Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0019693 (HIV)
 170,526 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Up to 70% of individuals with primary HIV infection will develop symptoms of an acute illness. The most common symptoms reported are fever, generalized lymphadenopathy, arthralgia and myalgia, headache, pharyngitis, enanthema, skin rash, diarrhoea, and mucocutaneous ulcerations. More rarely, oesophageal candidiasis, meningoencephalitis, rhabdomyolysis and epiglottitis have been reported. The diagnosis of the acute HIV infection syndrome can be established by demonstrating antibodies to HIV or by demonstration of HIV antigen positivity. Detection of virus through culture or PCR may prove to be more sensitive, but are not yet used as routine methods. The course of the primary infection has prognostic importance for the subsequent course of HIV infection. This probably reflects the importance of both the viral phenotype and of the initial immune response to HIV. Primary HIV infection should be considered in any patient with possible exposure to HIV presenting with fever of unknown cause.
 ...
PMID:[Primary HIV infection]. 868 4

Herein is a report of an adult case of primary HIV infection with cytomegalovirus coinfection causing cough, fever, and lymphocytic alveolitis. Primary HIV infection has not been previously reported as a cause of lymphocytic alveolitis.
 ...
PMID:Lymphocytic alveolitis after primary HIV infection with CMV coinfection. 937 30

Primary HIV infection is usually paucisymptomatic, although 30-40% of patients show a mononucleosic syndrome of variable intensity and different manifestations. An increasing number of heterosexual HIV infection in Spain, and the fact of more severe manifestations in this subset of patients make necessary a deeper understanding of this complex clinical picture. We report a case of heterosexual primary HIV infection in a female patient without any known risk factor. This care evolued in an exceptionally severe form with meningitis and pancreatitis, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported care of pancreatitis complicating primary HIV-1 infection.
 ...
PMID:[Acute pancreatitis complicating primary HIV-1 infection]. 965 15

This article presents basic information on the clinical features of HIV infection, most of which are related to the profound immune deficiency associated with HIV/AIDS. Primary HIV infection is associated with clinical symptoms, primarily a mononucleosis syndrome, in about 50% of cases. In the ensuing 10 years, more than 50% of HIV-infected individuals develop the opportunistic infections (OIs) indicative of the onset of AIDS. Common presentations of AIDS include pneumonia, dysphagia, diarrhea, neurologic symptoms, fever, wasting, anemia, and vision loss. Monitoring of peripheral blood CD4 T-lymphocytes provides a measure of the current risk of OIs and a guide for antiretroviral therapy. Protease inhibitors, used in combination with other antiretrovirals, allow long-term control of HIV disease, but the substantial cost of these drugs has prohibited their widespread use in developing countries. Treatment of HIV-related infections must be followed by a maintenance regimen intended to prevent relapse.
 ...
PMID:HIV infection and AIDS. 979 58

Two patients, men aged 39 and 52 years, are described with a mononucleosis-like syndrome, due to a primary HIV infection. Both patient developed dermatological manifestations. One patient presented with an encephalitis with an inversed CD4/CD8 cell ratio in the cerebrospinal fluid. Primary HIV infection is often missed as a clinical diagnosis. The possible preservation of a strong cellular immune response against HIV itself in case of early start of treatment argues for an immediate intervention with a combination of antiretroviral drugs in this syndrome.
 ...
PMID:[Primary HIV-infection: infectious mononucleosis-like presentation with treatment options]. 1052 8

Patients frequently visit ambulatory care settings with acute human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seroconversion illness, but the illness is often misdiagnosed. This acute viral syndrome, or seroconversion illness, occurs after initial exposure to the HIV virus; it is often resolved before the development of HIV-specific antibodies. Primary HIV infection refers to the 12 months following infection; it includes an acute time period after exposure when routine HIV antibody testing is negative. Primary HIV infection is recognized with the help of a detailed screening history. Diagnosis is confirmed through laboratory tests that detect virus presence. The accurate diagnosis of primary HIV infection can have a beneficial effect on the patient's clinical course and also on public health prevention efforts.
 ...
PMID:Acute seroconversion of HIV infection in the ambulatory care setting. 1133 22

Thailand experienced its first case of AIDS in 1984. Approximately 800,000 Thais were infected with HIV in 1995 and 1 million Thais became infected by the year 2000. There have been 5 major epidemic waves: among male homosexuals (started 1984-5), intravenous drug users (started 1988), female commercial sex workers (started 1989), male clients (started 1990), and housewives and the newborn (started 1991). Approximately 96 per cent of HIV-1 infected Thais carried recombinant subtype A/E, the rest carried B'. In a male seroconvertors cohort of 235 cases, median time to show CD4 <200 cells/microL was 6.8 years. Five years survival was significantly lower than that of the other subtype B seroconvertors study, i.e., 82 per cent compared to 90 per cent. Interestingly, 13.5 per cent of seronegative Thais showed homozygous SDF1-3'A polymorphism, which suggests that approximately one-tenth of Thais may become long-term non-progressors after HIV-1 infection. Primary HIV infection syndrome is rare among Thai patients (1.1%). In contrast, it was 50-90 per cent in Western cohorts. In early symptomatic patients, one-third developed pruritic pappular eruptions (PPEs). In advanced stage, disseminated tuberculosis, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP), cryptococcosis, and esophageal candidiasis are commonly found. In Northern Thailand, however, Penicillium marneffei infection or penicillosis is more common than cryptococcosis. The recent understanding of HIV pathogenesis suggests that HIV eradication is unlikely to be achievable with current strategies. Several National HIV treatment guidelines including the Thai guideline have been recommended treatment with triple antiretroviral regimen when patients become symptomatics or CD4+ <200. Current development of antiretroviral therapy which includes new agents, new formulas, and pharmacokinetic enhancements, is directed to better potency, higher genetic resistant barrier, less pill burden, and once a day dosing. These will ultimately improve the adherence and the long-term effectiveness of antiretroviral treatment. In reality, however, although the cost of triple regimen is dramatically declining, many patients still can not afford it. Primary prophylaxis and early diagnosis and treatment of opportunistic infection should be considered in patients with CD4+ <200 cells/microL. Modified short course ZDV studies and donation campaigns for preventing mother-to-child transmission, clinical trials to investigate the best use of expensive anti HIV medications in a poor resource setting have been or are being conducted. Nine phase I/II HIV-1 vaccine trial protocols have been or are being tested. A phase III trial of gp120 subtype B/E (AIDSVAX, VaxGen) was started in 1999, a total of 2,500 volunteers will be enrolled, and interim analysis is planned for August 2002. Thai investigators are also participating in pre-clinical development of recombinant BCG and DNA vaccines. Multidisciplinary and multi-level approaches, both by the government and private sectors, have had a positive impact on the HIV epidemic as shown by the declining seroprevalence of HIV infection in Thai male conscripts, and of major sexually transmitted diseases in men. Nevertheless, more effort at the grass roots level is needed to ensure further success and sustainability of the control of the HIV epidemic in Thailand.
 ...
PMID:Update on HIV/AIDS in Thailand. 1152 20

Primary HIV infection is a critical and highly dynamic time period in the course of HIV infection. The initial pathologic processes are important in determining long-term disease progression. In the absence of our ability to eradicate the virus, identifying individuals during primary HIV infection and performing interventions that optimize outcome are important to provide adequate care to a newly infected patient and, from a public health perspective, to identify sexual networks and provide a platform to reduce HIV exposures during a time of high viremia.
 ...
PMID:Primary HIV Infection. 1473 51

Primary HIV infection (PHI) includes period between HIV infection and occurrence of anti-HIV antibodies. It is characterized by a high viral load, transient decrease of CD4+ T cell count, high infectivity and, what is very important, lack of anti-HIV antibodies. During PHI acute retroviral disease may occur with a lot of non-characteristic symptoms. The patients (pts) visit general practitioners and influenza-like infections or other viral infections are recognized. The additional reason of lack of proper diagnosis and the delay in diagnosis of HIV infection is negative result of anti-HIV antibodies. That is why the HIV infection is usually diagnosed very late. Patients unconscious of their HIV infection may be a source of infection for other people. Opinions concerning management of PHI are different and are discussed in the paper. The purpose of the paper was to present the problem of primary HIV infection to the doctors of different specialties, who should think about PHI in pts with risky behaviours for HIV infection or presenting symptoms resembling acute retroviral disease.
 ...
PMID:[Contemporary opinions on the clinical symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of primary HIV infection]. 1551 74

Primary HIV infection refers to the events surrounding acquisition of HIV infection. It is associated with a nonspecific clinical syndrome that occurs 2 to 4 weeks after exposure in 40% to 90% of individuals acquiring HIV. Patients identified before seroconversion often have very high plasma HIV RNA titers that, without treatment, gradually decrease to reach a set point. Treatment of primary HIV infection with highly active antiretroviral therapy does not prevent establishment of chronic infection. However, very early therapy could potentially decrease the viral set point, prevent viral diversification, preserve immune function, improve clinical outcomes, and decrease secondary transmission. These benefits have not yet been definitely demonstrated. Transmission of viral strains with decreased susceptibility to antiviral drugs has led to recommendations for resistance testing in primary infection before initiation of therapy. Immunomodulators and vaccines are also under study as adjuvant therapy for treatment of primary HIV infection.
Curr HIV/AIDS Rep 2004 Jun
PMID:Primary HIV Infection. 1609 Dec 25


1 2 Next >>