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Query: UMLS:C0019693 (HIV)
 170,526 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This study describes a contingency management intervention applied in group treatment. In an HIV drop-in center, groups were held on Tuesdays and Thursdays for 35 weeks. An ABB'CA design was used, in which reinforcers were available in non-A phases. In the initial B phase, reinforcers were available only on Tuesdays, and they switched to Thursdays in the B' and C phases. The reinforcer was a drawing that was associated with the possibility of winning a prize. Reinforcers were provided for attending group and completing steps related to treatment goals. The number of drawings escalated with weeks of consecutive attendance and activity completion in the B phases; in the C phase, a fixed number of draws were provided. Overall, the procedure increased attendance, with an average of 0.7 clients (range 0-4) per session in the initial baseline phase to an average of seven clients (range 2-12) during reinforcement phases. The percentage of activities completed also rose from 25% during baseline to 65% during reinforcement phases. These data suggest the feasibility of a group-based contingency management intervention.
J Subst Abuse Treat 2001 Sep
PMID:Contingency management in group treatment: a demonstration project in an HIV drop-in center. 1155 37

The relationship between alcohol use and HIV transmission is well recognized but not fully understood. In particular, the role of alcohol abuse as a mediator of HIV risk behavior among drug users is not well documented. We hypothesized that alcohol use in drug users will result in greater HIV risk-taking behavior. Participants were 354 drug users, of whom 105 were recent injection drug users. Multiple regression models were used to characterize whether measures of sexual and injection drug use HIV risk behavior were related to alcohol consumption, controlling for other potentially associated factors. We found that sexual HIV risk-taking behavior is associated with increased alcohol consumption among women (p = 0.02), with women having more risky sexual behavior than males. However, contrary to our hypothesis, there was no significant association of alcohol consumption with risky injection drug behavior. Addressing alcohol problems among drug users, particularly women, may be an important opportunity to reduce HIV sexual risk behavior among this high-risk population.
J Subst Abuse Treat 2001 Oct
PMID:Association of alcohol consumption with HIV sex- and drug-risk behaviors among drug users. 1172 86

Active injection drug users (IDUs) who are also hazardous alcohol users are at particularly high risk for HIV transmission due to sharing of injection equipment. We recruited AUDIT-positive injectors from the Providence, RI needle exchange program for a randomized clinical trial testing the effect of a brief motivational intervention (MI) on frequency of injection-related HIV risk behavior (IRRB). HIV drug risk behavior was measured as the number of days on which subjects reported sharing works using the 30-day Timeline Followback Method. Overall, 109 subjects reported a mean reduction of IRRB days of 9.1 days from baseline to 6-month follow-up (p <.001). When compared to controls, there was a trend in reduction of IRRB days to zero at follow-up for MI subject (OR = 2.1; 95% CI = 0.9-4.5), and strongly significant reductions in IRRB days across a range of alternative improvement thresholds. Results from this study demonstrate that MI reduces drug-related HIV risk behaviors among active IDUs. As a brief intervention, MI may be a useful adjunct to existing services intended to reduce harm.
J Subst Abuse Treat 2002 Jan
PMID:A brief intervention for hazardous drinkers in a needle exchange program. 1184 4

Previous research has documented an association between methamphetamine (meth) use and high-risk sex among HIV- men who have sex with men (MSM); however, little is known about the sexual risk behaviors of HIV+ meth-using MSM. The purpose of this study was to explore personal motivators of meth use among HIV+ MSM, and to elaborate upon the interaction between meth use and risky sex. Thematic analysis of qualitative data from 25 HIV+ MSM revealed meth use was associated with high rates of anal sex, low rates of condom use, multiple sex partners, sexual marathons, and anonymous sex. Personal motivations associated with meth use included: sexual enhancement; and self-medication of negative affect associated with HIV+ serostatus. A variety of treatment approaches are used to describe how client insights into motivations can be used by clinicians to promote change in drug use and sexual risk behavior.
J Subst Abuse Treat 2002 Apr
PMID:Motivations associated with methamphetamine use among HIV+ men who have sex with men. 1203 18

The Magdalena Pilot Project provided outreach to Albuquerque women sex workers who were also using illicit drugs, primarily cocaine and heroin. This initial uncontrolled trial evaluated the feasibility and potential impact of motivational interviewing (MI) on change in drug use and HIV risk behaviors. Twenty-seven women were enrolled and interviewed about their substance use, health risk behaviors, and plans for change, using the client-centered, directive method of MI. Four months later, 25 women (93%) were interviewed again to assess their drug use and health risk behaviors. Large reductions were reported in frequency (days) of drug use and sex work, with a corresponding increase in days of lawful employment. In identifying problems that most needed to be addressed in order to help them live healthier lives, the women prioritized (1) basic needs including decent housing, (2) mental health care, and (3) treatment for substance use disorders.
J Subst Abuse Treat 2002 Jul
PMID:Magdalena Pilot Project: motivational outreach to substance abusing women street sex workers. 1212 68

The purpose of this exploratory study was 3-fold: (a) to determine how 'spirituality' is defined by inner-city HIV-positive drug users; (b) to determine perceived relationships between spirituality and abstinence, harm reduction, and health promotion; and (c) to assess interest in a spirituality-based intervention. Opioid-dependent patients enrolled in an inner-city methadone maintenance program participated in the study; 21 participated in focus groups and 47 completed a questionnaire. In the focus groups, two predominant themes emerged: spirituality as a source of strength/protection of self, and spirituality as a source of altruism/protection of others. A large majority of the larger sample expressed an interest in receiving spirituality-focused treatment, reporting that such an intervention would be helpful for reducing craving and HIV risk behavior, following medical recommendations, and increasing hopefulness. African American women perceived spirituality as more helpful in their recovery than did African American men.
J Subst Abuse Treat 2002 Dec
PMID:Patient attitudes concerning the inclusion of spirituality into addiction treatment. 1249 93

There have been limited studies on the potential role of methadone treatment in HIV prevention in Asia. Over an 8-week period, we assessed the profiles of drug-taking and HIV risk behaviors, and tried to identify their relationships with methadone adherence in 690 clients who attended Hong Kong's methadone treatment program. In the preceding month, 71% of respondents reported using drugs and two-thirds of those respondents who had injected drugs at some time in their lives injected then. Infrequent clients who attended methadone clinics <2 times in the previous week were twice more likely to have injected drugs in the last month and six times more likely to have >5 injections in the last week than frequent clinic attendees. Also, clients taking <60 mg methadone daily were twice more likely to have >5 injections in the last week than those taking > or = 60 mg methadone. The findings called for further studies on harm reduction programs for HIV prevention among drug users in Asian countries.
J Subst Abuse Treat 2003 Apr
PMID:Adherence to methadone is associated with a lower level of HIV-related risk behaviors in drug users. 1281 Jan 44

Antisocial personality disorder (ASP) is common in substance abusers and may be associated with increased severity of psychosocial problems and risk of HIV infection. This study compared 174 treatment-seeking cocaine abusers with and without ASP on Addiction Severity Index (ASI) scores and the HIV risk behavior scale. Patients with ASP comprised 35% of the sample. These patients evidenced more severe problems than non-ASP patients on alcohol, legal, and psychiatric indices of the ASI. Patients with ASP also reported greater participation in lifetime sexual risk behaviors, including number of casual sexual partners, inconsistent condom use, and frequency of anal sex. This study suggests the importance of screening for ASP when patients initiate treatment. Specific and more intensive treatment may be necessary to improve outcomes in this patient population.
J Subst Abuse Treat 2003 Jun
PMID:Antisocial personality in treatment-seeking cocaine abusers: Psychosocial functioning and HIV risk. 1286 6

The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of HIV infection in sexually abused children and again alert public official to the urgent need of a national committee on combating child sexual exploitation in Cameroon. This study was conducted at the New Bell District Hospital and Laquintine Hospital in Douala from February 1, 1998 to March 31, 2000. A total of 76 sexually abused children with a mean age of 11.6 years (range, 3-15) were included. There were 64 girls (84.2%) and 12 boys (15.8%). Among the 71 victims tested, 24 (37.5%) became seropositive as a result of sexual abuse with penetration. Abuse involved rape in 84.2% of cases and molestation in 15.8%. Abuse occurred within the family in 13.1% of cases and outside the family in 86.9%. Slightly more than 50% of the children studied did not attend school and 17.1% had menial jobs. This study demonstrates that sexual abuse is a major risk for sexually transmitted diseases including HIV. These findings also underline the need to adopt a national program to protect children from sexual abuse and to implement a policy for post-exposure prophylaxis against HIV.
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PMID:[Seroprevalence of HIV infection in sexually abused children in Cameroon]. 1291 Jun 53

We examined the association between substance abuse treatment services and emergency department (ED) utilization among participants in the HIV-Alcohol Longitudinal Cohort study of HIV-infected persons with a history of alcohol problems. A standardized questionnaire was administered to 350 subjects inquiring about demographics, substance use, use of substance abuse treatment services, and ED attendance. We operationally defined substance abuse treatment services as: stable, unstable, or none. The outcome, ED attendance, defined as presenting to an ED without subsequent hospitalization, occurred in 101 (28.8%) subjects in the past 6 months. Stable substance abuse treatment was significantly associated with lower odds of ED attendance (adjusted odds ratio; 95% CI): (0.5; 0.3-0.9). The relationship between substance abuse treatment and HIV-infected individuals' use of health care services merits additional attention. Substance abuse treatment may present an opportunity to impact health care utilization patterns of HIV-infected persons with a history of alcohol problems.
J Subst Abuse Treat 2003 Jul
PMID:Substance abuse treatment and emergency department utilization among a cohort of HIV-infected persons with alcohol problems. 1451 6


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