Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0019693 (HIV)
 170,526 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The incidence of tuberculosis in the developed countries has recently started to rise again due to increased migration, a higher rate of direct transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and co-infection with HIV. The impact of the latter on the pathogenesis and presentation of tuberculosis is summarised. Important measures to prevent the further spread of tuberculosis include rapid diagnosis, prompt isolation of infectious patients, adequate control of treatment compliance, as well as surveillance of local resistance patterns. Disease due to the Mycobacterium avium complex is more frequent among HIV-infected patients in Central Europe than tuberculosis, and its development in the presence of immune deficiency seems to be mainly the result of a new infection with this ubiquitous microorganism rather than the reactivation of a previously acquired infection. It has a significant impact on mortality. The diagnosis of Mycobacterium avium complex infection requires a high degree of conjecture because most of the symptoms are non-specific, such as fever, night sweats, weight loss and anaemia. Promptly initiated treatment significantly prolongs the survival time of those affected by comparison with untreated patients.
 ...
PMID:Epidemiological and clinical aspects of mycobacterial infections. 903 44

To investigate the incidence of symptomatic primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection and its prognostic significance for HIV-1 disease progression, data for 328 homosexual men from four cohort studies were evaluated. Rates of diarrhea, fever, night sweats, cough, and fatigue prior to, during, and after seroconversion were compared by use of Poisson regression, and the prognostic significance of these symptoms was evaluated with survival methods. The incidence of all symptoms was elevated during seroconversion; however, only fever was associated with faster disease progression. Seven or more days of fever was reported by 13.8% of subjects; half of them developed AIDS within 6 years, whereas only one-fourth of the men without fever developed AIDS within 6 years. In addition, fever was the only symptom associated with shortened survival and increased CD4 cell loss. Persons experiencing prolonged periods of fever during seroconversion should therefore be considered for early treatment, including prophylaxis against opportunistic infections and combinations of antiretroviral drugs.
 ...
PMID:Incidence and prognostic significance of symptomatic primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection in homosexual men. 920 56

Interleukin-1 (IL-1) produced in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) cultures or added exogenously has been shown to upregulate HIV expression in vitro. Inhibition of IL-1 in HIV-infected individuals may inhibit HIV activation and slow disease progression. Recombinant human IL-1 receptor (rHu-IL-1R), the soluble extracellular portion of the human type I IL-1 receptor, inhibits HIV expression in acutely infected primary PBMCs and in the chronically infected promonocytic cell line, U1. We, therefore, conducted a phase I/II trial of the soluble rHu-IL-1R in HIV-1-infected individuals with CD4 T cell counts <300/microl to evaluate its safety and activity. Twelve evaluable patients were enrolled at three rHu-IL-1R dose levels:125 (n=3), 500 (n=3), and 1250 (n=6) microg/m2 per dose by subcutaneous (s.c.) injection three times a week for 8 weeks, followed by a 4 week observation period. rHu-IL-1R was safe and well tolerated. There were no deaths, no treatment-related grade 3/4 events, and no premature study discontinuations because of adverse events. The maximum tolerated dose was not reached. Seven patients reported improvements in one or more symptoms, including weight gain (3), improved energy level (4), decreased diarrhea (1), decreased night sweats (1), improvement in psoriatic arthritis (1), and improvement in a nonspecific chronic diffuse skin rash (1). Of 3 evaluable patients with Kaposi's sarcoma, 1 remained stable and 2 showed minimal progression. No consistent trends in absolute CD4 counts or percentages, quantitative HIV cultures, or serum p24 antigen, beta2-microglobulin, or triglyceride levels were observed. rHu-IL-1R is safe and well tolerated at the doses tested but induced no consistent changes in objective markers of HIV disease. Symptomatic improvements will require confirmation in randomized, placebo-controlled trials.
 ...
PMID:Phase I/II trial of the type I soluble recombinant human interleukin-1 receptor in HIV-1-infected patients. 962 Mar 59

As patients with HIV/AIDS are living longer with the illness, pain and symptom management are increasingly important health issues. This article will discuss the assessment and management of such common problems as pain, fatigue and weakness, dyspnea and cough, anorexia and weight-loss, nausea and vomiting, sleep disorders, dry mouth, diarrhea, itching, and fever and night sweats.
 ...
PMID:Palliative care: pain and symptom management in persons with HIV/AIDS. 992 83

A 16-year-old African-American female presented with a 4-week history of intermittent fever, night sweats, and bilateral upper quadrant abdominal pain, bifrontal headache, left eye pain, pruritic rash on arms and chest, 7-kg weight loss, and 2-week history of pain with defecation and urination coincident with the development of perineal ulcers. Her past medical history is unremarkable. Chest x-ray showed bilateral interstitial nodular densities. The laboratory tests that returned positive were herpes simplex culture of the genital ulcer, rapid plasma reagin (1:32), microhemagglutination-Treponema pallidum test, and HIV ELISA and Western blot tests. Open lung biopsy was positive for Histoplasma capsulatum. Syphilis, herpes simplex type II, and HIV infection were all transmitted sexually from a single (and first) sexual encounter a year before admission.
 ...
PMID:Comorbidity of STDs. 1035 99

A 36-year-old HIV-infected male patient presented with relapsing fever episodes to 39 degrees C, night sweats and weight loss. Computerized tomography of the abdomen showed enlarged multiple lymph nodes. After surgical resection of multiple lymph nodes, disseminated infection with Histoplasma capsulatum was diagnosed. Amphotericin B desoxycholate was initiated for 24 days. Fourteen days after therapy was discontinued, the patient suffered similar symptoms again. Subsequent treatment with liposomal amphotericin B led to rapid improvement within 3 days. Upon discharge, maintenance therapy with 600-mg itraconazole capsules was initiated and decreased to 400-mg 14-days later. Itraconazole therapy was continued until the patient died more than 2 years later because of complications of the underlying disease. At autopsy there were no signs of histoplasmosis.
 ...
PMID:Case report. Successful therapy of disseminated histoplasmosis in AIDS with liposomal amphotericin B. 1039 60

Our objective was to compare the effect of 2 regimens for treatment of Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) bacteraemia in an HIV-positive population on symptoms and health status outcomes using a substudy of an open-label randomized controlled trial. The study was conducted in 24 hospital-based human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) clinics in 16 Canadian cities. Patients had HIV infection and MAC bacteraemia and were given either rifampin 600 mg, ethambutol 15 mg/kg daily, clofazimine 100 mg daily and ciprofloxacin 750 mg twice daily (4-drug arm) or rifabutin 600 mg daily (amended to 300 mg daily in mid-trial), ethambutol 15 mg/kg daily and clarithromycin 1000 mg twice daily (3-drug arm). The primary health status outcome was the change on the 8-item symptom subscale of the Medical Outcome Study (MOS)-HIV Health Survey adapted for MAC. Changes on other MOS-HIV subscales and on the Karnofsky score were also evaluated. Patients on the 3-drug arm had better outcomes on the MOS-HIV symptom subscale at 16 weeks (P=0.06), with statistically significant differences restricted to night sweats and fever and chills (P < 0.001). The proportion of patients improving on the symptom subscale relative to baseline was 55% on the 3-drug arm and 40% on the 4-drug arm. Patients on the 3-drug arm also had better Karnofsky score at 16 weeks (P < 0.001) and better outcomes on the social function, mental health, energy/fatigue, health distress and cognitive function subscales of the MOS-HIV. The 3-drug arm is superior to the 4-drug arm in terms of impact on MAC-associated symptoms, functional status and other aspects of health status.
 ...
PMID:Symptomatic and health status outcomes in the Canadian randomized MAC treatment trial (CTN010). Canadian HIV Trials Network Protocol 010 Study Group. 1077 83

A 35-year old HIV-infected man who has been on AZT and TMP-SMX for five years with CD4 cell counts fluctuating between 150/mm3 and 200/mm3 for the last three years is presented in this case history. Because of elevated serum amylase, he was advised not to add ddI or ddC and decided to discontinue AZT, taking only TMP-SMX for the last six weeks. He begins not to feel well and complains of weight loss, night sweats and a "funny" feeling in his left ear and swelling of his face. Upon examination his face is asymmetric with a pronounced firm, nontender fullness at the angle of his left mandible and a suggestion for similar swelling on the right. He has large (2 to 3 cm), firm, nontender posterior cervical nodes bilaterally, as well as bilateral 4 cm axillary and inguinal nodes. Routine blood chemistries are normal with the exception of the elevated amylase, and a chest X-ray shows increased interstitial markings. It is possible that the patient is on the way to developing Diffuse Infiltrative Lymphocytosis Syndrome (DILS), characterized by the presence of abnormally high numbers of circulating CD8 T cells that infiltrate salivary glands, lungs, and other organs. An elevated serum amylase accompanied by a normal serum lipase also suggests hyperamylasemia of salivary gland origin. Follow-up indicated that the patients' lipase was normal and biopsy of parotid glands was negative for malignancy. It was determined that ddI would not be a retroviral of choice in patients with elevated amylase; a combination of AZT and ddC would be a more prudent choice.
 ...
PMID:Hyperamylasemia and facial swelling in an HIV-infected man. 1136 64

Doctors recently identified a new form of parasitic worm that was associated with the death of a person with AIDS from the San Francisco Bay area about 1 year ago. The man acquired HIV 5 years ago, but was hospitalized in 1994 with stomach and back pain, weight loss, night sweats and fever. After the worm destroyed parts of the liver and intestines, doctors suspected a new variety of HIV-related cancer. Upon examining the tissue using polymer chain reaction technology, the doctors were able to see that the large amount of scar tissue was caused by the fast growth of the worm. Many questions remain unanswered, such as: how often the new worm causes disease in humans, whether the weakened immune system of a person with AIDS was a factor in susceptibility, where the microbe exists in nature, and whether the infestation can be treated effectively using drugs known to be effective against similar parasites.
 ...
PMID:Lethal new worm discovered in PWA. 1136 26

Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) is a common opportunistic infection in people with HIV. It causes fever, night sweats, weight loss, fatigue, diarrhea and abdominal pain, and the bacteria that causes it is found everywhere. Medicines can be given to strengthen the immune system and increase resistance to MAC. Patients need to consult with their doctors and follow their medical regimens to prevent MAC.
 ...
PMID:Don't have a MAC attack. How to fight AIDS-related MAC. National Institutes of Health. 1136 37


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>