Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0019693 (HIV)
 170,526 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A group of 122 drug addict patients were studied to evaluate the incidence of HIV, HBV, HCV infections and of laboratory findings of hepatic damage. Our data show that hepatic damage is more frequent in patients affected by HBV-HCV coinfection than those with HBV or HCV infection alone and that HIV positivity supports HBV-HCV coinfection.
 ...
PMID:HBV and HCV infection in i.v. drug addicts; coinfection with HIV. 145 Jul 14

Serum samples from 487 ambulatory I.V. drug users were screened for HIV and HCV antibodies to determine the prevalence of coinfection in this high risk group for AIDS. For anti-HCV antibody screening we first used a 3rd generation EIA using, as antigen synthetic peptides which were not subjected to false positive results due to antibodies against superoxide dismutase or against yeast proteins (which may copurify with the recombinant proteins employed in the first and second generation test). The specimens that were positive in the screening test were confirmed by a more specific EIA system that detect antibodies to proteins encoded by structural (HCV-st EIA) and non structural (HCV-nst-EIA) regions of the HCV genome. A second confirmation assay was also performed: sera were run in presence or absence of blocking reagents which inhibits antibodies to C200 and C22 HCV epitopes for binding to the solid phase. The sensitivity of the HCV EIA screening for human HCV antibody detection revealed a 100% positivity for HCV infection. The confirmatory strategy presented in this paper revealed an HCV EIA specificity of 98.6%. In this work we demonstrated a significantly higher prevalence (p < 0.001) of HCV exposure in HIV infected individuals compared to the general population. Our experimental data also confirmed that HBV infection in drug-users at high risk for HIV infection was significantly associated with HCV infection (p < 0.001). In contrast, the acquisition of HIV by sexual contact was not a statistically significant risk factor for HCV coinfection.
 ...
PMID:Specificity and sensitivity of 3rd generation EIA for detection of HCV antibodies among intravenous drug-users. 768 83

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) share the same routes of transmission, which explains the high rate of HCV and HIV coinfection (approximately 9%). HIV/HCV coinfection leads to high rates of indeterminate recombinant immunoblot assay patterns and seroreversion; high levels of viral replication; and a more severe histopathologic course. By contrast, HCV infection does not seem to accelerate the progression of HIV infection. Interferon alpha (IFN-alpha) in coinfected patients leads to a similar rate of primary responses, but sustained responses are less frequent. The potential severity of hepatitis C virus infection evidences the need for early diagnosis. Liver biopsy should be performed for all HCV RNA-positive patients in order to evaluate the activity of the liver disease. Given the poor efficiency of IFN-alpha in terms of sustained response in HIV-infected patients, reinforced therapeutic procedures (long-term administration of IFN-alpha or combined ribavirin/IFN-alpha) should be proposed, at least for those patients with severe liver disease.
 ...
PMID:Reciprocal interactions between human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus infections. 892 12

To investigate the influence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection on preexisting long-term chronic C hepatitis (HCV) 68 liver biopsies from 22 HIV/HCV-coinfected, 13 HIV- and 33 HCV-monoinfected patients and 71 livers obtained at autopsy from 26 HIV/HCV-coinfected and 45 HIV-monoinfected patients were studied by histo- and immunohistochemistry. All HIV patients had reached the advanced stage of immunodeficiency (stage III CDC), except for 3 haemophilias (stage II CDC). HCV infection was associated with a higher degree of portal, periportal and lobular inflammation-regardless of whether there was concurrent HIV infection. HIV/HCV coinfection was associated with a significantly higher rate of granulocytic cholangiolitis than HCV and HIV monoinfection (P < 0.05), a histological feature uncommon in C hepatitis. In HIV/HCV coinfection cholestasis was a predominant histological feature. HCV monoinfection and HCV/HIV coinfection were associated with the highest fibrosis index. In HIV/HCV coinfection centrilobular fibrosis was significantly more marked than in HCV monoinfection (P < 0.05), suggesting an HIV-associated fibrogenic effect. Patients with chronic C hepatitis showed a significantly increased rate of posthepatitic cirrhosis compared with the patients without HCV infection (P < 0.05). At autopsy, 10 of the 20 HIV/HCV-coinfected haemophiliacs had developed cirrhosis because of chronic C hepatitis, whereas cirrhosis was found in only 2 of 6 HIV/HCV-coinfected non-haemophiliacs (1 case of chronic B and C hepatitis, and 1 case of chronic alcohol abuse). No cirrhosis was observed in the 45 autopsy patients with HIV monoinfection. The findings suggest that HIV coinfection aggravates the course of preceding long-term chronic C hepatitis by a more marked (centrilobular) fibrosis. HIV/HCV-coinfected patients are threatened by a higher rate of posthepatitic cirrhosis-particularly in multitransfused haemophiliacs-and cholestatic hepatopathy.
 ...
PMID:Liver histopathology in patients with concurrent chronic hepatitis C and HIV infection. 913 37

The prevalence and the clinical course of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections were studied in 23 HIV-1-infected children, who were born to 22 mothers with HIV-1/HCV coinfection. During the follow-up only two children (8.7%) showed persistent anti-HCV antibodies and circulating HCV RNA. Both children, who were aged 10 and 10.6 years respectively at the end of follow-up, had chronically-evolving liver disease and autoimmune thrombocytopenia but no signs of progressive HIV disease. Based on our experience, vertically-acquired HIV-1/HCV coinfection is less frequent than is generally reported and may be associated with the development of chronic thrombocytopenia in addition to liver disease. Moreover, perinatal HIV-1/HCV coinfection appears to be associated with a slow progression of HIV disease.
 ...
PMID:Mother to infant transmission of coinfection by human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus: prevalence and clinical manifestations. 934 91

Soluble CD30 (sCD30) levels within 3 years of HIV seroconversion were studied in 85 hemophilic men infected with HIV. All men were coinfected with hepatitis C virus (HCV). Levels of sCD30 were elevated in these men when compared with controls. These elevated levels did not appear to be a result of treatment with intermediate-purity clotting factor concentrates and were unlikely to be due to HCV coinfection inasmuch as hemophilic patients infected with HCV alone showed only mildly elevated sCD30 levels when compared with those of hemophilic controls uninfected with HCV. Initial sCD30 levels were not significantly associated with progression to any endpoint, although a tendency was present for those with the highest initial levels to progress less rapidly than those with lower values. Despite elevated sCD30 levels in these men, we have not been able to confirm that high sCD30 levels are associated with more rapid HIV progression.
 ...
PMID:Relation between soluble CD30 levels measured soon after HIV seroconversion and disease progression in men with hemophilia. 940 75

A cross-sectional study was conducted in prisons of Cantabria (northern Spain) from June 1992 to December 1994. Inmates were asked to participate in a survey on prevalence and risk factors for monoinfections and coinfections with HIV, HBV and HCV. Crude and multiple odds ratios of risk factors were calculated (by polychotomous logistic regression). Prevalence of coinfections was higher than that of monoinfections. IDU risk factors were the main independent variables associated with monoinfections and coinfections with these agents. The strength of association increased with the degree of coinfection for IDU risk factors and penal status, e.g. duration of injecting drug use for more than 5 years yielded an adjusted OR ranging from 1.3 (95% CI: 0.4-5.1) for HBV monoinfection to 180 (95% CI: 61.0-540.0) for HIV-HBV-HCV coinfection. In comparison, sexual behaviours were less important than IDU risk factors.
 ...
PMID:Risk factors for monoinfections and coinfections with HIV, hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses in northern Spanish prisoners. 1048 45

To evaluate the impact of new antiretroviral combinations (HAART: Highly Active Anti Retroviral Therapy) on HCV replication and liver enzyme levels, we analysed the changes in HCV viremia and aminotransferase levels in HIV and HCV co-infected patients. Moreover, to evaluate the influence of HCV infection on the efficacy of HAART, we compared the virological, immunological and biochemical response to antiretroviral combinations in anti-HIV positive subjects with or without HCV infection. We enrolled eight consecutive outpatients with HIV-HCV coinfection and with indications for HAART (Group A). For each patient in group A, we selected an anti-HIV negative patient with indications for HAART, pair-matched for age, sex, risk factor for HIV infection, presumed duration of infection, number of CD4 cells, HIV viremia and treatment schedule (Group B). A statistically significant increase in CD4 in both groups was found at 1st, 3rd and 6th month of antiretroviral therapy. A decrease in HIV-RNA in both groups was observed at 1st and 6th month of treatment. The percentage of patients with undetectable HIV-RNA at the 1st month was higher in Group B than in Group A (8/8 vs. 3/8, p = 0.025). Basal HCV-RNA viremia was very high in each case and no variations during treatment were observed. During therapy the aminotransferase levels slightly decreased in Group A and consistently increased in Group B. In Group A the differences were not significant to the statistical analysis; in Group B the aminotransferase levels at 3rd and 6th month were significantly higher than those observed at the baseline.
 ...
PMID:Can HCV affect the efficacy of anti-HIV treatment? 1088 80

The use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has extended the healthy lifespan of patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); deaths among people with AIDS declined for the first time in 1996, after the institution of this therapeutic approach. As the life expectancy of HIV-infected patients increases, greater attention will need to be focused on the recognition and management of potentially severe concurrent illnesses that may increase their mid- to long-range morbidity and mortality. The incidence of infection by hepatitis C virus (HCV) is increased among patients with HIV disease, reflecting shared epidemiological risks. HCV not only may have an impact on the health status of HIV-infected patients but also may decrease their quality of life and increase their health care costs. Although clinicians have been reluctant to treat viral hepatitis C in the HIV-infected population, this therapeutic nihilism is unwarranted. The majority of studies have concluded that treatment of hepatitis C in HIV-infected patients results in an initial efficacy and long-term response similar to those in the HIV-seronegative population. Furthermore, treatment of HCV infection in HCV/HIV-coinfected patients may improve tolerance for antiretroviral medications. Physicians caring for patients with HIV infection require up-to-date information to make rational decisions regarding HCV coinfection to ensure that morbidity and mortality are minimized and that quality of life and medical care costs are optimized.
 ...
PMID:Hepatitis C virus/human immunodeficiency virus coinfection: clinical management issues. 1091 14

Although isolated antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) is frequently nonspecific or may be the only serological marker of past self-limiting hepatitis B, where antibodies against the surface antigen have disappeared, isolated anti-HBc seropositivity is frequently associated with chronic hepatitis B in HIV- and HCV-infected individuals. Of 5,520 samples that tested positive for anti-HBc (IMx and AxSYM CORE, Abbott, Delkenheim, Germany) at the Institute of Virology, University Clinic Frankfurt during the time interval from January 1994 to February 1996, 643 (11.6%) were isolated anti-HBc-reactive in the IMx and AxSYM CORE assays (inhibition values >90%). There was a statistically significant association between isolated anti-HBc seropositivity and HCV and HIV/HCV coinfection (p < 0.05). A total of 190 samples were available for further testing. Six (3.2%) of 190 isolated anti-HBc-positive samples were considered false-positive since they were only positive in the AxSYM or IMx CORE assay and a linear decrease of the measured signal could not be observed in dilution series. Of 184 serum samples tested with nested PCR using primers of the S genome region, only 6 (3.3%) were HBV DNA-positive. Anti-HBc-IgM antibody could be detected in 3 (1.6 %) of the tested samples using the IMx CORE-M. With the more sensitive VIDAS HBc IgM specific IgM antibody was detected in 15 (8.5%) of 177 samples at concentrations ranging from 10 to >200 Paul Ehrlich Institute U/ml. HIV or HCV coinfection was present in 28.1% and 37.5% of isolated anti-HBc-positive individuals, respectively. We conclude from our observations that only a limited proportion of anti-HBc-isolated individuals are potentially infectious, however anti-HBc-IgM which is detectable in any form of liver disease associated with HBV infection was present in more than 8% of the individuals. Of isolated anti-HBc-positive sera 37% were positive for anti-HCV, suggesting that anti-HCV antibody testing should be performed in isolated anti-HBc-positive individuals.
 ...
PMID:High frequency of HCV infection in individuals with isolated antibody to hepatitis B core antigen. 1097 Nov 23


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>