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Query: UMLS:C0019693 (HIV)
 170,526 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 30 year old man presented with late stage HIV disease and intrathoracic lymphadenopathy. Histology of a mediastinal biopsy suggested infective follicular hyperplasia or a peripheral T cell lymphoma. Subsequently, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection was demonstrated in lymphocytes in the biopsy. Later, hepatosplenomegaly and peripheral lymphadenopathy developed. Histology of a cervical lymph node biopsy showed EBV associated diffuse large B cell (non-Hodgkin's) lymphoma.
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PMID:Progressive intrathoracic lymphadenopathy: EBV associated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. 1187 51

Two children with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) as the presenting illness of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) are described. There was a delay in diagnosing the underlying AIDS in both cases. In the first case, an 18-month-old boy with stage IV, high-grade,T-cell NHL, the diagnosis of underlying AIDS was suspected only when he developed recurrent and profound opportunistic infection during chemotherapy. The second case, an eight-month-old female infant presented initially with hepatosplenomegaly and thrombocytopenia of undetermined cause. She had progressive abdominal distension and swelling of her right eye one year later due to high grade B-cell NHL. She was later found to be sero-positive for HIV during pre-chemotherapy screening. As the prevalence of HIV infection continues to increase, HIV infection should be considered in the differential diagnoses of childhood hepatosplenomegaly and thrombocytopenia, and as a possible underlying cause of childhood cancer, especially NHL.
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PMID:Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome presenting as childhood non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. 1187 80

The clinical presentation of visceral leishmaniasis, or kala-azar, is variable but usually includes fever, severe cachexia, lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly. In immunocompromised patients the clinical course of the disease is even less specific and the diagnosis is often made by means of incidental detection of the parasites at atypical sites such as the gastrointestinal tract, peripheral blood, lungs and cerebrospinal fluid. We describe a case of pericardial leishmaniasis in an HIV-infected patient.
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PMID:Visceral leishmaniasis with pericarditis in an HIV-infected patient. 1192 56

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), which is transmitted by sandflies, is always present in at least 62 countries and is spreading to areas where it had not existed in the past. VL/HIV co-infections are becoming more and more common. In southern Europe, 25-70% of adult VL cases also have HIV infection. 1.5-9% of AIDS cases have newly acquired or reactivated VL. In the Mediterranean area, VL is the most common opportunistic parasitic infection among AIDS cases (i.e., 100 CD4/mcl). AIDS patients with VL have a much shorter survival period than other AIDS patients. VL can lie dormant for years but emerge clinically if an infected person has immunosuppression. Most VL/HIV co-infections in the western hemisphere are in Brazil. East African countries reporting VL/HIV co-infections include Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, and Sudan. Only one VL/HIV co-infected case has been found in Cameroon and in Guinea Bissau. VL/HIV co-infection cases tend to not have the usual VL clinical signs and symptoms (fever, weight loss, hepatosplenomegaly, polyadenopathies), making clinical diagnosis difficult. Since VL test sensitivity in HIV positive patients is reduced 20-40%, it is also difficult to make a serological diagnosis. In the first VL episode of HIV-infected patients, clinicians should use BMA, the safest and most sensitive test. Drug options for VL treatment include pentavalent antimonials, pentamidine, amphotericin B, and amphotericin B encapsulated in liposomes. Treatment failure is rather common in VL/HIV co-infected patients. Researchers from different centers need to conduct trials of various multi-therapy schedules. 70% of VL/HIV co-infected cases in southern Europe use intravenous drugs, suggesting that sharing of needles may account for the co-infection. The World Health Organization has mobilized against VL/HIV co-infections, including setting up a minimal surveillance system.
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PMID:Leishmania / HIV co-infections. 1229 May 65

This paper presents a case study on the neonatal acquisition of the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) transmitted transplacentally from mother to baby. 3 years before the delivery the mother had received a (contaminated) blood transfusion because of an abortion. The mother of the baby infected her husband. 2 other children in the family, ages 6 and 7, were seronegative confirming that HIV can only be transmitted through sexual contact, blood transfusions and perinatally. HIV can be transmitted perinatally in 3 ways: 1) transplacentally; 2) during delivery and postpartum through breastfeeding. The baby in this study acquired HIV in the uterus and developed symptoms such as those found in AIDS. His clinical symptoms included low birthweight, poor growth, diarrhea, hemorrhages, hyperthermia, hepatosplenomegaly and recurrent infections. There is concern that HIV transmitted perinatally is on the increase in Mexico due to the growing numbers of bisexuals. 68.9% of women in reproductive ages have already been diagnosed with AIDS and have acquired it through bisexual contacts.
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PMID:[AIDS in the newborn. Case report]. 1234 95

A rare simultaneous occurrence of multicentric Castleman's disease, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and Kaposi's sarcoma was diagnosed in a 70-year-old man who presented with fever, polyarthralgia, weight loss, vascular purpura, anemia, generalized lymphadenopathy, and hepatosplenomegaly. He had no risk of HIV infection and serological tests for HIV were negative twice, but a low number of T-cells and a reversed CD4/CD8 ratio were observed. During hospitalization, he developed Kaposi's sarcoma at the right sole. Lymph node biopsies revealed multicentric Castleman's disease together with a large B-cell lymphoma, which showed monotypic IgM-lambda lymphocytes. To our knowledge, this is the first report in which systemic manifestations of all three diseases occurred simultaneously prior to any specific treatment. The altered immune status and human herpesvirus-8 infection might have played a role in the pathogenesis of this occurrence.
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PMID:Multicentric Castleman's disease, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and Kaposi's sarcoma: a rare simultaneous occurrence. 1240 98

Of the 169 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children being cared for at Siriraj Hospital from January 1998 to September 2000, 10 had Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection; seven had disseminated disease and three had MAC pneumonia. Nine children were in the advanced stage of HIV disease at the time of diagnosis with the median CD4 count of 7 cells/mm3 and 127 cells/mm3 and the median age of 65 months and 63 months in disseminated MAC and MAC pneumonia respectively. None of these children had received prior chemoprophylaxis. Common clinical findings included prolonged fever, weight loss, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, diarrhea, anemia and leukopenia. The outcome of MAC infection was poor, with a mortality rate of 60 per cent. In in vitro susceptibility testing, clarithromycin was the least resistant drug. With the incidence rate of 2.15 per 100 person-years, the high rate of antimicrobial resistance, and the poor outcome, primary chemoprophylaxis for MAC infection in conjunction with effective antiretroviral therapy should be considered for Thai children in the advanced stage of HIV infection.
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PMID:Mycobacterium avium complex in HIV-infected Thai children. 1240 47

A 29 year old male drug addict, who was HIV positive presented with fever and hepatosplenomegaly. Bone marrow examination revealed Histoplasma capsulatum confirmed by PAS & GMS stains. However patient had a rapid downhill course with multiorgan failure and died before specific treatment could be instituted.
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PMID:Disseminated histoplasmosis in an AIDS patient diagnosed on bone marrow. 1278 78

Cryptococcal meningitis (CM) is the commonest life threatening opportunistic fungal disease in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infected individuals. But there are very little reports of lymphadenopathy along with cryptococcal meningitis, although cases of pulmonary, Intestinal, Bone marrow and retinal involvement have been described earlier. Here we report a case of cryptococcal meningitis associated with generalized lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly.
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PMID:Cryptococcal lymphadenitis and meningitis in human immunodeficiency virus infection--a case report. 1278 84

The WHO clinical case definition for pediatric HIV infection has been designed to be used in countries where diagnostic laboratory resources are limited. We evaluated the WHO case definition to determine whether it is a useful instrument to discriminate between HIV-positive and HIV-negative children. In addition, clinical features not included in this case definition were recorded. We recorded clinical data from 300 consecutively admitted children in a state hospital in Bloemfontein, South Africa, and tested these children for HIV infection. A total of 222 children were included in the study; 69 children (31.1 per cent) were HIV positive. The sensitivity of the WHO case definition in this study was 14.5 per cent, the specificity was 98.6 per cent. Apart from weight loss and generalized dermatitis, the signs of the WHO case definition were significantly more often seen in HIV-positive than in HIV-negative children. Of the clinical signs not included in the WHO case definition, marasmus and hepatosplenomegaly especially occurred more frequently in HIV-positive children. Based on these findings we composed a new case definition consisting of four signs: marasmus, hepatosplenomegaly, oropharyngeal candidiasis, and generalized lymphadenopathy. HIV infection is suspected in a child presenting with at least two of these four signs. The sensitivity of this case definition was 63.2 per cent, the specificity was 96.0 per cent. We conclude that in this study the WHO case definition was not a useful instrument to discriminate between HIV-positive and HIV-negative children, mainly because its sensitivity was strikingly low. The simplified case definition we propose, proved to be more sensitive than the WHO case definition (63.2 vs. 14.5 per cent), whilst its specificity remained high.
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PMID:Evaluation of the WHO clinical case definition for pediatric HIV infection in Bloemfontein, South Africa. 1284 2


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