Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0019693 (HIV)
 170,526 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Penicillium marneffei is endemic in Southeast Asia, the Guangxi province of China, and Hong Kong. Cases of patients infected with P. marneffei have been very rare, but the incidence has increased markedly during the past several years. This increase is exclusively due to infection occurring among HIV-infected patients. The patients usually presented with symptoms and signs similar to other patients with late HIV-associated diseases. These included fever (99% of patients), anemia (78%), pronounced weight loss (76%), generalized lymphadenopathy (58%), and hepatomegaly (51%). Skin lesions were seen in 71% of the patients. These lesions were most commonly papules with central necrotic umbilication. It was easy to culture P. marneffei from various clinical specimens. Bone marrow culture was the most sensitive (100%), followed by culture of specimens obtained from skin biopsy (90%) and blood culture (76%). The fungus was sensitive to amphotericin B, itraconazole, and ketoconazole. The authors' regimen is to give amphotericin B for 2 weeks, followed by itraconazole 400 mg/day orally for the next 10 weeks. After the initial treatment, the patient is given itraconazole 200 mg/day as secondary prophylaxis for life.
 ...
PMID:Infection due to Penicillium marneffei. 949 82

To determine whether Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) constitutes a contributing factor in AIDS and, conversely, whether the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) alters the course of primary EBV infection in a pediatric population, 62 children born to HIV-infected mothers and prospectively followed were evaluated. EBV infection was documented by EBV-specific serology and polymerase chain reaction and by clinical history. HIV infection status was determined according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention pediatric classification system. Demographics from HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected children were comparable. The data suggest that HIV-infected children may acquire primary EBV infection earlier in life. The incidence of accompanying splenomegaly or hepatomegaly (or both) around the time of EBV seroconversion was higher among HIV-infected children than among HIV-uninfected children. In contrast, HIV disease progression and HIV-1 RNA load did not seem to be influenced by primary EBV infection.
 ...
PMID:Natural history of Epstein-Barr virus infection in a prospective pediatric cohort born to human immunodeficiency virus-infected mothers. 953 89

Mother-to-child rates of HIV transmission are high in Africa. Findings are presented on 62 HIV-positive infants admitted to the Missionaries of Charity Orphanage, Addis Ababa, who were followed from July 25, 1991, to July 30, 1995. The infants were provided with regular clinical examination and treatment by a physician, as well as the monitoring of their HIV serostatus every 3 months until age 18 months and every year thereafter. Among infants over age 18 months, 14 were HIV seropositive and alive, and 4 were HIV positive, but died. 11 children were HIV positive and died before age 18 months and 33 seroreverted to HIV seronegative status. The level of mother-to-child HIV transmission was 29-47%. Among the clinical signs presented, generalized lymphadenopathy, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, wasting, stunting, and delayed motor development were more often found in the definitely HIV-positive children. Upper respiratory tract infections, acute diarrhea, pneumonia, pyogenic skin infections, sepsis, and candidal infections were the most commonly seen illnesses.
 ...
PMID:A four-year cohort study of HIV seropositive Ethiopian infants and children: clinical course and disease patterns. 957 11

Adenovirus infections occur commonly in infants and children but are rarely fatal. Although immunosuppression has been associated recently with fatal outcome of adenovirus infections, reports of major morbidity or mortality caused by adenovirus infection in HIV positive patients are infrequent. This is the first report on fatal adenovirus infections in presumably HIV-positive infants in Thailand. Three infants, aged 4, 8 and 5 months, were hospitalized with diagnoses of pneumonia and ARDS, pneumonia with hepatomegaly and ARDS, and pediatric AIDS with pneumonia, respectively. All the infants died within a few weeks after hospitalization. Serologic tests revealed positive anti-HIV in all three infants. Unfortunately, no additional investigation for definite diagnosis of HIV infection was employed. Pathological findings from autopsy and post mortem needle biopsies revealed adenovirus pneumonia in the first two infants, and massive adenovirus infection of the liver in the third infant. Diagnoses were based on characteristic light microscopic pathological findings, and demonstration of viral particles arranged in crystalline arrays in the nucleus of the infected cells by electron microscopy.
 ...
PMID:Fatal adenovirus infections in infants probably infected with HIV. 962 14

Patients infected with HIV are susceptible to a variety of hepatic processes that are related to immunosuppression or are associated with the risk factors of homosexuality and parenteral drug use. These processes present in a myriad of ways including fever, right upper quadrant pain, and hepatomegaly, or simply as asymptomatic elevations of liver tests. Care of these patients demands systematic evaluation and treatment to ensure that morbidity and mortality are minimized and quality of life and medical care costs are optimized.
 ...
PMID:HIV-Related hepatic disease: when and why to biopsy. 973 Sep 41

Two imported cases of Penicillium marneffei infection in Belgium are reported. Both patients are Thai women co-infected with HIV. P. marneffei infection should be suspected in immunocompromised patients originating or travelling from South-East Asia with unexplained fever (> 38 degrees C), weight loss, a generalised lymphadenopathy, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, skin lesions, cough and anaemia. Diagnosis is made by culture and/or histopathological examination. Mild to moderate infections are treated with itraconazole 400 mg/day as first choice. Amphotericin B parenteral therapy may be required for seriously ill patients. Maintenance therapy with itraconazole 200 mg/day is necessary to prevent relapses.
 ...
PMID:Two imported cases of Penicillium marneffei infection in Belgium. 979 45

Penicillium marneffei is a dimorphic fungus that can cause systemic mycosis in humans. It is endemic in Southeast Asia, the Guangxi province of China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan. Prior to the epidemic of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), penicilliosis was a rare event. The incidence of this fungal infection has increased markedly during the past few years, paralleling the incidence of HIV infection. The patients usually present with fever, anemia, weight loss, skin lesions, generalized lymphadenopathy, and hepatomegaly. The skin lesions are most commonly papules with central necrotic umbilication. The average number of CD4+ T lymphocytes at presentation is 64 cells/mm3. The fungus is usually sensitive to amphotericin B, itraconazole, and ketoconazole. The response to antifungal treatment is good if the treatment is started early. After the initial treatment the patient may need to take an antifungal drug as secondary prophylaxis for life. New tests for the laboratory diagnosis of penicilliosis have been reported. Further studies of these tests, as well as the epidemiology, natural history, and management of this potentially fatal systemic fungal infection are needed.
 ...
PMID:Epidemiology and management of penicilliosis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. 983 76

Four males aged 20-37 years (three drug addicts and one with a congenital mixed pulmonary valve lesion) were diagnosed in 1989, 1991 and 1993 with pulmonary valve endocarditis without tricuspid infection. Three patients were positive for hepatitis B, C or both, and one patient was HIV-positive. The predominant organism in blood cultures was Staphylococcus aureus. Antibiotic treatment of pulmonary valve endocarditis had failed; thus partial or total valvectomies were performed. Postoperatively, all patients were cured of infection and initial recovery was good. At mid-term follow up (5-10 years) there were no recurrences, and tolerance of the resultant pulmonary insufficiency was good. Slight to severe tricuspid valve insufficiency developed, together with right ventricular dilatation, in all cases. Hepatomegaly was apparent in two cases and peripheral edema in one. Despite treatment, the latter patient remained in moderate right ventricular failure, and may require homograft valve replacement. The other three patients remained in good clinical condition. Eradication of the infection was achieved in all patients. It is concluded that pulmonary valve resection is the treatment of choice for pulmonary valve endocarditis when antibiotic treatment has failed. Complete resection of all affected tissue should be performed in these cases. Analysis of preoperative data did not permit differentiation of those patients likely to develop right heart failure.
 ...
PMID:Pulmonary valve endocarditis: mid-term follow up of pulmonary valvectomies. 1088 91

This study examined the prevalence of hepatitis B and C markers in 55 paediatric oncology patients who had completed treatment at the Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia in Kota Baru. All these children had received blood products and had been treated between 1985-1996. Forty seven per cent of patients were positive for hepatitis B or C. Twenty nine per cent were positive for hepatitis C and twenty two per cent were HBsAg positive. Two children were positive for both and none were HIV positive. Four children had an elevated ALT level and one child had jaundice and hepatomegaly. Some children were marker-positive despite immunization and screening of blood.
 ...
PMID:The prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen and anti-HCV antibody in paediatric oncology patients in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia. 1096 9

We studied the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody seropositivity using ELISA (Ortho Diagnostic system, 3rd generation test) polymerase chain reaction testing of HCV-RNA (PCR, Promega) and serum alanine transferase (ALT) level in 100 healthy, HIV-negative, pregnant women who delivered spontaneously at the Alexandria University Hospital, and their newborns. Some risk factors were studied using Fisher's exact test. Nineteen per cent of pregnant women were HCV seropositive and 14 of them (14/19) had circulating HCV-RNA, detected by PCR. Nine of the babies born to the 19 HCV seropositive females had circulating antibodies, whereas HCV-RNA was detected in five of them. This gives a vertical transmission risk of 5/14 (36 per cent) for mothers carrying the HCV-RNA and 5/19 (26 per cent) for those having circulating HCV antibodies. History of previous blood transfusion, elevated serum ALT level, and history of infection with schistosomiasis were significant risk factors for HCV infection in mothers. In addition to the previous factors, maternal history of jaundice, stillbirth and hepatomegaly were significant risk factors for neonatal infection. The occurrence of early jaundice and the presence of congenital anomalies in the newborns were non-significant risk factors. In conclusion, our data indicate a high prevalence of HCV seropositivity in Egyptian HIV-negative pregnant women with a significant high rate of vertical transmission of HCV.
 ...
PMID:Prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and its vertical transmission in Egyptian pregnant women and their newborns. 1099 85


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>