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Query: UMLS:C0019693 (HIV)
 170,526 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A case of a HIV-positive patient hospitalized with acute abdomen secondary to infection by cytomegalovirus (CMV), is presented. Infection by CMV is frequent in HIV-positive patients, with a relevant intestinal affection. However, its presentation as acute abdomen is more rare, although it has to be considered given that the demonstration of the presence of CMV and its potential pathogenic power have important therapeutic connotations. Currently, the use of diagnostic techniques based in specific monoclonal antibodies and DNA hybridization methods increases the diagnostic sensitivity of the traditional methods based on histological demonstration of the cytopathic effect and/or viral cultives.
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PMID:[Acute abdomen secondary to cytomegalovirus infection]. 131 10

Emergency open laparotomy in patients infected with HIV is accompanied by high mortality. The authors investigated the potential role of a laparoscopic approach for the management of acute abdomen in such patients. Prospectively, 10 patients with HIV disease (9 with AIDS) underwent laparoscopy for acute abdomen. The treatment was exclusively laparoscopic in 6 patients. A conversion to laparotomy was necessary in 4 patients but through guided elective incision in 3 of them. The postoperative course was uneventful in all patients but 1, who died. We advocate a laparoscopic approach, when feasible, as an initial step in the management of acute abdomen in HIV-positive patients.
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PMID:Role of laparoscopic surgery in the management of acute abdomen in the HIV-positive patients. 761 39

This article reports a case of cytomegalovirus (CMV) ileitis with perforation in a woman with transfusion-acquired human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The clinical problem of small bowel perforation due to CMV disease in association with HIV infection is emphasized. Typically, a patient with a history of chronic diarrhea, fever, and abdominal pain develops the superimposed picture of an acute abdomen and has pneumoperitonium on radiograph. The prognosis is poor.
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PMID:Ileal perforation due to cytomegalovirus infection. 816 91

A case of abdominal mycobacterial infection mimicking acute appendicitis in a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patient is reported. The case illustrates the unusual aetiology of an acute abdomen in this population and the report reviews the aetiology of surgical abdominal pain in HIV infection and discusses the management of abdominal mycobacterial infections.
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PMID:Abdominal mycobacterial infection mimicking acute appendicitis in an AIDS patient. 831 83

The increasing incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) has led many to predict a corresponding increase in abdominal TB. This study reports the incidence, presentation, and outcome of abdominal TB to elucidate factors that might assist the surgeon to treat this potentially curable disease. A retrospective review of patients diagnosed with tuberculosis between 1993 and 1995 was performed at two hospitals. Diagnosis of abdominal TB was based on acid fast bacilli on tissue stains and/or culture. Seven patients were diagnosed with abdominal TB. Two patients were HIV positive; six were recent immigrants. Abdominal pain, fever, and significant weight loss were the most common symptoms. All preoperative radiologic tests failed to demonstrate findings suggestive of TB. All patients were brought to operation. Indications included perforated viscus (2), acute abdomen (1), small bowel obstruction (1), colocutaneous fistula (1), pelvic neoplasm (1), and biliary colic (1). Abdominal TB was either diagnosed or suspected intraoperatively in six patients. Postoperative anti-TB chemotherapy was promptly instituted. Although abdominal TB can be cured medically if treated early enough, the nonspecific presentation delays diagnosis in the majority of cases. Diagnosis of abdominal TB can be made or at least highly suspected intraoperatively such that anti-TB medications can be initiated promptly. Appropriate surgical therapy and prompt initiation of anti-tuberculosis medications can successfully treat abdominal TB.
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PMID:Abdominal tuberculosis: the surgical perspective. 881 73

A report is presented of a 48-year-old gay man, HIV-positive for 7 years, who came to the emergency room due to six hours of abdominal pain accompanied by anorexia, nausea, and dry heaves. Initial examination and laboratory tests showed nonspecific bowel gas, and the patient was discharged with instructions to use an enema at home for constipation. After worsening of symptoms, a private physician diagnosed acute abdomen with surgical consultation. A jejunal perforation secondary to B-cell Hodgkin's lymphoma was diagnosed and the patient was treated with low-dose CHOP (cytoxan, adriamycin, vincristine, and prednisone) for four cycles and had his antiretroviral regimen changed.
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PMID:Acute abdomen in an HIV-positive man. 1136 99

The entity of delayed splenic rupture represents an initially missed injury, a delayed presentation of the latter, or an actually delayed development of an initially latent, minor, splenic injury. Having encountered a number of patients presenting with splenic rupture days after what was considered a minor abdominal trauma we review our experience with this entity. This is a retrospective study. During the past 6 years 26 patients were treated at our level II trauma center for blunt splenic injuries. The 8 patients who presented 48 h or more after injury are the focus of this communication. All patients had an underlying medical condition: five were drug addicts (one was HIV positive) and the other three were affected by cirrhosis, sickle cell disease, and HIV. The mechanisms of injury were as follows: blunt assault in 5 patients, a fall in 2 patients, and unknown in 1 patient. The patients presented to our hospital after a mean lag time of 5 days after injury (range, 2-10 days). One patient presented in shock and underwent laparotomy after a positive diagnostic peritoneal lavage. Four presented with a clinical acute abdomen, and three presented with abdominal pain and anemia. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) was performed in the seven hemodynamically stable patients demonstrating hemoperitoneum in all: five had a grade III injury and two had a grade II injury. All patients survived after an emergency splenectomy. Delayed presentation of splenic injury after minor abdominal trauma is not uncommon in our indigenous population. It may be associated with drug abuse and HIV.
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PMID:Delayed presentation of splenic injury: still a common syndrome. 1222 14

The authors report a rare case of acute onset of ileal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with acute abdomen due to bowel perforation. The patient, a man aged 36 years, had been HIV-positive for more than 15 years. The patient had been on continuous, differentiated pharmacological treatment for the previous 5 years, and in the last month had had repeated episodes of fever with no clear aetiopathogenesis. Physical examination yielded negative findings and abdominal and chest CT failed to reveal any obvious lesions. The patient was admitted as an emergency case with a picture of acute abdomen and was immediately operated on; ileal perforation due to multiple lymphomatous lesions in the small bowel was diagnosed. The histological diagnosis was large-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma type B. After the operation, the patient was treated by chemotherapy and, currently, after a 12-month follow-up, is in good general condition.
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PMID:Acute onset of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with bowel perforation in a patient with over 15 years' HIV positivity. A case report. 1261 42

Although infrequent, digestive fistulae in HIV/AIDS patients have been reported throughout the digestive tract from the esophagus to the anus, with predominance of esophageal fistulae. AIDS/HIV-associated opportunistic infections may invade the digestive system and lead to fistula formation. Tuberculosis is the most common infection associated with these esophageal fistulae. We report here one case of bile duct-duodenal fistula in a female AIDS patient with associated abdominal Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection compromising lymph nodes of the hepatic pedicle where the fistula was found. According to the reviewed literature, this is the third case of bile duct-duodenal fistula associated with abdominal tuberculosis in AIDS patient, and the first where both the fistula and the tuberculosis infection were diagnosed at laparotomy for acute abdomen. Whether the AIDS patient with abdominal pain needs or not a laparotomy to treat an infectious disease is often a difficult matter for the surgeon to decide, as most of the times appropriate medical treatment will bring more benefit.
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PMID:Bile duct-duodenal fistula caused by AIDS/HIV-associated tuberculosis. 1453 76

Strongyloides stercoralis (SS) is an intestinal nematode that is mainly endemic in tropical and subtropical regions and sporadic in temperate zones. SS infection frequently occurs in people who have hematologic malignancies, HIV infection and in individuals undergoing immunosuppressive therapy. In this study, we report a 12- year-old immunocompetent boy who was admitted to our hospital with acute abdomen. Laboratory evaluation showed strongyloidiasis, amebiasis and giardiasis. Clinical and laboratory findings immediately improved with albendazole therapy. Therefore, when diarrhea with signs of acute abdomen is observed, stool examinations should be done for enteroparasitosis. This approach will prevent misdiagnosis as acute abdomen. Complete clinical improvement is possible by medical therapy without surgical intervention.
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PMID:Strongyloidiasis associated with amebiasis and giardiaisis in an immunocompetent boy presented with acute abdomen. 1469 65


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