Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019693 (HIV)
 170,526 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A Federal judge dismissed most portions of a lawsuit filed by a prison inmate who was misdiagnosed with AIDS, but will send to trial his claim that his segregation to a special prison AIDS unit violated Section 504 of the Federal Rehabilitation Act. The Rehabilitation Act prohibits federally-funded state programs from discriminating against an individual on the basis of disability. A lab report on a biopsy of the inmate's skin lesions concluded that the lesions were consistent with early Kaposi's Sarcoma (KS), common among persons with AIDS. [Name removed], an inmate of the Green Haven Correctional Facility in Stormville, NY, was sent to the AIDS unit without being tested for HIV. He filed a grievance, and was tested five months after entering the unit. He tested negative for HIV and KS. The judge rejected [name removed] claims that he was denied procedural due process, but found that he qualified as a handicapped individual, entitled to Federal protection against discrimination.
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PMID:Misdiagnosed inmate to get trial under Rehabilitation Act claim. 1136 12

HIV-positive patients are prone to many illnesses due to their weakened immune systems. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) and tuberculosis (TB) both cause respiratory difficulties, as well as fatigue, scratchy throat and weight loss. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) causes changes in vision. Cryptococcal meningitis and toxoplasmosis share symptoms of acute headaches, confusion and memory loss. Kaposi's Sarcoma (KS) causes red and purple skin legions to appear. Candidiasis symptoms reveal themselves in oral, esophagal and vaginal forms. Other AIDS-related diseases and symptoms are discussed.
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PMID:[Self-detection of symptoms]. 1136 15

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved DaunoXome, a liposomal form of the cancer chemotherapy drug daunorubicin, for the treatment of patients with advanced HIV-related Kaposi's Sarcoma (KS). Not recommended for less than advanced KS, DaunoXome's primary advantage is fewer side effects than conventional chemotherapy. Liposomal drugs tend to target both KS lesions and cancer tumors. Although it is not known why, it is suspected that the liposomes leak out of defective blood vessels which grow in the lesions or tumors. The major toxicity of DaunoXome is bone-marrow suppression. Because the conventional form of daunorubicin presents a long-term risk of cumulative heart toxicity, the DaunoXome package insert includes a warning to monitor for possible heart toxicity. Treatment may need to be continued indefinitely since chemotherapy is not a cure for KS. DaunoXome, marketed by NeXstar Pharmaceuticals of San Dimas, CA, is the second approved liposomal chemotherapy drug. DOXIL (liposomal doxorubicin) was approved first in late 1995. Priced less than DOXIL, DaunoXome is infused once every 3 weeks. NeXstar offers a patient-assistance program to help with treatment costs.
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PMID:Kaposi's sarcoma: DaunoXome approved. 1136 85

Kaposi's Sarcoma (KS) is a type of cancer thought to be caused by the human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8). KS causes cancerous lesions on or beneath the skin. The disease may overpower the immune system and, in some cases, cause death. Studies show that the transmission of HHV-8 is linked to sexual contact, either genital or oral, and that people cannot contract KS without first having HHV-8. The recent decrease in the number of KS cases has been attributed to the use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). However, the incidence of anal cancer among gay men with HIV is increasing. HAART may be prompting this trend by prolonging lives, and giving more time for the disease to develop. The progression of anal cancer is noted, along with information about available screening tests. Surgical and non-surgical treatments are listed. All men who engage in sex with men are urged to be screened for this type of cancer.
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PMID:The trouble with tumors. 1136 67

We report here a 75-year-old man from South France who developed Kaposi's Sarcoma (KS) 5 months after diagnosis of Philadelphia-chromosome positive chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). He was found positive for HHV-8 by PCR, negative for both HIV 1 and HIV 2 by serology, and had a normal CD4/CD8 ratio. Favourable evolution of both CML and KS has been obtained with vinblastine and interferon alpha treatment. The patient is currently alive in complete remission of SK and major cytogenetic remission of CML with a 48 month follow-up. Since no immune deficiency could be documented in the patient, this rare observation suggests that CML may have triggered the onset of SK through cytokine release.
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PMID:Simultaneous occurrence of kaposi's sarcoma and chronic myelogenous leukemia. 1137 57

We present a case of the aggressive variant of African endemic Kaposi's Sarcoma (AKS) which presented as a large fungating and ulcerated plantar mass. Our patient responded extremely well to chemotherapy with no recurrence for 9 months after treatment completion. AKS is one of the most common cutaneous neoplasms in black Africans and although rare in Europe, it may be seen more frequently in the future because of the ease of international travel. The existing classification of KS into five different types (classic, African-endemic, iatrogenically immunocompromised patients, epidemic HIV-related and Mediterranean-endemic) cannot address fully the many anomalies described in the disease. The detection of a new herpes simplex-like viral DNA sequence (HHV-8) in different types of KS helps to explain some of the enigma described in this disease.
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PMID:Endemic (African) Kaposi's sarcoma presenting as a plantar tumour. 1142 71

Tat protein of the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) plays a critical role in the regulation of viral transcription and replication. In addition, Tat regulates the expression of a variety of cellular genes and could account for AIDS-associated diseases including Kaposi's Sarcoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma by interfering with cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. The molecular mechanisms underlying the pleiotropic activities of Tat may include the generation of functional heterodimers of Tat with cellular proteins. By screening a human B-lymphoblastoid cDNA library in the yeast two-hybrid system, we identified E2F-4, a member of E2F family of transcription factors, as a Tat-binding protein. The interaction between Tat and E2F-4 was confirmed by GST pull-down experiments performed with cellular extracts as well as with in vitro translated E2F-4. The physical association of Tat and E2F-4 was confirmed by in vivo binding experiments where Tat.E2F-4 heterodimers were recovered from Jurkat cells by immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting. By using plasmids expressing mutant forms of Tat and E2F-4, the domains involved in Tat.E2F-4 interaction were identified as the regions encompassing amino acids 1-49 of Tat and amino acids 1-184 of E2F-4. Tat x E2F-4 complexes were shown to bind to E2F cis-regions with increased efficiency compared with E2F-4 alone and to mediate the activity of E2F-dependent promoters including HIV-1 long terminal repeat and cyclin A. The data point to Tat as an adaptor protein that recruits cellular factors such as E2F-4 to exert its multiple biological activities.
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PMID:Physical and functional interaction of HIV-1 Tat with E2F-4, a transcriptional regulator of mammalian cell cycle. 1205 84

Kaposi's Sarcoma (KS) is a highly angiogenic neoplasm associated with infection by the human gamma-herpesvirus, HHV-8 or Kaposi's sarcoma herpes virus (KSHV). When in 1872 the Hungarian scientist Moritz Kaposi described the sarcoma, which was later named after him, he was dealing with a rare dermatologic disease. Today, KS is a more common pathology due to its high incidence in AIDS, in immuno-suppressed transplantation patients and, in its endemic form, in Africa. The introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has led to a drastic reduction of KS incidence in HIV-infected patients, but in some cases KS resists the treatment. KS is more common in men than in women. The observation of spontaneous remissions during pregnancy stimulated investigations into the potential anti-KS activity of the pregnancy hormone human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). The variable effect in clinical trials using urinary preparations of the hormone (u-hCG) has led to the hypothesis that contaminating moieties present in these preparations may account for the anti-KS effect observed in vitro. While the discrepancy between laboratory tests and clinical trials remains a mystery, little is known about potential anti-KS mechanisms of the hormone itself and/or other active moieties present in u-hCG.
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PMID:Kaposi's sarcoma and human chorionic gonadotropin: mechanisms, moieties and mysteries. 1243 23

We report a 39-year-old HIV negative man with a solitary reddish-brown papule located on the glans penis, which had developed 6 months previously. Histopathologic examination showed spindle-shaped cells scattered between collagen bundles and intermingled with small, pointed vascular-like spaces. Spindle-shaped cells stained positively for antiFactor VIII and anti-CD34 antibodies. Human herpes virus-8 DNA was detected in tumor tissue and in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Based on clinicopathologic and molecular findings, the diagnosis of classic Kaposi's sarcoma was made. Two months after the initial observation, three additional papules developed on the glans penis. Histopathologic examination of one lesion confirmed the diagnosis of classic Kaposi's sarcoma. The remaining lesions were treated with electrodessication and curettage. After a follow-up period of 6 months no evidence of recurrence was observed. We report this case for the unusual localization of Kaposi's Sarcoma in a young, HIV-negative patient.
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PMID:Kaposi's sarcoma of the glans penis in an immunocompetent patient. 1472 80

The vast majority of children with HIV infection present oral manifestations among the first signs of illness. These lesions are not produced directly by the virus, but are manifestations associated with HIV infection, and are not pathognomic of the infection itself. Some of these oral lesions have a prognostic value with regard to progression of the infection and the appearance of AIDS; independently of other, more commonly used markers. The essential risk factors that influence the development of such oral manifestations are the low number of CD4+ lymphocytes, xerostomia, and the lack of anti-retroviral therapy. Opportunist infections, such as mycoses -- including pseudomembranous oral candidiasis, are found with higher frequency; followed by the herpetic viral infections. The oral lesions that appear in infected children differ in prevalence from those found in seropositive adults, some, such as parotid hypertrophy, present more exclusively in children, others, such as periodontal bacterial infections and Kaposi's Sarcoma, are lesions that predominate in the adult HIV-infected population. Given the current impact of the pandemic caused by HIV, it is the responsibility of dental professionals to prevent, detect, treat and control the oral lesions in those patients infected with HIV. All of which will be reflected in a reduction in transmission, lower mortality and greater long-term survival for infected children.
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PMID:Oral manifestations of HIV infection in infants: a review article. 1558 Jan 18


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