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Query: UMLS:C0019693 (HIV)
 170,526 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To evaluate the consequences of receiving human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-seropositive blood, 90 HIV-1-seronegative recipients of HIV-1-seropositive blood (case patients) and 90 HIV-1-seronegative recipients of HIV-1-seronegative blood, matched for age, sex, number of transfusions, diagnosis, and severity of illness (controls), were followed for 12 months after transfusion at Mama Yemo Hospital in Kinshasa, Zaire. Of case patients and controls, 72% were children transfused for anemia caused by malaria. Of the 46 case patients case patients alive 6 months after transfusion and for whom HIV-1 serologic results were obtained, 44 (96%) had seroconverted. Significantly more case patients (47%) than controls (16%) died within 1 year after transfusion (P less than .001). In the first 3 months after transfusion, fatigue, diarrhea, fever, cough, pruritus, pallor, oral candidiasis, polyadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, and rhinorrhea were observed more often among seroconverters than controls (P less than .04). Six percent of case patients and no controls had developed clinical AIDS after 12 months of follow-up. These findings underscore the urgent need for appropriate HIV screening facilities in transfusion centers worldwide.
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PMID:Seroconversion rate, mortality, and clinical manifestations associated with the receipt of a human immunodeficiency virus-infected blood transfusion in Kinshasa, Zaire. 186 35

Forty-nine HIV-infected patients were submitted to peroral jejunal biopsy in order to evaluate the presence of microorganisms and the histomorphometric aspects of the enteric mucosa with subsequent correlation of these findings to the appropriate clinical stage of the disease. Thirty-seven patients fulfilled the CDC criteria for AIDS, of whom 23 presented with diarrhea. Of the 12 patients who had not yet been given an AIDS diagnosis. 3 had persistent generalized lymphadenopathy and 9 were asymptomatic carriers. Flat mucosa was observed in two patients (8.7%) with diarrhea and coccidea. Subtotal villous atrophy and severe lamina propria (LP) mononuclear infiltrate (13%) were found only in patients with diarrhea. Moderate to severe histologic changes were more frequently observed in this group, not always related to the presence of microorganisms. Crypt hyperregeneration was a constant finding. Intraepithelial lymphocyte (IEL) count was decreased in patients with diarrhea. Specific infectious agents were unexpectedly rare for the tropical developing country population studied. The organism most commonly associated with diarrhea was Cryptosporidium sp. (21.7%). The etiology of diarrhea in a significant number of patients remains unclear.
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PMID:Jejunal biopsy in HIV-infected patients. 189 Jun 2

Eight cases of typhoid and paratyphoid fever were identified during a 4-year period in a cohort of 117 patients who were positive for human immunodeficiency virus in Lima, Peru. Asymptomatic patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection and patients with the lymphadenopathy syndrome had a typical clinical presentation and response to therapy. Patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome who were culture positive for Salmonella typhi or Salmonella paratyphi presented with fulminant diarrhea and/or colitis; the two patients for whom at least 2 months of follow-up were available relapsed. In our cohort there were 0.06 cases of typhoid or paratyphoid per patient year of observation; this rate is approximately 60 times that in the general population in Lima, and 25 times that in the 15- to 35-year-old age group. Our data indicate that patients who are positive for human immunodeficiency virus are at significantly increased risk for infection with S typhi and S paratyphi, and suggest that the clinical presentation of these diseases in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome differs from that seen immunocompetent hosts.
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PMID:Association between the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and infection with Salmonella typhi or Salmonella paratyphi in an endemic typhoid area. 189 54

A retrospective review was conducted of 22 human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected children under 13 years of age presenting to an inner city pediatric emergency department to determine their clinical manifestations of disease and utilization of emergency department services. When compared with a population of 78 normal children, the infected children were more likely to present with cough, difficulty in breathing, and lethargy. Pneumonia, diarrhea, and dehydration were more common diagnoses in the infected children, who were more likely to be admitted, had more invasive procedures, and required more professional staff to provide care. There was no significant difference in the frequency of visits (visits/month of age) when comparing the two groups. As expected, the infected children presented with problems associated with pediatric HIV-1 infection. Our results suggest that HIV-1-infected children require an increased level of care in the emergency department and subsequent admission to the hospital. These children did not visit the emergency department more frequently than the controls. This may be the result of an active outpatient HIV clinic in our hospital, which is available to both scheduled and unscheduled patients.
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PMID:Utilization and clinical manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected children presenting to a pediatric emergency department. 190 79

This study examines the impact of HIV-1 infection and AIDS on 500 of 563 consecutive deaths at University Hospital, Kinshasa, Zaire, in late 1987. HIV-1 seroprevalence was 31% for the entire population and 43% for the 247 adults. Forty-two (38%) of the 110 HIV-1-seropositive adult deaths occurred in those between the ages of 25 and 34 years. The mean age of death for seropositives was 36 years, 7.5 years less than seronegative deaths. AIDS and AIDS-associated diagnoses such as cryptococcal meningitis, chronic diarrhea and pneumonia accounted for 42% of all adult deaths and 74% of all HIV-1-seropositive adult deaths. Seventeen per cent of 50 sera initially negative by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were ultimately found to be HIV-1-seropositive by Western blot or p24 antigen testing. The data indicate that HIV-1 infection and AIDS contribute significantly to adult mortality in Kinshasa population and that sensitivity of ELISA tests decreases in terminal HIV-1 infection.
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PMID:HIV-1 seropositivity and mortality at University Hospital, Kinshasa, Zaire, 1987. 190 62

Three cases of intestinal microsporidiosis are reported, in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients, with a chronic diarrhea. The first case is associated with an intestinal cryptococcosis and with a cytomegalovirus infection and the second case was diagnosed on ileal biopsy specimen. Since the first description of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in 1985. 49 cases of intestinal microsporidiosis are reported in the literature, all in AIDS patients and the frequency of this infection is probably underrated. Prospective studies find it in 6 to 30% of cases. This parasite must be suspected in HIV seropositive patients with clinically chronic unexplained diarrhea or with intestinal atrophy.
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PMID:[Intestinal microsporidiosis. 3 cases in HIV seropositive patients]. 190 78

Between November 1986-March 1990, microbiologists from the Indira Gandhi Medical College in Shimla in Himachal Pradesh, India used the ELISA technique to test 2645 serum samples for HIV. HIV positive samples were confirmed with the Western Blot technique. The samples were classified into 4 groups: individuals at sexually transmitted disease clinics, voluntary blood donors, hospital staff who handle blood and blood products, and foreign nationals. 77% were males. 1 individual sampled was a eunuch. Only 2 people tested positive for HIV. Both were male Canadians. 1 was a heterosexual with multiple partners and had been in Africa, China, France, Nepal, and Tibet. He went to the outpatient department of the Indira Gandhi Hospital in Shimla with a 4 month history of bloody diarrhea. Hospital staff found lymphadenopathy and consolidation of the right paracardiac border. The 2nd HIV positive foreign national presented at the District Hospital in Kullu with loss of appetite and weight. He later developed persistent diarrhea. Clinicians had earlier diagnosed cancer of the stomach, gross malnutrition, and peripheral neuropathy. Hospital staff did not follow up on these 2 Canadians. Even though none of the people from Himachal Pradesh tested positive for HIV, the fact that 2 foreign tourists were HIV positive poses a potential threat for the spread of HIV among these people. Other studies has shown the HIV infection has indeed been introduced in India from foreign nationals from USA, Canada, Germany, and Africa.
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PMID:Seroprevalence of HIV infection in Himachal Pradesh. 191 66

Since intestinal microsporidiosis might be of importance in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal symptoms in patients infected with HIV, we examined duodenal biopsies of HIV-infected patients by electron microscopy. Enterocytozoon bieneusi infection of the small intestine was found in one of 23 patients studied, which gives a 95% confidence interval for the prevalence rate between 0.1% and 22%. The infected patient was a 24-year-old homosexual male with AIDS who underwent upper endoscopy because of acute epigastric pain, nausea, and vomiting. These symptoms were obviously due to mesenterial Kaposi's sarcoma obstructing the duodenal passage, as was later revealed at autopsy. However, microsporidiosis might have caused the patient's eight-month history of diarrhea and weight loss, since infected cells showed signs of degeneration, and no other pathogens were ever detected in stool or biopsy. Our finding of Enterocytozoon bieneusi infection in a German AIDS patient supports the concept of a worldwide distribution of this parasite; further studies are needed to define its exact prevalence in HIV-infected patients and its pathogenic relevance.
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PMID:Intestinal microsporidiosis in a German patient with AIDS. 194 57

The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) was first diagnosed in burundi in 1983 when a large number of patients were registered with Kaposi's sarcoma, cryptococcal meningitis, and disseminated candidiasis. In the 1st phase of the disease the vi rus is dormant. In the 2nd phase seroconversion appears; and in the 3rd phase generalized adenopathy emerges. In the 4th phase the full-blown disease appears as a result of cellular immunity deficit with emaciation, fever, sweating, chronic diarrhea, asthenia, blood parameter changes (lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, anemia, and specific immune disorders). The early phases can be diagnosed by serological tests. During 1989 a group of 155 patients with 1st signs of seropositivity were studied in the central hospital of Bugumbura. The available clinical diagnostic markers were: 56 cases of herpes, 26 cases of generalized adenopathy, 25 cases of inflammatory infiltration of paraganglionic zones, 13 abscesses and phlegmons, 8 cases of chronic proctitis, 8 prurigo cases, 7 cases of chronic pneumonia and bronchitis, 4 cases of paresis of the facial nerve, 4 cases of Kaposi's sarcoma, 2 cases of fresh syphilis, 2 cases of anemia, asthenia, dizziness, and weight loss. Tomo- and zonographical X-ray study of the thorax of 80 patients aged 20-65 (51 men and 29 women) was performed. In 62 patients changes in the lungs were evident. In 2 patients tuberculosis of the lungs was diagnosed: miliary TB in a 26-year woman and disseminated TB in a 31-year man. 2 chronic and 3 bronchial, and 10 interstitial pneumonia cases were diagnosed in 15 patients with average age of 30 years. 4 patients had peribronchial and pneumonic infiltrations. In a group of 45 patients magnified picture showed no deformation in the lungs; and only 5 had respiratory organ pathology. Interstitial pneumonia was the most often diagnosed ailment by X-ray inpatients infected with HIV.
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PMID:[X-ray pulmonary manifestations in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus]. 196 22

T-lymphocyte subsets in duodenal biopsies of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected patients were studied by immunocytochemical staining to determine the alterations of CD4- and CD8-cell subsets in comparison with HIV-1 antibody-negative controls and to examine the association with stage, gastrointestinal symptoms, and peripheral lymphocyte subsets and the influence of high-dose intravenous immunoglobulins. A significant decrease in duodenal CD4 cells (p less than 0.001) and CD4/CD8 ratio (p less than 0.001) follows HIV-1 infection when compared to HIV-1-negative controls, more accentuated both in patients of stage WR6 and suffering from diarrhea than in those of stages WR1-5 or without diarrhea. In addition, a significant increase in CD8 cells (p less than 0.01) could be found in HIV-1-infected patients, again with lower levels in patients of stages WR6 than WR1-5. A strong correlation was found between the intestinal and peripheral CD4/CD8 ratio (R = 0.80), but the correlation was weak if HIV-1-negative persons were excluded from analysis (R = 0.29). Treatment with high-dose intravenous immunoglobulins improved diarrhea in four of five patients; two patients gained weight. Diffuse lymphocytic infiltration of the lamina propria, villous atrophy, CD4- and CD8-cell percentage, and CD4/CD8 ratio were not influenced.
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PMID:T-lymphocyte subsets in the duodenal lamina propria of patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and influence of high-dose immunoglobulin therapy. 196 95


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