serological tests results were evaluated in relation to clinical data. Five cases were excluded because of no-specific symptoms. There were 20 false-positive results, mainly due to other infections (HIV infection, tuberculosis, Mediterranean spotted fever and syphilis). Fifty-five patients were considered clinically of having Lyme's disease. IFI test was positive in 81.8% of all the 55 cases, ELISA2 in 58.4% of 53 cases tested and ELISA1 in 23% of 43 cases tested. Correlation between IFI and ELISA2 positive test was seen in 45% of cases. Specificity of all tests was higher than 97%. The study shows that sensitivity for all three techniques used was not optimal, and also there are some differences in their results. However, specificity was adequate.
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PMID:[Serologic diagnosis of Lyme disease. A pending problem]. 193 40

The aim of dermatologic check-up is the early diagnosis of asymptomatic potentially dangerous skin changes. An early melanoma may be cured by simple excision. Dermatologic signs in general medicine are very important. Paraneoplastic symptoms in patients with glucagonoma consist of the typical necrolytic migratory erythema. Acrokeratosis Bazex is seen in patients with larynx carcinoma and dermatomyositis or acanthosis nigricans may occur in patients with internal malignancy. Spider angioma, jaundice, changes in hair pattern and white nails may be cutaneous signs of liver disease or necrobiosis lipoidica may be found in diabetic patients. Renal transplants and patients with HIV infection should be submitted for a dermatological check-up every six months. In these people several malignant tumors are seen more often than in control people.
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PMID:[The dermatologic check-up]. 275 9

Physical examination by a single clinician showed that 17 of 51 asymptomatic homosexual men and 19 of 26 men with persistent lymphadenopathy had linear telangiectasias in a broad, crescent distribution across the chest. The telangiectasias were commonly associated with erythema in the same distribution. Of the 36 men with telangiectasias, 25 were positive for serum antibody to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), whereas only 15 of 41 men without telangiectasias were seropositive (p = 0.001). Biopsy studies of supraclavicular skin from 6 of the men with HIV antibody and telangiectasias showed a characteristic pattern of dilated blood vessels with a perivascular small-cell infiltrate; no endothelial proliferation was noted. This histopathologic pattern was not consistently observed in HIV-seronegative men regardless of whether they had telangiectasias. These data show that telangiectasias of the upper chest are a relatively common finding in homosexual men and that they are significantly, although not exclusively, associated with HIV infection.
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PMID:Telangiectases [corrected] of the anterior chest in homosexual men. 346 23

1. The definition of relapse as "occurrence of new signs and symptoms of the disease during the period of surveillance or thereafter in a patient who successfully completes an adequate course of multidrug therapy" accommodates the current policy of releasing patients even when there are clinical and bacteriological signs of activity after fixed duration treatment. 2. The predisposing cause of relapse in the persistence of live M. leprae in various tissues in MB leprosy and in the nerve in PB leprosy. 3. The precipitating causes of relapse include (a) inadequate therapy due to miscategorization of MB cases as PB when there are solitary or few MB lesions since skin smear examinations for AFB are not routinely done in PB cases. (b) Previously sulphone treated LL cases inactive for more than two years are not included for MDT. Relapses commonly seen in NLEP units are in such cases. (c) Multiple skin and nerve lesions in PB leprosy. (d) Pregnancy and lactation. (e) Mental depression which downgrades immunity. (f) HIV infection. 4. There may be a change in type on relapsing, PB cases relapsing as MB and MB cases relapsing as PB. 5. Criteria for diagnosis of relapse are: increase in the extent of lesions, infiltration and erythema, fresh skin and nerve lesions, positive skin smears for AFB in previously negative cases; and in bacteriologically positive cases during surveillance, an increase in BI by two logs at any site over the previous BI in two successive examinations. 6. Relapses are but too often diagnosed as reversal reactions inspite of the absence of symptoms and signs of acute inflammation to the detriment of patients; a course of steroid therapy which is administered to these patients on the diagnosis of reversal reaction does not halt the progress of the disease especially in the nerve, resulting in disability.
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PMID:Clinical features and diagnosis of relapses in leprosy. 762 30

The oral cavity is a common site for the occurrence of lesions in patients who are seropositive for HIV. This paper describes a preliminary approach to the study of the oral manifestations of HIV infections in the region of the Americas. Specifically, a general description of typical lesions along with a review of the prevalence of different manifestations is presented based on data from Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Mexico, Peru, US, Uruguay, and the English Caribbean. Although differences were noted in the frequency of the clinical forms seen, oral candidiasis was the most common oral lesion identified. Hairy leukoplakia was the second most frequent lesion in all studies except the Peruvian in which the most prevalent oral condition was xerostomia. Fewer cases of HIV-gingivitis and HIV-periodontitis were seen in the Americas than in the US. Other manifestations of HIV infections observed include Kaposi's sarcoma, oral erythema, and labial herpetic infection. More studies are needed; dentists need more training in detecting and treating lesions; and information needs to be systematized and standardized so that accurate comparisons may be made among regions and countries.
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PMID:Oral manifestations of HIV infection: a Panamerican perspective. 767 93

This article describes the baseline findings from a study designed to compare the oral manifestations of HIV infection in homosexual men and intravenous drug users. Both seropositive and seronegative persons were studied. A standard examination instrument was developed to record indexes of oral disease as well as to record the presence of oral lesions. The two groups differed in terms of education, race, socioeconomic status, employment status, housing, and smoking experience. The prevalence and type of oral lesions differed in the two seropositive groups. In seropositive homosexual men, white lesions on the tongue (28.4%) predominated; whereas for the seropositive intravenous drug users, oral candidiasis (43.0%) and gingival marginal erythema (33.3%) were most often detected. We also observed that seronegative intravenous drug users displayed a greater number of oral lesions than seronegative homosexual men. For seropositive homosexual men, lesion presence was significantly associated with decreased levels of CD4; positive associations were seen with current smoking, antiviral drug use, and antibiotic use, and a negative association was observed with current employment. In contrast, only exposure to antiviral drugs was significantly correlated with lesion presence for seropositive intravenous drug users. This baseline analysis from our longitudinal study suggests clear differences in oral manifestations of HIV infection between seropositive homosexual men and intravenous drug users and between seronegative homosexual men and intravenous drug users. Among other parameters, it is apparent that lifestyle, access to health care, and the condition of the oral cavity before infection influence the development of oral lesions in persons with HIV infection.
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PMID:Oral manifestations of HIV infection in homosexual men and intravenous drug users. Study design and relationship of epidemiologic, clinical, and immunologic parameters to oral lesions. 793 84

A multitude of oral lesions, including unique forms of periodontal disease, have been discovered in individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Although the frequency of HIV-associated periodontal diseases appears to be less than previously thought, many researchers agree that an important factor influencing the prevalence of unique periodontal disease in the HIV population is the degree of immunodeficiency. The pathogenesis of HIV-associated periodontal diseases remains unclear, but may be the result of microbiota and/or alterations in the host. HIV-gingivitis, now called linear gingival erythema, and HIV-periodontitis, now called necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis, have microbiology profiles similar to conventional adult periodontitis, although these lesions are quite different clinically. This article reviews clinical signs and symptoms, treatments, and the pathogenesis of HIV-related periodontal findings. It specifically focuses on the immuno-incompetence of HIV disease as a risk factor for periodontal disease. Because the caseload of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients will increase significantly in the future, the dental practitioner must be able to recognize and manage the periodontal lesions associated with HIV infection.
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PMID:HIV disease as a risk factor for periodontal disease. 798 97

We described a case of necrolytic migratory erythema without glucagonoma in a 33-year-old man. The patient had been heroin-dependent, HIV negative since the age of 23. He had no medical history of note and all the investigations revealed normal parameters. This is the first case of necrolytic migratory erythema without glucagonoma associated with heroin abuse.
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PMID:Necrolytic migratory erythema without glucagonoma in a heroin-dependent patient. 800 93


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