Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019693 (HIV)
 170,526 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

It is critical to take HIV medications, particularly protease inhibitors, exactly as prescribed to reduce the risks of developing resistance. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recently approved a new drug, Combivir, a combination of 3TC (lamivudine) and AZT in one tablet. Combivir works by interfering with the HIV life cycle to prevent it from replicating, and is taken twice a day with or without food. Patients with low body mass, hepatitis, or liver or kidney disease should not take Combivir. Blood counts need to be monitored regularly when taking this drug. Potential side effects include headache, nausea, fatigue, diarrhea, nasal congestion, or flu-like symptoms. A phone number is provided for more information on Combivir.
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PMID:What you need to know about Combivir. 1136 67

Some clinicians are claiming that IL-2 (interleukin-2) can quadruple T-cells, and is effective in rebuilding HIV-impaired immune systems. However, IL-2 also increases HIV replication. The increase can potentially be offset by combination therapy with protease inhibitors, but other concerns linger over IL-2's use in HIV treatment. It has minimal or detrimental effects on patients with T-cell counts below 200, the group most in need of an immune system boost. Insurance companies will generally not cover the treatment, and there are several cases of physicians charging exorbitant prices for the treatment. Patients taking IL-2 also suffer severe side effects, including nausea, aches, and flu-like symptoms. Drug trials are currently underway to test the effectiveness of IL-2.
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PMID:Cells for sale. 1136 58

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved Fortovase, the new soft gel formulation of saquinavir, for treating HIV infection in adults. The gel delivers much more of the drug to the blood than the previous dosage form. The primary side effects are diarrhea, nausea, and abdominal discomfort. A new U.S. trial designed to compare Fortovase taken three times a day versus twice a day is now accruing patients. Contacts are provided for more information on this trial.
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PMID:Fortovase approved: new saquinavir formulation. 1136 7

The new HIV drug treatments are emptying hospital beds and ridding the medicine cabinet of over-the-counter drugs that combat opportunistic infections, diarrhea, and drug side effects. However, the remaining drugs are difficult to take and require patients to pay close attention to when they take them. These drugs also induce significant side effects, such as nausea, that make adherence a continual problem. A patient describes noncompliance episodes that may occur while engaged in daily activities and provides his strategies for insuring that he adheres to his prescribed drug regimen.
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PMID:Popping pills for life. 1136 69

Wasting is a severe, dangerous medical condition, and it can occur quickly, even in overweight patients. In wasting, the digestive process is disrupted, and patients lose their ability to absorb necessary nutrients from food. HIV interferes with metabolism, causing the body to burn muscle mass before it burns fat. Additionally, other physical problems can make eating difficult or painful, and the nausea associated with HIV therapies compounds the problem. Several nutritional supplements are recommended for people with weakness, fatigue, or poor appetite. Some are standard supplements intended to boost caloric intake easily, others are modified fat supplements or special formula supplements designed for special purposes.
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PMID:Managing weight loss with nutritional supplements. 1136 27

Many side effects are associated with the use of anti-HIV drugs, impacting the development of drug resistance and the quality of life for HIV-patients. Concern about side effects is a primary factor in deterring people from beginning HIV therapy. Frequency and severity of side effects vary greatly, but they are frequently more common and severe in people who are taking a new drug or who have advanced HIV disease. Information on side effects comes largely from clinical trials; however, many side effects are not discovered until the drug has been approved and used by larger numbers of people. Side effects vary from serious toxicities that require stopping treatment to uncomfortable or annoying side effects that interfere with daily life. A table categorizes the four major side effects (nausea, fever, skin rash, and fatigue) and divides them into grades that describe their intensity. A chart lists the side effects associated with specific anti-HIV drugs. Suggestions for managing side effects are included.
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PMID:Side effects associated with anti-HIV drugs. 1136 58

Glaxo Wellcome is offering an expanded access program for abacavir (Ziagen, formerly 1592) to HIV-positive patients who are not benefiting from their current combination therapy. In a dramatic departure from the usual entry criteria, the abacavir eligibility criteria require no specific CD4 cell count or viral load. To qualify, volunteers must be on a failing regimen, unable to tolerate standard therapies, and a physician must verify that another drug combination would not be viable. Patients are urged to switch to a regimen of at least two new drugs based on U.S. government treatment guidelines. Similar programs are available for the anti-HIV drugs efavirenz (Sustiva) and adefovir dipivoxil (Preveon). People using abacavir, a nucleoside analog, may experience side effects such as headache, nausea, and vomiting. If a hypersensitivity reaction develops, patients must stop the treatment. Taking the drug after experiencing an adverse reaction can be life threatening.
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PMID:Glaxo opens broad expanded access program for abacavir (Ziagen). 1136 71

Adefovir (Preveon) is a new compound for treating HIV infection and presents no risk for developing cross resistance. Adefovir, at 125 mg/day, has created a 0.5 log decrease in viral load in 50 percent of patients tested. At 250 mg/day, the decreases are similar. Increases in CD4+ cells are also recorded. Adverse reactions from adefovir include nausea, diarrhea, weakness, headache, and pain; slight elevations in liver enzymes were also recorded in some subjects. At the 12th week of the study, patients also experienced drops in carnitine levels by 42 percent at 125 mg/day, and 62 percent at 250 mg/day. Overall, adefovir is determined to be better tolerated at 125 mg/day with no greater benefits derived at higher doses.
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PMID:New drug, new hope. 1136 29

A Glaxo-Wellcome study of anti-HIV-drug-naive patients taking amprenavir at 1200 mg and abacavir at 300 mg twice daily reveals viral load drops to below 500 copies. Another study involving abacavir at 300 mg, amprenavir at 1200 mg, AZT at 300 mg, and 3TC at 150 mg, all taken twice daily was conducted with recently infected patients and chronically infected patients. Viral load drops and rises in CD4+ cell counts were reported in both groups after 20 weeks. A rash associated with abacavir tends to occur in about 5 percent of the patients tested. Fatigue, nausea, vomiting, and fever are also possible side effects.
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PMID:New drugs: amprenavir and abacavir. 1136 35

A new study on medical marijuana, funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), is recruiting volunteers. Volunteers will be paid $1,000, and the study design requires participants to spend 25 days in San Francisco General Hospital's research ward, without leaving and without receiving visitors. Volunteers will be randomly selected to smoke marijuana, take dronabinol, or take placebo capsules. The goal is to find out what is safe and effective for HIV/AIDS patients. The study will look at the nausea-relieving qualities of the drug and its impact on viral load, testosterone levels, energy intake, and body composition. Eligibility requirements are specified, and contact information is included.
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PMID:Medical marijuana study in San Francisco: pays $1000, 25 days in hospital. 1136 68


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