Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019693 (HIV)
 170,526 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

As epigenetic readers of the histone code, BRD4 is the most extensively and thoroughly studied member of BET family, which plays a critical role in many human diseases including cancer, inflammation, HIV infections, CNS disorders, and cardiovascular diseases and has been proved to be a promising therapeutic target for these diseases. To date, many small-molecule BRD4 inhibitors have been discovered, and some of them are in clinical trials for the treatment of different diseases. Due to the lack of selectivity of these small molecules for BRD4 BD1, BRD4 BD2 and/or other BET proteins, they exert some toxic side effects, including dizziness, nausea, and vomit. Now, novel strategies are urgent needed to improve the selectivity and reduce the side effects of current BRD4 inhibitors. Herein, in this article, we made a summary of the recent development of novel strategies targeting BRD4. Opportunities for these strategies to achieve selective and efficacious BRD4 inhibitors for treating human diseases are also highlighted.
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PMID:Novel strategies targeting bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) for cancer drug discovery. 3250 63

Introduction: The 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has been declared a public health emergency worldwide. The objective of this systematic review was to characterize the clinical, diagnostic, and treatment characteristics of hospitalized patients presenting with COVID-19. Methods: We conducted a structured search using PubMed/Medline, Embase, and Web of Science to collect both case reports and case series on COVID-19 published up to April 24, 2020. There were no restrictions regarding publication language. Results: Eighty articles were included analyzing a total of 417 patients with a mean age of 48 years. The most common presenting symptom in patients who tested positive for COVID-19 was fever, reported in up to 62% of patients from 82% of the analyzed studies. Other symptoms including rhinorrhea, dizziness, and chills were less frequently reported. Additionally, in studies that reported C-reactive protein (CRP) measurements, a large majority of patients displayed an elevated CRP (60%). Progression to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) was the most common complication of patients testing positive for COVID-19 (21%). CT images displayed ground-glass opacification (GGO) patterns (80%) as well as bilateral lung involvement (69%). The most commonly used antiviral treatment modalities included, lopinavir (HIV protease inhibitor), arbidiol hydrochloride (influenza fusion inhibitor), and oseltamivir (neuraminidase inhibitor). Conclusions: Development of ARDS may play a role in estimating disease progression and mortality risk. Early detection of elevations in serum CRP, combined with a clinical COVID-19 symptom presentation may be used as a surrogate marker for the presence and severity of the disease. There is a paucity of data surrounding the efficacy of treatments. There is currently not a well-established gold standard therapy for the treatment of diagnosed COVID-19. Further prospective investigations are necessary.
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PMID:Clinical Features, Diagnosis, and Treatment of COVID-19 in Hospitalized Patients: A Systematic Review of Case Reports and Case Series. 3257 28

Objective: To review the efficacy and safety of ibalizumab (IBA) in the treatment of HIV-1 infection. Data Sources: A literature search was performed using PubMed and Google Scholar (2010 to mid-June 2020) with the search terms TMB-355, TNX-355, and ibalizumab. Other resources included abstracts presented at recent conferences and the manufacturer's website and prescribing information. Study Selection and Data Extraction: All relevant English-language articles of studies assessing the efficacy and safety of IBA were included. Data Synthesis: IBA is a monoclonal antibody that blocks HIV-1 from infecting CD4+ T cells. IBA is approved by the Food and Drug Administration, in combination with other antiretrovirals (ARVs), for the treatment of HIV-1 infection in heavily treatment-experienced adults with multidrug-resistant (MDR) HIV-1 infection failing their current ARVs. IBA demonstrated significant and sustained antiviral activity in patients with MDR HIV-1 infection who had advanced disease and limited treatment options. It carries a warning regarding the development of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome. Common adverse reactions include diarrhea, dizziness, nausea, and rash. Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice: IBA represents an attractive option for treatment-experienced adults with advanced HIV-1 infection who are no longer able to achieve viral suppression on oral ARV therapy alone and who are able to adhere to an infusion therapy every 2 weeks. As with other biologics, there is a potential for the development of antibodies to IBA that can compromise its efficacy and safety. Conclusion: IBA provides a needed treatment option to achieve and maintain viral suppression in heavily treatment-experienced adults with MDR HIV-1 infection.
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PMID:Ibalizumab: The First Monoclonal Antibody for the Treatment of HIV-1 Infection. 3265 1


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