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Query: UMLS:C0019693 (HIV)
 170,526 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The incidence of suicide in the HIV infected haemophilic population of the United Kingdom is low. Between 1985, when most patients were tested for HIV infection, and 1993 3 possibly HIV-related suicides were reported to Haemophilia Centre Directors. It is argued that haemophilia comprehensive care may contribute to reducing some of the factors associated with suicide risk, and thus be a reason for this low incidence. It is suggested that the pattern of health care delivery developed for the haemophilia community might serve as a template for those treating others with HIV infection.
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PMID:The risk of suicide in people with haemophilia who are HIV infected. 866 57

This review presents data on HIV epidemiology and suicide mortality, and summarizes studies on fear of AIDS in completed suicides in Finland. Finland has a low prevalence of HIV and a high suicide mortality. A 12-month nationwide suicide population, 1987-88 (n = 1397, all HIV negative) at the time of a sensational media campaign against HIV included 28 (2%) cases with fear of AIDS as a contributing factor. Triggers of fear could be classified in 20 cases: persistent symptoms in 10, casual sex contacts in eight, and a TV programme in two. The AIDS fear cases were younger, had more major depression and more health care contacts than the others. Suicidal fear and underlying depression were not being properly identified and treated. Despite recent improvement in media reporting, health education and identification of depression, clinical experience, help line calls and population surveys indicate that AIDS fear still persists in the population, but seems to be less often a contributing factor in committed suicides.
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PMID:Fear of AIDS and suicide in Finland: a review. 866 61

In a 10-year retrospective survey of 699 admissions to the Burns Centre of Verona, 31 patients (4.4 per cent) had self-inflicted burns. No sex difference was found, the mean age was 38 years, with 58 per cent of the patients in the 20-39-year age group. The mean burned surface area (BSA) was 41 per cent, and 12 patients (38.7 per cent) died: seven within the first 24 h. The other five patients died within 40 days (mean survival: 18 days). A large number of patients had a history of previous psychiatric treatment, six patients had previously attempted suicide. Four patients were drug addicts, three of whom were affected by AIDS and one had been HIV-positive for a long time. The patients had continuous psychiatric treatment during the long hospital stay. After discharge the patients were assigned to territorial staff for psychiatric treatment. Our experience shows that these patients have a higher mortality rate and they need constant psychiatric support, which can be useful in preventing further suicide attempts.
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PMID:Suicide attempted by burning: a 10-year study of self-immolation deaths. 874 35

The recent discovery of long term AIDS nonprogressors who harbor nef-attenuated HIV suggests that a naturally occurring live vaccine for AIDS may already exist. Animal models have shown that a live vaccine for AIDS, attenuated in nef, is the best candidate vaccine. There are considerable risks, real and perceived, with the use of live HIV vaccines. We have introduced a conditional lethal genetic element into HIV-1 and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) molecular clones deleted in nef. The antiviral strategy we employed targets both virus replication and the survival of the infected cell. The suicide gene, herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (tk), was expressed and maintained in HIV over long periods of time. Herpes simplex virus tk confers sensitivity to the antiviral activity of acyclic nucleosides such as ganciclovir (GCV). HIV-tk and SIV-tk replication were sensitive to GCV at subtoxic concentrations, and virus-infected cells were eliminated from tumor cell lines as well as primary cell cultures. We found the HIV-tk virus to be remarkably stable even after being cultured in media containing a low concentration of GCV and then challenged with the higher dose and that while GCV resistant escape mutants did arise, a significant fraction of the virus remained sensitive to GCV.
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PMID:A candidate live inactivatable attenuated vaccine for AIDS. 879 Apr 13

Based on the published literature of the past 10 years, this is a review concerning the topic of HIV-spectrum pathology and suicidality from a markedly suicidological point of view. HIV infection is considered as a possible suicide risk factor among several other ones involved. We distinguish between research on complete suicide, attempted suicide, DSH, and suicidal thoughts. We have analytically examined the overlapping of the complex area of HIV-infectious pathology and of the heterogenous area of suicide behaviour: a unifying picture may be achieved by introducing the concept of 'mosaicism'.
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PMID:HIV infection and suicidality. 879 Nov 84

Active T cell suicide (apoptosis) is supposed to be involved in the CD4+ T cell depletion in the course of HIV infection. We investigated the expression of the apoptosis-related antigen Fas on CD4+ T cells from 25 HIV-positive individuals (CDC I-III) and 8 HIV-negative controls by two-colour flowcytometry. In addition, we evaluated: total CD4 count, HIV p24 antigen concentration in serum after immune complex dissociation, and clinical course of infection in HIV-positive individuals. We found a significant increase in mean Fas expression on CD4+ T cells from HIV-positive individuals compared to HIV-negative individuals (85.84 +/- 14.92% vs. 64.28 +/- 7.59%, P < 0.001). Within the HIV-positive group the increase in Fas expression was correlated with the decline in CD4 count (r = -0.76, P < 0.001), p24 antigen concentration in serum, after immune complex dissociation (r = 0.67, P < 0.001), and CDC stage (r = 0.73, P < 0.001). The upregulation of Fas antigen on CD4 cells is associated with CD4 depletion and other virological and clinical marker of disease progression in HIV infection.
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PMID:Fas (CD95) expression on CD4+ T cells from HIV-infected patients increases with disease progression. 882 55

In this article, we review the research carried out in Spain concerning psychiatric aspects of HIV/AIDS in general, and of suicide and suicidal ideation in particular. The paper presents available information concerning this psychopathology in patients with HIV infection, along with a review of the epidemic's dimensions and friends in Spain. Available studies are based on retrospective evaluation of patients referred for psychiatric evaluations. No longitudinal studies have been carried out, nor studies on the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in unreferred samples of HIV-infected patients. This neglected area of research is also a neglected area of care within Spain's mental health system.
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PMID:Research in psychopathology in patients with HIV/AIDS and psychiatric services in Spain. 886 21

While clinician-administered symptom rating scales are the most commonly used outcome measures in pharmaceutical research, error variance due to poor inter-rater reliability increases the risk of type II errors in multi-center clinical trials. Such error variance could obscure true differences between active drug and placebo, or between two comparator compounds. Computer-administered versions of symptom rating scales originally designed to be administered by trained clinicians offer a solution to this problem. This paper reviews the empirical data on the reliability, validity and equivalence of computer-administered rating scales. Computer-administered versions of clinician-administered scales are now available for the assessment of depression, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and social phobia. Validation studies support the reliability, validity and equivalence of these scales. Patient reaction has been positive, with patients generally more honest with and often preferring the computer for assessing sensitive areas such as suicide, alcohol or drug abuse, sexual behavior, or HIV related symptoms. Applications using Interactive Voice Response (IVR) technology facilitate longitudinal monitoring of patients without requiring office visits to collect data, increase the accessibility of information to the clinician, and the quality of patient care through more informed decision making. When used in accordance with established ethical guidelines, computers offer a reliable, inexpensive, accessible, and time-efficient means of assessing psychiatric symptoms.
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PMID:Computer-administered clinical rating scales. A review. 892 63

In the past year, a number of human gene therapy trials involving the adoptive transfer of genetically modified T lymphocytes have been reported. These include trials of adenosine deaminase gene transfer in children with severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome, a gene-marking study of Epstein-Barr virus-specific cytotoxic T cells, and trials of gene-modified T cells expressing suicide or viral resistance genes in patients infected with HIV. Additional strategies for T-cell gene therapy currently being pursued in the clinic involve the engineering of novel T-cell receptors that impart antigen specificity for virally infected or malignant cells.
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PMID:T-cell gene therapy. 893 44

Priority health-risk behaviors that contribute to the leading causes of mortality, morbidity, and social problems among youth and adults often are established during youth, extend into adulthood, and are interrelated. The Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) monitors six categories of priority health-risk behaviors among youth and young adults: behaviors that contribute to unintentional and intentional injuries, tobacco use, alcohol and other drug use, sexual behaviors, unhealthy dietary behaviors, and physical inactivity. The YRBSS includes both a national school-based survey conducted by CDC and state and local school-based surveys conducted by state and local education agencies. This report summarizes results from the national survey, 35 state surveys, and 16 local surveys conducted among high school students from February through May 1995. In the United States, 72% of all deaths among school-age youth and young adults result from four causes: motor vehicle crashes, other unintentional injuries, homicide, and suicide. Results from the 1995 YRBSS suggest that many high school students practice behaviors that may increase their likelihood of death from these four causes: 21.7% had rarely or never used a safety belt, 38.8% had ridden with a driver who had been drinking alcohol during the 30 days preceding the survey, 20.0% had carried a weapon during the 30 days preceding the survey, 51.6% had drunk alcohol during the 30 days preceding the survey, 25.3% had used marijuana during the 30 days preceding the survey, and 8.7% had attempted suicide during the 12 months preceding the survey. Substantial morbidity and social problems among school-age youth and young adults also result from unintended pregnancies and sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV infection. YRBSS results indicate that in 1995, 53.1% of high school students had experienced sexual intercourse, 45.6% of sexually active students had not used a condom at last sexual intercourse, and 2.0% had ever injected an illegal drug. Among adults, 65% of all deaths result from three causes: heart disease, cancer, and stroke. Most of the risk behaviors associated with these causes of death are initiated during adolescence. In 1995, 34.8% of high school students had smoked cigarettes during the 30 days preceding the survey, 39.5% had eaten more than two servings of foods typically high in fat content during the day preceding the survey, and only 25.4% had attended physical education class daily. YRBSS data are being used nationwide by health and education officials to improve national, state, and local policies and programs designed to reduce risks associated with the leading causes of mortality and morbidity. YRBSS data also are being used to measure progress toward achieving 21 national health objectives and one of eight National Education Goals.
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PMID:Youth risk behavior surveillance--United States, 1995. 898 Dec 66


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