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Query: UMLS:C0019693 (HIV)
 170,526 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) is expressed in secreted and cell surface (csTNF-alpha) forms by activated monocytic and T cells. In this report, we demonstrate that csTNF-alpha may predominantly regulate the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) long terminal repeat (LTR) activation in the promonocytic cell line U937 and in the Epstein-Barr virus-transformed B-cell line BH1. Anti-TNF-alpha antibody suppressed both the constitutive expression of the HIV-1 LTR in BH1 cells and the expression induced by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate in U937 cells. This suppression was found to be mediated via csTNF-alpha. No correlation between the HIV-1 LTR activation and the secretion of TNF-alpha was evident in these cell lines. Suppression of TNF-alpha secretion by cyclosporin A or by a serine protease inhibitor did not suppress the HIV-1 LTR activation. These observations suggest a novel biological role for csTNF-alpha in the immunopathogenesis of AIDS.
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PMID:Transactivation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 long terminal repeats by cell surface tumor necrosis factor alpha. 194 42

Hairy leukoplakia is a specific oral lesion associated with the opportunistic development of Epstein-Barr virus in the oral epithelium. It is now considered to be an early sign of HIV-induced immunosuppression. Four cases of oral hairy leukoplakia (OHL) from the lateral borders of the tongue of male AIDS patients were investigated by transmission electron microscopy. At the ultrastructural level, herpes-like viral particles were detected in the oral lesions of all cases. Indirect immunofluorescence performed on two cases showed the presence of EBV antigens in the nuclei and the cytoplasm of the infected epithelial cells. None of the specimens contained ultrastructural evidence of human papillomaviruses.
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PMID:Oral hairy leukoplakia in AIDS patients: an ultrastructural study. 196 48

The therapy of choice for oral hairy leucoplakia in HIV-infected patients is treatment with acyclovir. During treatment the replication of Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) in cells scraped from the epithelium of hairy leucoplakia was investigated using filter-in-situ hybridization. On the 2nd day of treatment a slight and on the 5th day a marked reduction of the replication was observed, and on the 8th day of treatment replication of EBV could hardly be detected. At that time a marked regression of leucoplakia was seen. Within another 7 days the lesions had completely disappeared. These findings demonstrate the relationship between treatment with acyclovir and inhibition of EBV replication in hairy leucoplakia and the relationship between inhibition of EBV replication and remission of hairy leucoplakia.
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PMID:[EBV replication and therapy of oral hairy leukoplakia using acyclovir]. 196 85

Epstein-Barr virus is an important aetiological factor in certain HIV-related syndromes, with its opportunist expression related to the level of host immunodeficiency. In asymptomatic people co-infected with HIV, EBV activity is reflected by increased viral shedding and rises in anti-EBV titres; as immunodeficiency ensues EBV manifests as epithelial hyperproliferation in OHL, and later as B-cell lymphoma in AIDS. The suggested role of EBV as a co-factor in the progression of HIV infection and development of AIDS has not been established, although another herpesvirus, cytomegalovirus, might play such a role. Advances in our understanding of HIV regulation and its interaction with other latent (herpes) viruses should provide important molecular and pharmacological approaches to the clinical management of advanced HIV disease.
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PMID:Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and Epstein-Barr virus. 196 85

Oral hairy leukoplakia (OHL) is a new lesion that appears specifically on the lateral borders of the tongue. It has basically been detected in immunosuppressed male homosexuals and it is associated with the later development of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or HIV infection. Epstein-Barr virus has been suggested to be the possible etiological agent. A review of the existing literature pointing out definition, clinical, histopathologic and ultrastructural features, prognostic and treatment is made. Moreover the characteristics of the individuals suffering from it are equally studied. The role of the dentist at detecting the lesion, as well as the importance of its definitive diagnostic are emphasized, in virtue of the effects that may have a bearing on patients.
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PMID:[Oral hairy leukoplakia. Early sign of AIDS]. 196 97

Fourteen examples of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and four of Hodgkin's disease in patients with AIDS as well as lymph nodes exhibiting changes related to the lymphadenopathy syndrome (LAS) from 11 HIV-positive individuals were studied for the presence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) genome both by in situ DNA hybridization and blotting techniques. Both methods were performed using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded material. All the NHLs were of high malignancy and all but one were of the B-cell type. Of the four examples of Hodgkin's disease, two were lymphocytic predominant, one of mixed cellularity and one of the nodular sclerosing variety. The lymph nodes of patients with LAS were mostly stage I with marked follicular hyperplasia. In 7 of the 14 NHLs the presence of EBV-DNA was clearly demonstrated by dot-blotting and by in situ hybridization. All lymph nodes from the patients with LAS and AIDS-related Hodgkin's disease were negative for EBV by dot-blot and in situ hybridization assays. We conclude that EBV plays a role in the development of AIDS-related lymphomas, but the fact that half these lymphomas are EBV-negative suggests that other mechanisms such as polyclonal stimulation of B-cells by HIV products may also be important.
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PMID:Identification of EBV-DNA in lymph nodes from patients with lymphadenopathy and lymphomas associated with AIDS. 197 Jun 81

A possible role for autoimmunity in the pathogenesis of HIV infection has been suggested, based upon the certain degree of homology shared by HIV gp41 and MHC class II molecules. A number of humoral markers of autoimmunity have since been found in seropositive subjects. We have evaluated the cellular autoreactive response in HIV-infected individuals. Our study demonstrates the existence of a cytolytic activity, present in seropositive but not in seronegative subjects. This activity is mediated by CD3+ T cells, which only occasionally express the CD8 or the CD4 surface markers. Effector cells do not appear to exert their activity in a MHC-restricted fashion, since allogeneic target cells could also be killed, recovered from allogeneic seropositive as well as from seronegative subjects. Several types of target cells were lysed: T cell blasts and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) transformed B cells, suggesting that the target antigen is common to at least these two cell types. The fact that cells from seronegative individuals were lysed argues against the recognition of an HIV-specific antigen. The nature of the target determinants and the identity of the effector cells are discussed.
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PMID:Autoreactive cytotoxicity in HIV-infected individuals. 197 78

CD4 antigen levels in sera from asymptomatic intravenous drug users and homosexuals and patients with lymphadenopathy, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related complex, or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome were quantitated. Like soluble CD8, CD4 antigen levels were elevated in human immunodeficiency virus-seronegative asymptomatic intravenous drug users and homosexuals, probably reflecting infections such as cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, and hepatitis B virus infections. The sera from human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive groups of patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection also had elevated levels of CD4 antigen, presumably reflecting infections like cytomegalovirus and human immunodeficiency virus infections.
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PMID:Elevated levels of CD4 antigen in sera of human immunodeficiency virus-infected populations. 197 94

The pathogenesis of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) in HIV-infected individuals is currently poorly understood; however, recent molecular studies have subdivided these lymphomas into distinct molecular pathologic entities. Similar to endemic and sporadic Burkitt's lymphoma, monoclonal B-lymphoma subsets were found to be infected with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) or have c-myc gene rearrangements, suggesting a role for EBV infection or chromosomal translocation in a subset of AIDS NHLs. Similar to lymphomas that occur in immunosuppressed transplant patients, EBV-positive polyclonal lymphomas also have been described. Unique to HIV-infected patients, however, is the subset of polyclonal B-cell lymphoma with no evidence for EBV infection. Based on these molecular studies, it is apparent that the AIDS NHLs represent a heterogeneous set of diseases with a number of pathogenic processes involved in lymphomagenesis.
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PMID:Molecular pathogenesis of AIDS-associated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. 202 96

Eleven haemophiliac boys infected with HIV were screened for irregular red cell antibodies and were compared with nine haemophiliac boys who did not have antibodies to HIV. Seven (64%) of the children who had antibodies to HIV also had cold agglutinins, mostly of anti-I specificity, compared with one (11%) of those who did not have antibodies to HIV. The children with antibodies to HIV and cold agglutinins had a significantly increased mean IgM concentration. The presence of cold agglutinins was not correlated with T4 lymphocyte count, symptoms of HIV infection, serum beta 2 microglobulin concentrations, concentrations of IgG or IgA, or with the evidence of past infection with cytomegalovirus or Epstein-Barr virus.
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PMID:Cold agglutinins in haemophiliac boys infected with HIV. 205 1


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